共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
增强UV-B辐射下NO对细胞壁多糖组分含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以豌豆（Pisum sativum）幼苗茎为材料,研究增强UV-B辐射下一氧化氮（NO）对细胞壁多糖组分含量的影响。结果表明,增强UV-B辐射使单位长度内细胞壁多糖总量增加;使细胞壁多糖结构组分果胶、半纤维素Ⅰ、半纤维素Ⅱ和纤维素的含量增加;NO供体处理对半纤维素Ⅰ、半纤维素Ⅱ和纤维素的影响与UV-B辐射相似,使它们含量增加;增强UV-B辐射条件下,氮合酶（NOS）抑制剂和NO清除剂处理使半纤维素Ⅰ、半纤维素Ⅱ和纤维素的含量降低,抵消了增强UV-B辐射对他们的影响。说明UV-B辐射可能通过NO信号上调了半纤维素Ⅰ、半纤维素Ⅱ和纤维素含量,增加了他们在细胞壁多糖中的比例,因而改变细胞壁的化学特性以及影响了细胞壁的机械延展性。无论对照条件下用NO供体处理,还是UV-B辐射条件下用NOS抑制剂、NO清除剂处理,对果胶含量影响不大,表明NO信号可能与UV-B辐射诱导果胶含量增加无关。 相似文献
2.
UV-B辐射对生物结皮层藓类植物生理生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以腾格里沙漠东南缘人工固沙植被区常见藓类结皮中的真藓(Bryum argenteum)和土生对齿藓(Didymodon vinealis)为研究对象,通过室内模拟沙坡头地区臭氧损耗0%(对照)、6%、9%和12%所达到的UV-B强度梯度(2.75、3.08、3.25、3.41 W·m-2),研究了增强UV-B辐射对两种藓类植物渗透调节物质、膜质过氧化程度及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:随着UV-B辐射增加,两种藓类植物丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高;可溶性糖含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则降低;且UV-B辐射对真藓的影响大于土生对齿藓,说明真藓对UV-B辐射相对更敏感。本研究结果也预示着在未来UV-B辐射增强的情况下,温带荒漠生物土壤结皮(BSC)的组成和结构将会发生显著变化,这种变化将会深刻地影响BSC在荒漠生态系统中的功能,进而影响荒漠生态系统的健康和稳定。 相似文献
3.
菹草(Potamogeton crispus)衰亡的原因一直是水体生态修复的研究热点。已有的研究认为,强光照是促进菹草衰亡的关键因素。分别将菹草幼苗置于150μW/cm2剂量的中波紫外线(UV-B,波长为275~320 nm)辐射下,设置4种UV-B辐射持续时间处理,其每日的持续辐射时间分别设定为0 h(对照处理)、2 h、4 h和6 h,对照处理下的菹草幼苗不接受UV-B辐射,仅接受长波紫外线(UV-A)辐射和光合有效辐射,监测各处理下菹草幼苗的生长、形态状况、石芽形成和萌发等指标。研究结果表明,每日6 h的UV-B辐射,能促进菹草分枝,且能促进菹草衰亡;2 h和4 h的UV-B辐射,对菹草的影响较小,随着UV-B辐射时间的延长,菹草植株的株高、节间距和单株鲜质量明显下降,每日2 h的UV-B辐射,能促进植株叶面积的增加;每日延长UV-B辐射时间,可以促进石芽的形成,但形成的石芽随着变态率的增加,其长度增加、宽度减小,石芽质量减轻,下一个生长季的萌发率降低,萌发出二苗的比率降低,萌发苗的各项生长指标随着辐射剂量增加而逐渐降低。因此,在春末、夏初,随着太阳辐射时间的增加,阳光中累计的UV-B辐射剂量增加,这可能是促进菹草大批衰亡的重要原因。 相似文献
4.
为了探究3种UV-B辐射强度对香蒲(Typha orientalis)生长和抗氧化状况的作用,于2017年5月19日~7月17日,在甘肃农业大学室外实验基地,构建模拟垂直潜流人工湿地,在其中栽种香蒲幼苗;在3种UV-B辐射强度[168μw/cm(自然光照下)、210μw/cm和252μw/cm]下,测定香蒲的生长和抗氧化指标。研究结果表明,随着UV-B辐射增强,香蒲叶片提前出现叶缘褪绿、萎蔫和坏死斑点等现象;在短时间3种强度的UV-B辐射下,香蒲的株高和生物量都显著增大,但是随着辐射时间的增加,香蒲的生长受到抑制,且生物量表现出向地下积累的规律;在实验前14 d,随着UV-B辐射强度的增强,香蒲叶片的丙二醛、抗坏血酸和还原型谷胱甘肽含量以及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性都显著提高,14 d以后,其逐渐降低;在实验的不同时期,在植物生长中起主要作用的抗氧化酶和抗氧化物质存在差异。在UV-B辐射下,香蒲通过提高其抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质的含量,来抵抗UV-B辐射对其造成的损伤。 相似文献
5.
红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)黄酮类物质代谢及其抗氧化活性对UV-B辐射的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对荒漠植物红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)在UV-B辐射胁迫下不同时间内(0、2、4、6、8、10d)脂质过氧化、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的变化以及黄酮类代谢途径关键酶活性、代谢产物及代谢产物的抗氧化活性进行了分析,探讨黄酮类代谢响应UV-B辐射胁迫的变化以及与脂质过氧化和光合色素系统的相关性。结果表明:随着UV-B辐射处理时间的延长,叶绿素含量有所降低;类胡萝卜素含量升高;膜脂过氧化程度(以丙二醛(MDA)含量表示)增加;黄酮类代谢途径关键酶黄烷酮3-羟化酶(F3H)活性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,但仍高于处理前水平,二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶(DFR)活性增强,代谢终产物总黄酮含量先降低后恢复至处理前水平,花色素苷(ANS)含量上升;DFR活性、黄酮类代谢产物ANS及总黄酮对DPPH清除率和对MDA形成的抑制率均与MDA以及光合色素系统之间存在显著或极显著的相关性。这表明次生物质黄酮类代谢途径在UV-B胁迫下发挥了抗氧化功能,提高红砂对在UV-B辐射下的自我保护能力。 相似文献
6.
塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地太阳紫外UV-B辐射的观测与分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用塔中站（39°01′N,83°40′E)直接探测的紫外辐射资料,对塔克拉玛干沙漠近地层紫外辐射特征进行了系统的分析。结果表明,紫外UV-B辐射年总量为8.59 MJ·m-2·a-1。夏季紫外线辐射强度较大,7月达到最大为1.24M J·m-2,占紫外UV-B辐射年总量的14.44% ;冬季紫外线辐射强度较小,约为7月的1/5,1月出现最低值为0.257 M J· m-2;紫外UV-B瞬时辐射强度全年峰值为2.51 W·m-2,出现在6月。1、4、7、10月紫外UV-B辐射的日总量变化对天气现象有不同程度的反映,天气现象较少的1月逐日紫外辐射上下变动的离散度较小,7月最大。紫外UV-B辐射随云量增多而降低;沙尘使紫外UV-B辐射的降低较为显著,沙尘暴时,其值为各类风沙天气中最低。 相似文献
7.
荒漠草原沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)群落物种多样性和地上生物量对降雨量的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用野外降雨量增减试验平台,研究了荒漠草原沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)群落物种多样性和地上生物量对降雨量的响应特征。结果表明:降雨量增加或减少均能导致物种的改变,使物种多样性发生变化。处理中,4种物种多样性指数整体表现为8月高于6月。降雨量减少40%时,Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson优势集中性指数和物种丰富度Patrick指数最低,减少20%时,Pielou均匀度指数最低。降雨量增减也能够导致盖度与生物量的响应。降雨量减少60%、40%、20%时,6月植被盖度高于8月;降雨量增加20%、40%、60%时,6月植被盖度低于8月。降雨量减少和增加对荒漠草原植被盖度都有累加效应,即随时间变化,增雨处理使植被盖度持续升高,反之亦然。随降雨量增加,地上现存生物量逐渐升高,且在降雨量增加60%时达最大。降雨量减少60%、40%、20%和增加20%,都会显著降低凋落物生物量(P<0.05)。随降雨量增加,地上现存生物量与凋落物生物量的比值增大。在荒漠草原沙生针茅群落中,降雨量增加,有利于地上现存生物量的积累和地上总生物量的提高。影响荒漠草原地区植物群落地上生物量和物种多样性的关键降雨量变化范围为减雨40%～20%和增雨40%～60%。超出该范围,植物群落地上生物量和物种多样性对降雨变化的响应都会减弱。增雨20%～40%对地上生物量和物种多样性的影响不显著。 相似文献
8.
《中国地理与资源文摘》2005,(3)
湖泊学P343.32005031998增强的UV-B对湖泊生态系统的影响研究=Effectsofin creasedUV Bradiationonaquaticecosystemsinlakes/张运林,秦伯强…∥地球科学进展.—2005,20(1).—106～112综述了国外在UV-B对湖泊生态系统影响的研究现状与动态,增强的UV-B在湖泊中呈指数衰减,不同湖泊衰减系数变化很大;光衰减系数与溶解性有机碳、有色可溶性有机物一般呈显著性正相关;增强的UV-B对浮游植物、浮游细菌、浮游动物及鱼类均有不同程度的影响;由于不同生物具有不同适应UV-B伤害的机制,湖泊生态系统的结构和功能也势必会发生变化.图1参60(洪明… 相似文献
9.
《湿地科学》2021,(2)
为了探究3种UV-B(ultraviolet-B,波长为280～315 nm的紫外光)辐射强度对香蒲(Typha orientalis)叶片光合特性和叶绿体超微结构的影响,于2017年5月19日至7月17日,在甘肃农业大学室外实验基地,构建模拟垂直潜流人工湿地,在其中栽种香蒲幼苗;在3种UV-B辐射强度[168μw/cm~2(自然光照下)、210μw/cm~2和252μw/cm~2]下,测定香蒲叶片光合色素含量和光合特性指标,并观察其叶绿体超微结构。研究结果表明,UV-B辐射增强显著减小了香蒲叶片的光合色素含量,且随着辐射强度增大,光合色素含量减小量增大;UV-B辐射增强显著减小了香蒲叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,增大了胞间CO_2浓度,UV-B辐射强度增强的条件下香蒲叶片光合速率减小的主要原因是非气孔因素;在UV-B辐射增强条件下,香蒲叶片叶绿体超微结构遭到破坏,表现为叶绿体数目减少,叶绿体结构变形,体积膨大,形态臃肿,叶绿体中出现淀粉颗粒,破坏作用随辐射强度增大而加剧。 相似文献
10.
隐花植物是指不产生种子的植物,是我国干旱、半干旱地区主要表面特征——生物土壤结皮的组成成分,并在其中扮演着独特而重要的生态作用。隐花植物对环境因子变化的响应和适应能力大小对整个生态系统稳定性具有重要影响。因此,有关增强UV-B辐射对隐花植物影响的研究已成为目前UV-B辐射研究领域的发展趋势和热点之一。通过系统地综述国内外有关隐花植物对UV-B辐射响应和适应机制研究方面的进展,分析了研究趋势,讨论了目前该领域研究的一些不足并对未来发展提出了展望,以期促进隐花植物的研究,加深对我国干旱、半干旱区隐花植物在应对UV-B辐射增强的响应和适应机制的认识。 相似文献
11.
Highland barley is an important staple food in the Tibet, and the Tibetan Plateau is experiencing obvious climatic warming. However, few studies have examined the warming effects on highland barley growth and biomass allocation under conditions of controlled experimental warming. This limits our ability to predict how highland barley will change as the climate changes in the future. An experiment of field warming at two magnitudes was performed in a highland barley system of the Tibet beginning in late May, 2014. Infrared heaters were used to increase soil temperature. At the end of the warming experiment (September 14, 2014), plant growth parameters (plant height, basal diameter, shoot length and leaf number), biomass accumulation parameters (total biomass, root biomass, stem biomass, leaf biomass and spike biomass), and carbon and nitrogen concentration parameters (carbon concentration, nitrogen concentration, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen concentration in root, stem, leaf and spike) were sampled. The low- and high-level experimental warming significantly increased soil temperature by 1.52 and 1.98 °C, respectively. Average soil moisture was significantly decreased by 0.03 m3 m-3 under the high-level experimental warming, while soil moisture under the low-level experimental warming did not significantly change. The low- and high-level experimental warming did not significantly affect plant growth parameters, biomass accumulation parameters, and carbon and nitrogen concentration parameters. There were also no significant differences of plant growth parameters, biomass accumulation parameters, and carbon and nitrogen concentration parameters between the low- and high-level experimental warming. Our findings suggest that the response of highland barley growth, total and component biomass accumulation, and carbon and nitrogen concentration to warming did not linearly change with warming magnitude in the Tibet. 相似文献
12.
运用波文比-能量平衡法和大型蒸渗仪对沙地春小麦的蒸散量进行了连续的测定和估算,并对由于降雨和灌溉所引起的土壤有效水分变化与沙地春小麦蒸散量之间的相关关系进行了初步探讨。结果表明:①春小麦蒸散量在降水或灌溉后1~2 d最大,然后逐渐下降,说明春小麦的蒸散速度受土壤有效水分含量的影响;②春小麦出苗前和生长初期,蒸散以地表蒸发为主,蒸散量较小,感热通量和土壤热通量较大;随着时间推移,L AI(叶面积系数)逐渐增大,由于作物遮蔽,感热通量和土壤热通量减小,潜热通量对净辐射贡献增大;③测定期间,波文比在早晨日出前(5:00)达到最大,至下午15:00左右下降为最小,然后开始增大至次日凌晨;④应用波文比-能量平衡法估测的沙地春小麦蒸散量与大型蒸渗仪的测定值一致性较好,相关系数R2为0.9055。 相似文献
13.
基于土壤水动力学原理,建立了内陆河流域山前农田绿洲SPAC系统土壤水分运移的子模型。应用该模型对土壤剖面含水率、农田棵间蒸发和叶面蒸腾量进行了模拟研究,并以实测值进行了验证。对相同种植与田间管理条件下的春小麦生长季田间土壤水分、土壤蒸发和叶面蒸腾量进行了预报,得到了较满意的结果。对模型主要参数土壤饱和导水率Ks、土表排水系数Wmax、净辐射Rn、风速Uz、饱和差D、作物叶面指数LAI进行了敏感性分析,得出这些参数对土壤水分运移的影响显著。应用该模型对西北干旱区内陆河流域山前绿洲灌溉农田的土壤水分均衡和作物根系吸水规律以及SPAC系统中土壤水分运移规律进行了模拟研究。 相似文献
14.
Photosynthetic responses of selected Antarctic plants to solar radiation in the southern maritime Antarctic 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of UV-B exclusion and enhancement of solar radiation on photosynthesis of the two phanerogams which occur in the maritime Antarctic, Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis , and the moss Sanionia uncinats were investigated. Data on air temperature and solar radiation illustrate a drastic seasonal variation. Daily O3 column mean values and UV-B measured at ground level document the occurrence of the O3 "hole" in the spring of 1997, with a concomitant increase in UV-B. The grass, D. antarctica , exhibited a broad temperature optimum for photosynthesis between 10–25°C while photosynthesis did not saturate even at high irradiance. The high water use efficiencies measured in the grass may be one of the features explaining the presence of this species in the maritime Antarctic. The net photosynthesis response to intercellular CO2 (A/ci ) for D. antarctica was typical of a C3 plant. Exposure to a biologically effective UV-B irradiance of 0.74 W M-2 did not result in any significant change in either the maximum rate of photosynthesis at saturating CO2 and light, or in the initial carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco. (Vc,max ). Furthermore while ambient (or enhanced) solar UV-B did not affect photochemical yield, measured in the field, of C. quitensis and D. antarctica , UV-B enhancement did affect negatively photochemical yield in S. uncinata . In D. antarctica plants, exposure to UV-B at low irradiances elicited increased flavonoid synthesis. The observed effects of UV-B enhancement on the moss (decreased photochemical yield) and the grass (increase in flavonoids) require further, separate investigation. 相似文献
15.
半干旱区植被风沙动力过程耦合研究：Ⅱ. 模拟 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
以我国北方半干旱区典型自然条件为模型输入参数,对生物量和风蚀量的动态变化和空间分布进行了模拟。模拟的主要影响因素有降水量、气温、土壤类型和风况等。模拟结果表明:生物量随着降水量的增加和气温的升高而增大,风蚀量随着大风日数和风速的增加而增大。随着半干旱区降水和气温的季节变化,生物量在初春最低、夏末最高;风蚀量则在春季最大、夏季最小。生物量和风蚀量有明显的相互影响,生物量的增加能够有效降低风蚀量。在不受其他因素影响时,生物量与降水量在空间上的分布呈现出一致性,在考虑气温因素后生物量的重心向气温较高处偏移。小幅度的地形变化对生物总量和风蚀总量的大小影响不大,但明显改变了它们的空间分布格局。 相似文献
16.
This article contributes to research on how climate change will impact crops in China by moving from ex-post empirical analysis to forecasting. We construct a multiple regression model, using agricultural observations and meteorological simulations by GCMs, to simulate the possible planting boundaries and suitable planting regions of spring wheat under RCP4.5 scenario for the base period 2040s and 2070s. We find that the south boundary of possible planting region for spring wheat spreads along the belt: south Shandong-north Jiangsu-north Anhui-central Henan-north Hubei-southeast Sichuan-north Yunnan provinces, and will likely move northward under RCP4.5 scenario in 2040s and 2070s, resulting in the decrease of possible planting area in China. Moreover, the sowing and harvest date of spring wheat in the base period shows a gradually delayed phenomenon from the belt: south Xinjiang - Gansu, to the Tibet Plateau. As a result, the growth period of spring wheat in China will shorten because of the impacts of climate change. These results imply that a variety of adaptations measures should be set up in response to changing climatic conditions, including developing the planting base for spring wheat, restricting the planting area of spring wheat in sub-suitable areas at risk while expanding the planting area of optimal crops. 相似文献
17.
基于甘肃省28个气象站点1967—2017年的逐日气象数据,采用Penman-Monteith公式和作物系数计算了小麦的需水量,结合美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法计算了有效降水量,进一步得出小麦缺水量,并分析了小麦需水量与缺水量的变化趋势和空间分布特征,探讨了小麦需水量影响因子重要程度。结果表明:1967—2017年甘肃省春、冬小麦全生育期的年平均需水量分别为517.03 mm和436.70 mm,年平均缺水量分别为468.24 mm和301.54 mm;在时间上,51 a来春小麦种植区内的需水量与缺水量整体上无明显的趋势变化,而冬小麦种植区内的需水量与缺水量整体上呈明显上升趋势;在空间上,春小麦种植区内需水量和缺水量大致由西北向东南递减,冬小麦种植区内的需水量和缺水量大致由西向东递减。甘肃省小麦生育期内日照时数和日平均气温是影响小麦需水量的主要因素。 相似文献
18.
William J. Carlyle 《The Geographical journal》2002,168(2):97-115
Changes in cropping patterns in the Canadian Prairies are examined from the early 1960s to the mid-1990s using census data. Patterns of change within the region are mapped by census division using averaged proportions of land in crops occupied by the main crops for three pairs of census years. Spring wheat and oat have undergone the most significant relative declines. Canola increased dramatically from being the sixth-ranked crop by area in the early 1960s to the third-ranked crop by area by the 1990s. The main change in the Brown soil zone has been a large decline in spring wheat and a compensatory gain in durum wheat. Increases in special crops, especially pulse crops, canola and durum wheat have offset a substantial decline in spring wheat in the Dark Brown soil zone. Barley, tame hay and especially canola have increased at the expense of spring wheat, oat and flaxseed in the Black and Gray soil zones. Prices, transportation costs, changing export markets, crop breeding and local processing all have contributed to these changes. 相似文献
19.
Seasonal stratospheric ozone depletion in the Arctic has raised the question of whether the associated increases in ultraviolet-B (290-320 nm) constitute a significant health risk in Arctic populations. Increases in skin cancer in Europe and the USA from excess UV-B resulting from ozone depletion have been predicted. Skin cancer is, however, rare in Inuit populations.
UV-B also causes a selective down regulation of the immune system which may be a natural regulatory mechanism evolved to prevent autoimmune attack on sunlight-altered skin. The action spectrum for UV-B immunosuppression implicated a unique skin photoreceptor molecule, urocanic acid (UCA), which isomerizes from the trans to the cis isomer on exposure to UV-B, the cis isomer being immunosuppressive. This form of immunosuppression is important in skin cancer and possibly in infectious diseases.
The epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma shows a relationship with UV exposure, postulated to be via the immunosuppressive effects of UV-B. Cancers which show an excess in Inuit populations include nasopharyngeal and salivary gland cancer. Genetic factors appear to be involved, but these are thought to be virally related cancers possibly associated with the high viral load in these populations. In several studies on non-Arctic populations, salivary gland cancer has been linked to ultraviolet exposure. A potential role for UV-B exposure in these cancers in the Arctic needs to be explored.
In view of the high levels of POPS in some Arctic regions, potential interactions between the immunosuppression caused by some of these pollutants and the effects of UV-B need to be investigated. 相似文献
UV-B also causes a selective down regulation of the immune system which may be a natural regulatory mechanism evolved to prevent autoimmune attack on sunlight-altered skin. The action spectrum for UV-B immunosuppression implicated a unique skin photoreceptor molecule, urocanic acid (UCA), which isomerizes from the trans to the cis isomer on exposure to UV-B, the cis isomer being immunosuppressive. This form of immunosuppression is important in skin cancer and possibly in infectious diseases.
The epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma shows a relationship with UV exposure, postulated to be via the immunosuppressive effects of UV-B. Cancers which show an excess in Inuit populations include nasopharyngeal and salivary gland cancer. Genetic factors appear to be involved, but these are thought to be virally related cancers possibly associated with the high viral load in these populations. In several studies on non-Arctic populations, salivary gland cancer has been linked to ultraviolet exposure. A potential role for UV-B exposure in these cancers in the Arctic needs to be explored.
In view of the high levels of POPS in some Arctic regions, potential interactions between the immunosuppression caused by some of these pollutants and the effects of UV-B need to be investigated. 相似文献