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The subseismic approximation in core dynamics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Retrieval of oxalate from snow and ice provides information on past environmental changes. In recent years, records of organic acids in middle-and low-latitude glaciers have attracted the attention of researchers globally. In this study, we analyzed oxalates in an ice core from Laohugou Glacier No. 12 on the Qilian Mountains at an elevation of 5,040 m a.s.l. in2006. Average oxalate concentration was 18.5±2.4 ng/g over the prior 46 years. Oxalate values showed a significantly increasing trend since 1985. From 1985 to 1995, oxalate concentrations had large fluctuations, peaking in about 1987 and exhibiting a slightly decreasing trend since 1995. The result shows that the abrupt increase of oxalate concentration in the ice core since the mid-1980 s reflects atmospheric environmental pollution by human and industrial activities. 相似文献
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Richard Morrill 《The Professional geographer》1983,35(1):1-9
Geography is hurt by a widespread misunderstanding of its nature and accomplishments. The purpose here is to show how the seeming great diversity of geographic study is unified by a common concern with the meaning of place and the organization of space. Geography can be proud of its increasing contribution to knowledge and to society, but it must constantly guard the quality of its work. 相似文献
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The Hamiltonian formalism was recently applied by Getino (1995a,b) for the study of the rotation of a non-rigid earth with a heterogeneous and stratified liquid core. That earth model is generalized here by including the effect of the dissipation arising from the mantle-core interaction, using a model similar to that of Sasao, Okubo & Saito (1980), which includes both viscous and electromagnetic coupling. First, a solution for the free nutations is obtained following a classical approach, which in our opinion is more familiar to most of the readers than the Hamiltonian treatment. This solution provides a theoretical basis clear enough to study both the qualitative and quantitative effects of the dissipations considered in the hypotheses. The main qualitative features are, besides the delays, that the free core nutation (FCN) suffers an exponential damping, while the chandler wobble (CW) is not damped at first order, by the dissipation considered. The numerical values obtained for the complex compliances agree with the most recent experimental computations.
Next, the problem is studied under a Hamiltonian formalism, and a solution equivalent to the above is obtained. Besides its interest from a theoretical point of view, this formalism is necessary in order to apply canonical perturbation methods in order to obtain analytical nutation series. 相似文献
Next, the problem is studied under a Hamiltonian formalism, and a solution equivalent to the above is obtained. Besides its interest from a theoretical point of view, this formalism is necessary in order to apply canonical perturbation methods in order to obtain analytical nutation series. 相似文献
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哈拉湖岩芯XRF扫描元素统计分析及其环境意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
青藏高原东北缘高山湖泊哈拉湖是位于季风与西风影响的交汇带的封闭深水湖泊,是区域环境和气候变化的良好记录载体。目前对该湖的研究还较少,缺乏对沉积物中元素环境意义的系统认识。通过高分辨率XRF岩芯扫描,用相关、聚类和因子分析的方法对哈拉湖沉积岩芯地球化学元素进行分析。结果显示Ti、K、Si、Al、Fe、Mn等元素变化一致,相关性高,归为同一类,即径流输入的陆源碎屑组分,反映了流域水文状况如径流量的变化。Sr、Zr元素相关性高,为赋存在粗颗粒沉积物中的元素,根据哈拉湖实际,应为冬季湖泊冰面风力搬运,反映了湖区冬季风力强度的变化。Ca元素既与径流输入元素总体变化一致,也与Sr、Zr元素显著相关,且在第一和第二主成分(径流和风力)上的载荷相当,表明哈拉湖沉积物中的碳酸盐既有粗颗粒的外源碎屑,也有湖泊自生的组分,这在利用碳酸盐进行地球化学研究时应重视,注意去除外源碎屑碳酸盐的影响。可溶元素S和Cl可能反映了入湖水量与蒸发对比情况,与湖泊盐度有关。 相似文献
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矿物和结构分析揭示了南极洲乔治王岛柯林斯冰帽一支 80 .2 m冰芯中的 9层深褐色沉积物的火山灰特征。本文从冰川处于稳定状态的假定出发 ,根据 Dansgaard- Johnsen流动模式断代结果 ,建立了南设得兰群岛火山喷发序列。依冰芯记录判断 ,该区 1 650年以来的 340年间 ,共有 7轮火山喷发。1 875～ 1 92 5年间似为火山活跃期 ,喷发地点可能主要在欺骗岛 ;1 650～ 1 80 0年间为一相对平静期 ;此后一个世纪不太稳定 ;而过去的 1 0 0年间基本平静 ,只是世纪初和 50～ 70年代间各有一段动荡期。冰芯中记载的大多数火山喷发可在该区有关文献中找到记录。没有记录在案的几例喷发事件需进一步调查。冰芯中缺失 1 967～ 1 970年欺骗岛火山灰层位表明 ,研究得到的火山序列仍未包含所有的喷发事件。但本文展示的该区过去 340年间火山活动基本趋势并不因此而改变。 相似文献
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Kurt A. Haberyan 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2001,26(2):219-223
Materials for constructing a simple piston corer are available at most well-stocked hardware stores, primarily using galvanized fence post for the barrel, and pipe for the drive rod and head. These are assembled with a modicum of machinist skills. In the field, this VolksCorer operates like similar corers; it is limited to relatively shallow water (about 10–15 m) and is poorly suited for down-the-hole coring, but it requires few specialized tools. Likewise, materials to construct the VolksExtruder are widely available; this extruder, although simple, allows very precise extrusion control. The very low cost of the corer and extruder (less than US$50 each) make them suitable for investigators operating with low budgets without sacrificing sample quality. 相似文献
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Tomas Nihlén 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2000,82(1):39-44
In 1998 an area near Helagsfjället in Härjedalen was investigated in an attempt to relocate palsas discovered by the botanist Harry Smith in 1910. Several small palsa-like features with ice cores were detected. The palsas were found on an almost flat peat bog at 950 m, 3 km NW of Helagsfjället. Five clearly elevated mounds and some indistinct ones with palsa-like features were traced. The five mounds were about 0.6 m high and had an area of about 2 × 3 m. One of the mounds was examined in more detail. At a depth of 0.3 m in the peat an ice body with a hard ice core was found. This location is the most southerly area known with occurrence of palsa-like forms in Sweden at the present time. In spite of a warmer climate towards the latter part of this century, palsa-like features have survived in this area. The mean annual temperature barely fits the criterion for palsa formation while the mean annual precipitation is too high as compared with the general assumptions. The palsa formation is probably dependent on strong winds thinning out the snowcover. 相似文献
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冰芯钻取后，样品截取原则和环境记录的初步解释要求对年代－深度剖面有一初步了解，即要求建立冰体随深度变化的时间尺度。根据柯林斯冰帽一年多野外实测资料所揭示的小冰穹运动状况、温度分布、物质平衡和动力学特征，本文采用Ｄａｎｓｇａｒｒｄ－Ｊｏｈｎｓｅｎ模型和等温冰体流动模型（ｎ＝３），分别对一支８０．２ｍ冰芯的时间尺度进行初步估算。结果表明两种模型断代结果非常接近，在距冰床１０ｍ深度处，两模型分别给出１８９７年和１８５４年的冰龄。对比指出两种模型计算出的冰帽各深度冰龄最大误差不大于２％。与冰芯中上部含深褐色火山灰冰层的历史记录年代相比误差小于３％。 相似文献
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H. Motoyama K. Kamiyama M. Igarashi F. Nishio & O. Watanabe 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2000,82(1):33-38
10 m and 2.3 m ice cores were obtained on Austre Brøggerbreen, Spitsbergen in Svalbard (78°53 ' N, 11°56 ' E, 450 m a.s.l.) in September 1994 and in March 1995, respectively. Stratigraphy, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and major ions were obtained from the core samples.
The chemical effect of meltwater percolation through snow/ice is examined. Good correlation between Cl− and Na+ was obtained. The ratio of Cl− to Na+ was 1.14 which was nearly the same value as in bulk sea water. However, the variation of Cl− /Na+ shows that higher ratio occured in the bubble-free ice. Furthermore the Cl− ions remain in higher concentration than SO 4 2− or Na+ ions. 相似文献
The chemical effect of meltwater percolation through snow/ice is examined. Good correlation between Cl
14.
A rod-less piston corer for lake sediments; an improved, rope-operated percussion corer 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A lightweight, percussion corer, suitable for use in remote lakes of moderate depth, is described. The operation of the corer and suggestions for securing and transporting long sediment cores are presented. In particular, the design and use of a recovery pot, which allows the retrieval of undisturbed cores from sediments of unknown depth, is detailed. 相似文献
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T.M. Wells A.S. Cohen L.E. Park D.L. Dettman B.A. McKee 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,22(3):259-276
We report here on the first detailed ostracode stratigraphic record to be obtained from late Holocene sediments of Lake Tanganyika. We analyzed four cores, three from the northern lake region and a fourth from a more southern lake locality, that collectively record ostracode assemblages under a variety of disturbance regimes. These cores provide a stratigraphic record of ostracode abundance and diversity, as well as depositional changes over time periods of decades to millennia. We have investigated the fossil ostracodes in these cores by looking at temporal changes of species diversity and population structure for the species present. All four cores provided distinct patterns of ostracode diversity and abundance. BUR-1, a northern lake core obtained close to the Ruisizi River delta, yielded a sparse ostracode record. Karonge #3, another northern core from a site that is closely adjacent to a river delta with high sediment loading, yielded almost no ostracodes. The third core 86-DG-14, taken from a somewhat less disturbed area of the lake, suggests that there have been recent changes in ostracode populations. Through most of the lower portion of this core, ostracode abundance is low and species richness is relatively constant. Above 7 cm there is a marked increase in ostracode abundance and a corresponding decrease in species richness, probably signaling the onset of a major community disturbance, perhaps due to human activities. The southernmost core, 86-DG-32, is from a site that is well removed from influent rivers. Ostracode abundance varies erratically throughout the core, whereas species richness is relatively constant and high throughout the core. The temporal variation evident in ostracode community makeup both within and between the studied cores may be a result of naturally patchy distributions among ostracodes, coupled with local extinctions and recolonizations, or it may reflect inadequate sampling of these high diversity assemblages. In either case, these cores illustrate the potential to obtain high resolution ostracode records from the rich, endemic fauna of Lake Tanganyika that can be used to address questions about the history of community structure and human impacts in this lake. 相似文献
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Kota Katsuki Yasushi Miyamoto Kazuyoshi Yamada Hiroyuki Takata Keiko Yamaguchi Daisuke Nakayama Hugo Coops Hidenobu Kunii Ritsuo Nomura Boo-Keun Khim 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(4):1115-1125
Lake Nakaumi, southwest Japan, is an enclosed lagoon characterized by polyhaline and halocline conditions. Since the last
century, its ecological state has been altered by eutrophication. We used a paleolimnological approach and studied multiple
proxies, including chemical compounds, diatoms, foraminifera and molluscs, to infer the eutrophication history of the ecosystem.
Eutrophication in Lake Nakaumi was associated with several factors, including increased nutrient loading, input of herbicides,
and dike building since the 1920s. The ecological condition of this lake was divided into several stages that reflect the
eutrophication process after the 1940s. A catastrophic “regime shift” from a clear state with aquatic vegetation to a turbid
one with phytoplankton occurred in the early 1950s. Environmental degradation in the Honjo area, a part of Lake Nakaumi, was
attributed primarily to physical changes caused by the construction of an enclosing dike. Eutrophication occurred almost simultaneously
with the physical changes to the Honjo area in the 1970s. Until recently, no regime shift was observed in this area, though
the core-top sediments show possible symptoms of incipient change. 相似文献
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柯林斯冰帽两支冰芯层位记录证实了该冰帽主冰穹顶部（海拔约７００ｍ）属暖渗浸带，小冰穹顶部（海拔约２５０ｍ）属渗浸带。雪、冰的层位分布和密度变化包含了一定的测年信息。主冰穹顶冰芯密度－深度曲线在表层呈现韵律性变化，与层位记录中的融化冻结现象相对应，据此粗略划分年层，断定当地年积累雪层厚度为３－３．５ｍ，折合水当量１６５０－１９２５ｋｇ／ｍ２ａ，年平均积累速率约为２．０ｍ／ａ（冰当量）。主冰穹顶成冰深度为３８－３９ｍ，此深度以上密度自上而下缓慢增加，但以下由于含水层的出现，密度迅速升高，在５－６ｍ区间达到９００ｋｇ／ｍ３。小冰穹冰芯除表层外，密度基本在８００－９００ｋｇ／ｍ３之间，冰芯中雪冰互层，存在污化面，４０ｍ以下发现很厚的火山灰沉积物。小冰穹平均年积累率约为０．７ｍ／ａ（冰当量），成冰深度７－８ｍ，成冰年限为１０年左右 相似文献