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1.
郭志  高星  王卫民 《地球物理学报》2008,51(4):1103-1113
2006年12月26日12点26分27秒(GMT)台湾南部滨海发生Ms7.2(Harvard CMT)级地震.震中位于台湾南部滨海之南海次板块与菲律宾海板块碰撞引发造山作用生成的海洋增生楔内, 这次地震是该区域百年来震级最大的地震.我们利用中国数字地震台网(CSDN)和美国地震学联合研究所(IRIS) 提供的上地幔及远场范围宽频带P波垂向记录资料,基于点源和有限断层模型进行波形拟合反演,获得这次地震的震源机制解并给出了震源破裂过程.反演结果表明,本次地震为东倾正断层兼小幅度走滑破裂事件, 断层面走向为341.5°,倾角为77.9°,震源深度6 km.所得正断层震源机制解表明,地震可能与板块的拆离（break-off）作用引发的在台湾造山带局部存在伸张作用力有关.  相似文献   

2.
Aftershock locations, source parameters and slip distribution in the coupling zone between the overriding North American and subducted Rivera and Cocos plates were calculated for the 22 January 2003 Tecomán earthquake. Aftershock locations lie north of the El Gordo Graben with a northwest-southeast trend along the coast and superimposed on the rupture areas of the 1932 (M w?=?8.2) and 1995 (M w?=?8.0) earthquakes. The Tecomán earthquake ruptured the northwest sector of the Colima gap, however, half of the gap remains unbroken. The aftershock area has a rectangular shape of 42?±?2 by 56?±?2?km with a shallow dip of roughly 12° of the Wadati-Benioff zone. Fault geometry calculated with the Náb??lek (1984) inversion procedure is: (strike, dip, rake)?=?(277°, 27°, 78°). From the teleseimic body wave spectra and assuming a circular fault model, we estimated source duration of 20?±?2?s, a stress drop of 5.4?±?2.5?MPa and a seismic moment of 2.7?±?.7?×?1020?Nm. The spatial slip distribution on the fault plane was estimated using new additional near field strong motion data (54?km from the epicenter). We confirm their main conclusions, however we found four zones of seismic moment release clearly separated. One of them, not well defined before, is located toward the coast down dip. This observation is the result of adding new data in the inversion. We calculated a maximum slip of 3.2?m, a source duration of 30?s and a seismic moment of 1.88?×?1020?Nm.  相似文献   

3.
本文利用福建省地震台网、广东省地震台网和台湾"中央"气象局17个台的宽频带记录,使用CAP方法反演了2018年11月26日台湾海峡M_S6.2地震震源机制解,得到节面1走向/倾角/滑动角为89°/82°/-173°,节面2走向/倾角/滑动角为358°/84°/-7°,最佳拟合深度14km,矩震级5.8.使用双差定位获取了94个M_L2.0以上地震的精定位结果,结果显示,主震位于北纬23.36°,东经118.62°,震源深度10.43km.根据小震分布和构造应力场反演得到余震断层面走向和倾角分别为88°和60°.研究认为,台湾海峡6.2级地震发震构造为近EW向的台湾浅滩断裂,受南海板块张裂拉伸发育而成,孕震过程中有东山隆起东缘断裂的参与,推测在菲律宾板块对欧亚板块NW-SE向挤压碰撞背景下,近EW向的台湾浅滩断裂与近NS向的东山隆起东缘断裂交接部位属于强度薄弱区,最终产生高倾角右旋走滑错动而引发地震,余震主要沿台湾浅滩断裂分布.  相似文献   

4.
On 24 November 1983, a major earthquake occurred at 180 km depth beneath the Banda Sea. In the focal mechanism solution the pressure axis is almost horizontal, (azimuth 191°, plunge 02°) and the tension axis nearly vertical (plunge 88°). A comparison with the foreshock-aftershock pattern suggests that shear failure took place within the north-north-westerly dipping Benioff zone by thrust faulting along a southerly dipping plane. The focal mechanism solution does not conform to the usual pattern of the tension or compression axis being roughly parallel to the dip of the Benioff zone. Consequently the faulting could not have been caused by down-dip tension or compression within a sinking slab.  相似文献   

5.
We present the main seismological results of our study of the Campania-Lucania earthquake of 23 November 1980. A complete set of far field and local data has been analysed. From long-period body waves data we determine the fault plane solution (φ1 = 140°,δ1 = 60°,φ2 = 75°,δ2 = 54°), a depth of 15 km and calculate a seismic moment of 6 × 1025 dyne cm and a source duration of 6 s. From data of a local network deployed immediately after the event we determine aftershock locations: they are aligned in a direction NW-SE that fit extremely well with the focal solution determined above. We can choose as fault plane the plane striking 140° and dipping at 60° and the event is a normal event with a large component of left-lateral strike slip. The source area evaluated from this aftershock distribution 14 km × 40 km is quite suitable for an earthquake of a seismic moment of 6 × 1025 dyne cm.  相似文献   

6.
The focal mechanism solution of the Shiqu MS 4.4 earthquake occurred on May 16th, 2017 in Sichuan Province is studied by the gCAP method using the waveform data from the regional seismic networks in Sichuan, Qinghai, Tibet and Gansu provinces. The strike/dip/dipping angle of the first nodal plane are 214°/80°/167° and those of the second nodal plane are 306°/77°/10°, the optimal centroid depth is 7.3 ​± ​0.6 ​km and the moment magnitude is MW 4.5. Furthermore, the study investigates the robustness of the results against the error of crustal velocity structure, location, data quality and difference of seismic parameters, subsequently obtaining a stable resolved focal mechanism. According to the geological structure in the seismogenic area, spatial distribution of aftershock sequenceof the regional tectonic stress field, and the focal mechanism of the main shock, we suggest that the Shiqu earthquake is induced by a left-lateral strike-slip mechanism and the second nodal plane is inferred to be the seismogenic fault, consistent with the geometry of the Changshagongma fault which is the secondary fault of the northwest part of the Xianshuihe fault zone.  相似文献   

7.
Spatio-temporal rupture process of the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  
Focal mechanism and dynamic rupture process of the Wenchaun M s8.0 earthquake in Sichuan province on 12 May 2008 were obtained by inverting long period seismic data from the Global Seismic Network (GSN), and characteristics of the co-seismic displacement field near the fault were quantitatively analyzed based on the inverted results to investigate the mechanism causing disaster. A finite fault model with given focal mechanism and vertical components of the long period P-waves from 21 stations with evenly azimuthal coverage were adopted in the inversion. From the inverted results as well as aftershock distribution, the causative fault of the great Wenchuan earthquake was confirmed to be a fault of strike 225°/dip 39°/rake 120°, indicating that the earthquake was mainly a thrust event with right-lateral strike-slip component. The released scalar seismic moment was estimated to be about 9.4×1020-2.0×1021 Nm, yielding moment magnitude of M w7.9–8.1. The great Wenchuan earthquake occurred on a fault more than 300 km long, and had a complicated rupture process of about 90 s duration time. The slip distribution was highly inhomogeneous with the average slip of about 2.4 m. Four slip-patches broke the ground surface. Two of them were underneath the regions of Wenchuan-Yingxiu and Beichuan, respectively, with the first being around the hypocenter (rupture initiation point), where the largest slip was about 7.3 m, and the second being underneath Beichuan and extending to Pingwu, where the largest slip was about 5.6 m. The other two slip-patches had smaller sizes, one having the maximum slip of 1.8 m and lying underneath the north of Kangding, and the other having the maximum slip of 0.7 m and lying underneath the northeast of Qingchuan. Average and maximum stress drops over the whole fault plane were estimated to be 18 MPa and 53 MPa, respectively. In addition, the co-seismic displacement field near the fault was analyzed. The results indicate that the features of the co-seismic displacement field were coincident with those of the intensity distribution in the meizoseismal area, implying that the large-scale, large-amplitude and surface-broken thrust dislocation should be responsible for the serious disaster in the near fault area. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2004CB418404-4) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40574025 and 40874026)  相似文献   

8.
P-wave first motions, radiation patterns and amplitudes of long-period surface waves, relocated aftershock distributions, leveling and tsunami data indicate that the 1973 Nemuro-Oki earthquake is caused by a low-angle thrust-faulting, representing a rebound at the upper 50 km of the interface between the continental and oceanic lithospheres. Rebound, most likely aseismic, at depths below 50 km, is suggested to take place in the near future from a comparison of recent geologic crustal deformation with pre-seismic and co-seismic data. The estimated seismic moment is about 13–14 of that for the neighboring great earthquakes. The macro-seismic data suggest that the 1973 earthquake is smaller than the 1894 Nemuro-Oki earthquake, the last great earthquake in this region.The 1973 earthquake had been predicted on the basis of a seismic gap. Although the prediction was successful as to the location and nature of the faulting and partly as to the occurrence time, it is smaller than the predicted one. A part of the seismic gap may still remain. The difference between the observed seismic slip (1.6 m) and that predicted on the basis of the pre-seismic crustal deformation (3.0 m) indicates either (1) the 1973 earthquake relieved only a part of the strain accumulated in the upper 50 km, or (2) a significant amount of aseismic slip took place on the seismic fault and completely relieved the accumulated strain in the focal region of the 1973 earthquake. If the former is the case, the remaining strain, not only in the focal region, but also in the remaining seismic gap adjoining it, may be relieved in a larger earthquake in the future.The source parameters obtained are as follows: fault plane, dip direction = N40°W, dip angle = 27°; seismic moment = 6.7 · 1027 dyn cm; average slip dislocation, 1.6 m in N63°W direction; stress drop = 35 bars. In these calculations, the fault dimension and the rigidity are assumed to be 100 · 60 km2 and 7.0 · 1011 dyn/cm2, respectively.  相似文献   

9.
2014年3月10日13时18分(北京时间)美国加利福尼亚州西北岸发生Mw6.9级地震,震中位于戈尔达板块内部.本文利用国际地震学研究联合会(IRIS)地震数据中心提供的远场体波数据,通过波形反演的方法来研究此次地震的震源破裂过程,并分析未造成重大人员伤亡及诱发海啸的原因,为该地区地球动力学的研究提供依据.选取19个方位角覆盖均匀的远场P波垂向波形记录和13个近场P波初动符号进行约束,基于剪切位错点源模型确定此次地震的震源机制解.结合地质构造背景资料,确定断层破裂面的走向.在考虑海水层多次反射效应的影响下,采用18个远场P波垂向波形数据和21个远场SH波切向波形数据,利用有限断层模型,将断层面剖分为17×9块子断层单元来模拟破裂面上滑动的时空分布,通过波形反演的方法获得此次地震的震源破裂过程.利用海水层地壳模型,剪切位错点源模型的反演结果为:走向323°,倾角86.1°,滑动角-180°,震源深度为10.6km.有限断层模型的反演结果表明,此次地震的破裂过程相对简单,主要滑动量集中于震源上方35km×9km的区域内,破裂时间持续19s左右,平均破裂传播速度约为2.7km·s-1,较大滑动量均沿着走向分布,最大滑动量为249cm.此次地震为发生在戈尔达板块内部的一次Mw6.9级的陡倾角走滑型地震.此次地震为单纯的走滑型地震,断层面接近竖直方向,且发生在洋壳底部,因此破坏力不大,不会对沿岸城市造成重大损失.陡倾角断层在走滑错动的过程中不会使海底地形发生大幅度变化,不会引起大面积水体的突然升降,因此不会诱发大规模海啸.  相似文献   

10.
The moment tensor solution, source time function and spatial-temporal rupture process of the MS6.4 earthquake, which occurred in Ning’er, Yunnan Province, are obtained by inverting the broadband waveform data of 20 global stations. The inverted result shows that the scalar seismic moment is 5.51×1018 Nm, which corresponds to a moment magnitude of MW 6.4. The correspondent best double couple solution results in two nodal planes of strike 152°/dip 54°/rake 166°, and strike 250°/dip 79°/ rake 37°, respectively...  相似文献   

11.
采用双差定位法对山东莱州地震序列重新定位,通过CAP方法反演M4.6地震震源机制,在此基础上初步探讨莱州地震序列发震构造。结果显示:精确定位震中位置主要位于柞村—仙夼断裂的NW方向,深度剖面显示从SE方向到NW方向断层深度呈由浅逐渐变深的趋势,这均与柞村—仙夼断裂位置、走向、倾向特征较为吻合;M4.6地震震源机制解的节面Ⅰ与柞村—仙夼断裂走向、倾角较为接近。综合精确定位震中位置、剖面深度分布特征、M4.6地震震源机制解及宏观调查烈度分布等结果与柞村-仙夼断裂产状之间的关系,初步推测柞村—仙夼断裂可能为莱州地震序列的发震断层。  相似文献   

12.
The 1963 great Kurile earthquake was an underthrust earthquake occurred in the Kurile?CKamchatka subduction zone. The slip distribution of the 1963 earthquake was estimated using 21 tsunami waveforms recorded at tide gauges along the Pacific and Okhotsk Sea coasts. The extended rupture area was divided into 24 subfaults, and the slip on each subfault was determined by the tsunami waveform inversion. The result shows that the largest slip amount of 2.8?m was found at the shallow part and intermediate depth of the rupture area. Large slip amounts were found at the shallow part of the rupture area. The total seismic moment was estimated to be 3.9?×?1021?Nm (Mw 8.3). The 2006 Kurile earthquake occurred right next to the location of the 1963 earthquake, and no seismic gap exists between the source areas of the 1963 and 2006 earthquakes.  相似文献   

13.
—?An intriguing observation in Greenland is a clear spatial correlation between seismicity and deglaciated areas along passive continental margins, a piece of evidence for earthquake triggering due to postglacial rebound. Another piece of evidence for induced seismicity due to deglaciation derives from earthquake source mechanisms. Sparse, low magnitude seismicity has made it difficult to determine focal mechanisms from Greenland earthquakes. On the basis of two normal faulting events along deglaciated margins and from the spatial distribution of epicenters, earlier investigators suggested that the earthquakes of Greenland are due to postglacial rebound. This interpretation is tested here by using more recent data. Broadband waveforms of teleseismic P waves from the August 10, 1993 (m b = 5.4) and October 14, 1998 (m b = 5.1) earthquakes have been inverted for moment tensors and source parameters. Both mechanisms indicate normal faulting with small strike-slip components: the 1993 event, strike = 348.9°, dip = 41.0°, rake =?56.3°, focal depth = 11?km, seismic moment = 1.03?×?1024 dyne-cm, and M w = 5.3; the 1998 event, strike = 61.6°, dip = 58.0°, rake =?95.5°, focal depth = 5?km, seismic moment = 5.72?×?1023 dyne-cm, and M w = 5.1. These and the two prior events support the theory that the shallow part of the lithosphere beneath the deglaciated margins is under horizontal extension. The observed stress field can be explained as flexural stresses due to removal of ice loads and surface loads by glacial erosion. These local extensional stresses are further enhanced by the spreading stress of continental crust and reactivate preexisting faults. Earthquake characteristics observed from Greenland suggest that the dominant seismogenic stresses are from postglacial rebound and spreading of the continental lithosphere.  相似文献   

14.
随着地震观测台网的加密,中国地震台网统一地震目录越来越完整。本文以地震资料丰富且研究程度较高的唐山地震为例,尝试利用中国地震台网统一地震目录直接确定断层面参数。将小震确定断层面参数的方法应用于唐山地震序列,对其断层面参数进行分段拟合,其中唐山断裂南段走向和倾角分别为213.4°和81.9°,唐山断裂北段走向和倾角分别为231.4°和89.1°,滦县段走向和倾角分别为125.1°和76.2°,卢龙断裂走向和倾角分别为46.1°和89.3°,宁河断裂走向和倾角分别为246.6°和81.8°。将所得结果与前人研究成果以及现今震源机制解参数研究的误差水平进行对比分析,证明了本研究具有较高的可靠性。本文研究结果表明,在地震活跃且地震定位精度较高的地区,中国地震台网统一地震目录可以广泛应用于断层面参数的确定。  相似文献   

15.
The 23 October 2011 Van earthquake took place in the NE part of Lake Van area, surprisingly on a fault (the Van fault) that is not present in the current active fault map of Turkey. However, occurrence of such a large magnitude earthquake in the area is not surprising regarding the historical seismicity of the region. The comparison of the damage patterns suggests that the earthquake is much likely a recurrence of the 1715 Van earthquake. The finite fault modelling of the earthquake using teleseismic broadband body waveforms has shown that the earthquake rupture was unilateral toward SW, was mostly reverse faulting, confined to below the depth of 5 km, did not propagate offshore, and was dominated by a failure of a single asperity with a peak slip of about 5.5 m. The total seismic moment calculated for the model is 4.6?×?1019 Nm (M W ?≈?7.1). The finite fault model coincides with the field observations indicating blind faulting and the vertical displacements over the free surface estimated from it correlate well with the maximum reported uplift along the coast of Lake Van above the hanging wall. The possible offshore continuations of the Van fault and some other faults lying its south are also discussed by assessing a previous offshore seismic reflection study and the earthquake epicentres and focal mechanisms.  相似文献   

16.
A detailed investigation of microseismicity and fault plane solutions are used to determine the current tectonic activity of the prominent zone of seismicity near Samos Island and Kusadasi Bay. The activation of fault populations in this complex strike-slip and normal faulting system was investigated by using several thousand accurate earthquake locations obtained by applying a double-difference location method and waveform cross-correlation, appropriate for areas with relatively small seismogenic structures. The fault plane solutions, determined by both moment tensor waveform inversions and P-wave first motion polarities, reveal a clear NS trending extension direction, for strike slip, oblique normal and normal faults. The geometry of each segment is quite simple and indicates planar dislocations gently dipping with an average dip of 40–45°, maintaining a constant dip through the entire seismogenic layer, down to 15 km depth.  相似文献   

17.
Benioff's suggestion that the 58-min period sinusoidal oscillation found on a Pasadena strain seismogram after the Kamchatka earthquake of November 4, 1952 may represent the earth's gravest normal mode is re-examined in terms of a slow large-scale post-seismic deformation. The mechanism and the seismic moment of the main shock of the Kamchatka earthquake are determined by using the amplitude and the initial phase of G2 and R2 recorded at Pasadena and R6 recorded at Palisades. By constraining the dip angle and the strike of the fault at 30° (towards NW) and N34°E, respectively, on the basis of the geometry of the Benioff zone, the slip angle is determined as 110° which represents 74% thrust and 26% right-lateral faulting. The direction of the slip angle agrees with the slip direction of the Pacific plate. A seismic moment of 3.5 · 1029 dyn cm is obtained. If a fault area of 650 · 200 km2 is assumed, an average dislocation of 5 m is obtained. Spectral analyses of the Pasadena strain records show that the 58-min sinusoidal oscillation in fact consists of a spectral peak near 54 min which is very close to the 0S2 mode and other high-frequency peaks which can be correlated to the earth's normal modes. The records from two independent recording galvanometers correlate with each other very well, indicating that the recorded oscillation represents a real strain and not instrumental noise. The phase relation between the NS and EW components is consistent with the strain field associated with 0S2 mode. Although these results provide positive evidence for a slow post-seismic deformation, the cause of the abrupt termination of the oscillation and the excitation mechanism remain unresolved.  相似文献   

18.
利用甘肃"十五"数字地震台网的波形资料,采用CAP方法反演了2013年7月22日岷县漳县6.6级地震的震源机制解。结果显示:本次地震的震源性质为逆冲兼走滑型,矩震级MW6.1,震源矩心深度为7km。最佳双力偶节面Ⅱ走向304°,倾角64°,滑动角44°,其走向与附近的临潭-宕昌断裂的走向一致;倾角和滑动角,表现为左旋走滑的特性与临潭-宕昌断裂的性质相符合,判定该节面代表了主震的发震断层面。分析认为岷县漳县6.6级地震的发生与该断裂的活动密切相关。  相似文献   

19.
根据中国和全球地震台网记录的波形记录,采用W震相矩张量反演、反投影分析及有限断层模型反演方法,研究了2016年3月2日印尼7.8级地震破裂过程,分析讨论印尼地震震源运动学特征.结果表明：此地震为一次对称的双侧破裂走滑型事件,北北东─南南西向的断层节面（走向5°/倾角85°）为发震断层面.标量地震矩约6.19×1020 Nm,矩震级为7.79,最大的滑动量约11 m,位于破裂起始点北东,沿着断层走向约30 km处.破裂平均速度2.0~2.2 km·s-1,破裂持续时间35 s,破裂在5~25 s内释放的能量,约占总能量的97%.最终形成了总长度90 km左右的断层.印尼地震具有破裂持续时间短、破裂速度慢、高滑动能量带相对集中等显著特点.本研究对进一步增进海洋岩石圈地震的震源特性认识有重要参考意义.  相似文献   

20.
At GMT time 13:19, August 8, 2017, an Ms7.0 earthquake struck the Jiuzhaigou region in Sichuan Province, China, causing severe damages and casualties. To investigate the source properties, seismogenic structures, and seismic hazards, we systematically analyzed the tectonic environment, crustal velocity structure in the source region, source parameters and rupture process, Coulomb failure stress changes, and 3-D features of the rupture plane of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Our results indicate the following: (1) The Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred on an unmarked fault belonging to the transition zone of the east Kunlun fault system and is located northwest of the Huya fault. (2) Both the mainshock and aftershock rupture zones are located in a region where crustal seismic velocity changes dramatically. Southeast to the source region, shear wave velocity at the middle to lower crust is significantly low, but it rapidly increases northeastward and lies close to the background velocity across the rupture fault. (3) The aftershock zone is narrow and distributes along the northwest-southeast trend, and most aftershocks occur within a depth range of 5–20 km. (4) The focal mechanism of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake indicates a left-lateral strike-slip fault, with strike, dip, and rake angles of 152°, 74° and 8°, respectively. The hypocenter depth measures 20 km, whereas the centroid depth is about 6 km. The co-seismic rupture mainly concentrates at depths of 3–13 km, with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 6.5. (5) The co-seismic rupture also strengthens the Coulomb failure stress at the two ends of the rupture fault and the east segment of the Tazang fault. Aftershocks relocation results together with geological surveys indicate that the causative fault is a near vertical fault with notable spatial variations: dip angle varies within 66°–89° from northwest to southeast and the average dip angle measures ~84°. The results of this work are of fundamental importance for further studies on the source characteristics, tectonic environment, and seismic hazard evaluation of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake.  相似文献   

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