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为了探讨和揭示江汉平原晚更新世以来沉积物磁学特征和该区的气候环境演变规律,对新近发现的位于江汉平原东北缘的麻城剖面进行了磁化率样品的采集和测试与对应年代学分析,结果表明:(1) 麻城剖面沉积物质量磁化率值偏低,平均值为10.85×10-8 m3·kg-1,全剖面变化不大,为5.76×10-8~23.39×10-8 m3·kg-1,但频率磁化率波动较大,分布于5.35%~50.35%,平均值为24.71%,显示具有较高的超顺磁性颗粒(super paramagnetism,SP)含量;(2) 根据磁化率和频率磁化率曲线的旋回波动特点,结合年代学测试结果,将该区的古气候环境划分为7个不同的演化阶段.初步认为该区晚更新世以来沉积环境经历了由湖沼相沉积-湖相沉积-泛滥平原中的沼泽沉积环境的变化.气候经历了温湿-干冷-暖湿-干凉-干冷-温湿-干(旱)偏冷的阶段性变化过程,与晚更新世晚期以来全球气候变化特点具有较好的一致性. 相似文献
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腾格里沙漠西北缘青土湖中更新世晚期以来沉积环境变迁 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以腾格里沙漠西北缘青土湖钻孔ZK1为研究对象,通过对钻孔沉积物的光释光年代、粒度、磁化率等研究,揭示了该湖泊自中更新世晚期以来的环境变迁。研究结果表明：该地区中更新世晚期经历了干冷→暖湿两个阶段,晚更新世经历了湿暖→干冷两个阶段,与深海氧同位素的末次间冰期、末次冰期气候旋回特征吻合,全新世主要经历了干冷→暖湿的气候波动。反映了腾格里沙漠西北缘晚第四纪的气候波动变化特征,特别是为本区中更新世晚期以来的气候环境变化的研究提供了依据。 相似文献
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罗布泊AK1孔沉积物地球化学组成与古气候 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
通过对罗布泊东部阿奇克谷地中部AK1孔沉积物中易溶盐组分及氧化物特征的研究,综合沉积序列及岩性变化特征,初步分析了罗布泊阿奇克谷地晚第三纪以来的沉积环境及古气候演化。结果表明,阿奇克谷地第三纪晚期即开始出现成化湖泊沉积,易溶盐以SO2-^4、Cl^-、Na^ 为主,各离子含量最高;第四纪以来沉积环境与古气候均有明显变化,早更新世气候以干冷为主,中更新世易溶盐组分中各离子浓度明显降低,以Cl^-降低最显著,气候转为温湿;中更新世晚期气候湿润,湖相沉积范围扩大,为罗布泊湖的一次大发展期;晚更新世以来湖泊环境波 相似文献
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对冀中坳陷HS1钻孔沉积物进行粒度分析,综合岩性、年代、生物标志等,探讨了3.5 Ma BP以来以冀中坳陷为代表的华北平原坳陷区的岩相古地理演化过程。结果表明,在新构造运动长期震荡式下降和气候不断变化的条件下,经流水作用改造依次经历了河流相与不稳定浅湖洼地相交替(上新世晚期)、河流相(早更新世)、河流相-片流相-短时洪泛相(中更新世)、河流相和泛滥平原相交替(晚更新世)、泛滥平原相(全新世)5个沉积演化阶段,且沉积物所处环境的水动力条件不断减弱,细颗粒组分不断增加。沉积物粒度颗粒组分含量与碳、氧同位素和孢粉所记录的气候变化具有同趋性,在寒冷干旱气候条件下细颗粒组分含量增加,而在温暖湿润的气候条件下粗颗粒组分含量增加;介于二者之间的气候条件下,沉积物的粒径变化较平缓,粒径区间范围较宽。粒度曲线反映的沉积环境的旋回性变化与孢粉、碳、氧同位素记录所划分的气候冷暖演化阶段耦合性较好,也与华北地区其他钻孔同时期相关记录较一致,这对重建区域古地理环境具有重要意义。 相似文献
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在安乡凹陷东南部两护村新施工揭穿第四系的ZKC1孔,孔内第四系为河流和湖泊沉积,地层组成自下而上依次为上新世—早更新世华田组、早更新世汨罗组、中更新世早期—中期洞庭湖组、晚更新世坡头组以及全新统等。对钻孔岩心进行了系统的主量元素及磁化率分析,进而从陆相沉积物化学风化指数(CWI)与温度和湿度正相关、磁化率与温度和湿度负相关的理论出发,探讨洞庭盆地第四纪气候演变。结合其他资料,CWI曲线特征指示洞庭盆地第四纪气候演变过程:早更新世为冷干→暖湿→冷干→暖湿,中更新世为冷干→暖湿→冷干—温湿→暖湿,晚更新世为寒冷→温湿→寒冷,全新世总体为温湿-暖湿。这一结论与ZKC1孔孢粉组合特征反映的气候演变过程及中国东部第四纪气候演化基本吻合,说明沉积物CWI对第四纪气候演变具有较好的响应。变化曲线及相关系数(-0.32)表明磁化率值与CWI值呈较明显的负相关,暗示温度和湿度对磁化率具有明显的控制作用。但可能受盆地升降等因素的影响叠加,磁化率曲线未能如CWI一样明确反映出第四纪气候的阶段性变化。 相似文献
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黄河源区第四纪地质研究的新进展 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
通过对黄河源区的钻孔、自然露头的研究, 建立了黄河源区的第四纪地层层序。第四纪地层可划分为下更新统、中更新统、上更新统和全新统。下更新统为河湖相沉积; 中更新统主要有湖积物、冰碛物和冰水沉积物; 上更新统主要有湖积物、冰碛物、冰水沉积物、洪积物和河流沉积物; 全新统主要由河流沉积物、洪积物和湖积物构成。黄河源区的冰期可划分为3期, 即末次冰期、倒数第二次冰期、倒数第三次冰期, 末次冰期又可分为2个冰阶。黄河源区的湖泊演化可划分为早更新世、中更新世和晚更新世—全新世3个阶段: 早更新世的湖泊范围小; 中更新世的湖泊范围明显扩大, 在位置上也较早更新世的湖泊南移; 晚更新世的湖泊经历了两次的扩张—收缩变化, 到了全新世, 除现今还发育的几个湖泊外, 大多数地区的湖水已退出, 基本上转变为河流环境。在晚更新世末期到全新世初期, 封闭黄河源区的多石峡被切开, 湖水外泄, 现今的黄河形成了, 同时发生了袭夺长江水系的水流。 相似文献
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晚更新世晚期以来滇西北高原的孢粉记录与我国南方石笋记录的气候变化对比研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运用古气候参数方法对滇西北高原YXL剖面进行孢粉分析,结合定年数据,重建了该地区晚更新世晚期以来的植被变化和气候变化并与我国南方石笋记录等进行对比分析。研究表明:从大约31570cal.yrBP以来,滇西北高原总体经历了温凉偏干-冷干-略转暖湿-冷干-转暖增湿-冷干-转为暖湿-温和偏干-温凉偏干的气候变化历程,其间多有反复;YXL剖面孢粉记录与董哥洞、葫芦洞石笋记录在古气候变化大趋势上基本一致,对H2、H1、YD、MWP、LIA等气候事件反映明显;YXL剖面孢粉记录中全新世大暖期升温增湿的速度慢于石笋记录和冰芯记录,其干冷气候期持续时间较长,这些特点均与高原环境有关,并受到青藏高原的影响,具有一定的区域性意义。 相似文献
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珠江三角洲陈村钻孔剖面沉积特征及有机碳同位素古环境意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
陈村剖面位于佛山市陈村镇。AMS14C及OSL测年结果显示,剖面自晚更新世中晚期以来开始沉积,结束于全新世晚期,由老至新经历了河流相—河口湾相—三角洲相沉积环境。根据有机碳同位素曲线变化特征,结合孢粉、有孔虫等鉴定结果及沉积环境综合分析,将剖面划分为4个演化阶段:1晚更新世,34.15~24.5ka BP,属河流相沉积环境,δ13Corg平均值为-28.13‰,对应MIS 3期冷—稍湿气候,期间小幅波动;2晚更新世—全新世早期,24.5~9ka BP,属河流相沉积环境,δ13Corg平均值为-29.8‰,对应MIS 2期干冷气候及全新世早期温—干气候,YD事件得以记录;3全新世早—中期,9~6.7ka BP,属于河口湾—三角洲相沉积环境,δ13Corg平均值为-27.97‰,变化幅度小,对应暖—湿气候;4全新世中—晚期,6.7~0.44ka BP,属于三角洲相沉积环境,δ13Corg平均值为-26.94‰,变化幅度大,冷暖变化显著,气候特征为热湿—偏凉—暖干。 相似文献
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J. E. Ortiz T. Torres Y. Yanes C. Castillo J. De La Nuez M. Ibez M. R. Alonso 《第四纪科学杂志》2006,21(3):287-306
Aminochronological and aminostratigraphical methods have been used to study the Quaternary aeolian deposits from the islands located east of the Canary Archipelago (Fuerteventura and Lanzarote islands and La Graciosa, Montaña Clara and Alegranza islets). The extent of racemisation/epimerisation of four amino acids (isoleucine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine and glutamic acid) was measured in land snail shells of the genus Theba. The age calculation algorithms of these amino acids have been determined to permit the numerical dating of these deposits. Eight Aminozones, each defining dune/palaeosol‐formation episodes, have been distinguished and dated at 48.6 ± 6.4, 42.5 ± 6.0, 37.8 ± 4.6, 29.4 ± 4.8, 22.4 ± 4.5, 14.9 ± 3.6, 11.0 ± 4.0 and 5.4 ± 1.1 ka BP, the first five of them defining cycles of 5–7 ka. The alternation of palaeosols and aeolian deposits, which are related to abrupt transitions from humid to arid conditions, are the reflection of globally induced changes in North Africa palaeoenvironmental conditions linked to the effect of African palaeomonsoons on the trade winds and the Saharan Air Layer. Probably these aeolian cycles, with a recurrence period of 5–7 ka, are the expression of multiples of the ～2.4 ka solar‐cycle. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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对芬兰斜长岩中斜长石的宏观和微观观测显示,无晕彩的斜长石包裹体不发育,有晕彩的斜长石发育定向排列的针状包裹体。依据斜长石中包裹体的发育程度,可将包裹体分为两类:密集型包裹体(35～50条/mm)和稀疏型包裹体(25～35条/mm)。发育密集型包裹体的斜长石的晕彩以蓝色为主,发育稀疏型包裹体的斜长石的晕彩以红色或橙红色为主。电子探针、扫描电镜和激光拉曼光谱的分析结果表明,该晕彩斜长石中的所有包裹体在成分上一致,均为磁铁矿,有晕彩的斜长石和无晕彩的斜长石的成分也一致。这表明该斜长岩中的斜长石是否具有晕彩与斜长石的成分、包裹体的成分及斜长石的双晶发育程度无关,而与包裹体的发育程度有关。斜长石和其中定向排列的磁铁矿针状包裹体类似于光学中的光栅效应,斜长石中晕彩的出现可能是光栅衍射和干涉造成的。 相似文献
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During the period from 1967 through 1972, a sampling programme was completed to determine the economic potential of heavy metals in the beach and river sands of the southern California coastal zone. These samples were employed to test the hypothesis that sand composition in a given beach cell is dominantly controlled by the provenance draining into that cell and is not strongly influenced by longshore leakage from upcurrent cells. Sample sets obtained before and after the exceptional flood of 1969 made it possible to compare the sediment supplied by normal river flow with that supplied by a major flood. Multivariate statistical analysis of the heavy mineral distribution of southern California beaches and rivers indicate that the sand composition of the two northern cells is controlled by the dominantly sedimentary Transverse Range provenance, whereas the composition of the three southern cells is controlled by the dioritic Peninsular Ranges. Some leakage occurs between the two northern cells around the Point Dume-Hueneme-Mugu Canyon Zone, whereas no important southward mixing occurs between cells around the Palos Verdes-Redondo Canyon Zone. Even though the Santa Clara River flows mostly through sedimentary terrains, samples from this river strongly reflect the granodioritic source present in its headlands. Although the basic sand composition within each cell persists during major flooding, leakage between cells may increase following flooding and the compositional packages present may show evidence of greater mixing. 相似文献
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KIEFFER BRUNO; ARNDT NICHOLAS; LAPIERRE HENRIETTE; BASTIEN FLORENCE; BOSCH DELPHINE; PECHER ARNAUD; YIRGU GEZAHEGN; AYALEW DEREJE; WEIS DOMINIQUE; JERRAM DOUGAL A.; KELLER FRANCINE; MEUGNIOT CLAUDINE 《Journal of Petrology》2004,45(4):793-834
The Ethiopian plateau is made up of several distinct volcaniccentres of different ages and magmatic affinities. In the NE,a thick sequence of 30 Ma flood basalts is overlain by the 30Ma Simien shield volcano. The flood basalts and most of thisshield volcano, except for a thin veneer of alkali basalt, aretholeiitic. In the centre of the province, a far thinner sequenceof flood basalt is overlain by the 22 Ma Choke and Guguftu shieldvolcanoes. Like the underlying flood basalts, these shieldsare composed of alkaline lavas. A third type of magma, whichalso erupted at 30 Ma, is more magnesian, alkaline and stronglyenriched in incompatible trace elements. Eruption of this magmawas confined to the NE of the province, a region where the lavaflows are steeply tilted as a result of deformation contemporaneouswith their emplacement. Younger shields (e.g. Mt Guna, 10·7Ma) are composed of Si-undersaturated lavas. The three maintypes of magma have very different major and trace element characteristicsranging from compositions low in incompatible elements in thetholeiites [e.g. 10 ppm La at 7 wt % MgO (=La7), La/Yb = 4·2],moderate in the alkali basalts (La7 = 24, La/Yb = 9·2),and very high in the magnesian alkaline magmas (La7 = 43, La/Yb= 17). Although their Nd and Sr isotope compositions are similar,Pb isotopic compositions vary considerably; 206Pb/204Pb variesin the range of 相似文献
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南岭东段早侏罗世沉积岩碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义——以东坑盆地为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
印支造山运动是华南早中生代最重要的构造-岩浆事件,它在很大程度上影响了华南现今的地形和地貌特点。本文研究了南岭东段赣南早侏罗世东坑火山岩盆地沉积岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb年代,获得最显著的年龄峰值为196Ma、238Ma、364Ma和427Ma,表明该沉积岩并不是外来的震旦纪-寒武纪变质岩,而是早侏罗世裂谷火山盆地的沉积物。缺乏260～290Ma的锆石年龄,很可能反映物质为近源来源。通过与闽西南晚三叠世和华南内陆中-晚二叠世沉积砂岩中碎屑锆石年龄谱对比,反映华南印支早期(290～260Ma)岩浆活动主体在东南沿海地区,晚期(240～200Ma)主体发育在内陆地区。大量印支期侵入岩锆石的出现也很可能表明华南内陆印支造山带在～190Ma已经经历了相当程度的垮塌。 相似文献
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通过崆岭杂岩中角闪岩类的年代学和地球化学研究,以揭示黄陵结晶基底的形成及演化。崆岭杂岩主要由太古代的TTG片麻岩和角闪岩类岩石,以及早元古代孔兹岩系组成,角闪岩类以围岩或包体的形式存在于TTG片麻岩的周围和内部。角闪岩类围岩的全岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄为2 998.9 Ma,原生岩浆锆石的U-Pb年龄为3 013 Ma,均代表角闪岩类原岩的形成时间,且与包体状斜长角闪岩原岩的年龄(3.0 Ga)相同。说明以围岩或包体存在的角闪岩类,其原岩的形成年龄均为3.0 Ga。微量元素和Nd同位素地球化学特征指示,角闪岩类原岩形成的构造环境为大陆初始裂谷环境。角闪岩类岩石中变质新生锆石的U-Pb年龄为2 043 Ma,指示黄陵地区存在第Ⅲ期(2.1～1.9 Ga)角闪岩相热变质事件,且该期热变质作用将松散的陆源碎屑岩等变质为孔兹岩系,从而构成早元古代结晶基底,并与晚太古代稳定陆块焊结在一起,最终完成整个黄陵结晶基底的形成。 相似文献
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Radiocarbon dates of organic alluvium beneath as much as 40 m of dune sand along the Dismal River have led to the suggestion that the Nebraska Sandhills date from the Holocene rather than the last glacial period. On the other hand, the basal layers of lake and marsh deposits in interdune depressions at three localities date in the range of 9000 to 12,000 yr B.P., implying a pre-Holocene age for the sand dunes. A pollen diagram for one of these sites, Swan Lake, indicates prairie vegetation throughout the last 9000 yr, with no suggestion that the landscape was barren enough to permit the shaping of the massive dunes characterizing the area. Sand was not transported across the site during the Holocene, either during the marsh phase, which lasted until 3700 yr B.P., or during the subsequent lake phase. The sand that buries the alluvium along the Dismal River may represent only local eolian activity, or it may indicate that the younger of the two main dune series identified by H. T. U. Smith (1965, Journal of Geology73, 557–578) is Holocene in age, and the older one Late Wisconsin in age. 相似文献
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A. I. Efimov I. V. Chashei M. K. Bird L. N. Samoznaev D. Plettemeier 《Astronomy Reports》2005,49(6):485-494
The results of several sets of measurements of the frequency of radio signals during coronal-sounding experiments carried out from 1991 to 2000 using the ULYSSES and GALILEO spacecraft are presented and analyzed. The S-band signals (carrier frequency f = 2295 MHz) were received at the three 70-m widely spaced ground stations of the NASA Deep Space Network. As a rule, the frequency-fluctuation spectra at frequencies above 1 mHz are power-laws. At small heliocentric distances, R < 10R⊙ (R⊙ is the solar radius), the spectral index is close to zero; this corresponds to a spectral index for the one-dimensional turbulence spectrum p1 = 1. The index of the frequency-fluctuation spectra in the region of the supersonic solar wind at distances R > 30 R⊙ is between 0.5 and 0.7 (p1 = 1.5–1.7). The results demonstrate a substantial difference between the turbulence regimes in these regions: in the region of the established solar wind, the power-law spectra are determined by nonlinear cascade processes that pump energy from the outer turbulence scale to the small-scale part of the spectrum, whereas such cascade processes are absent in the solar wind acceleration region. Near the solar minimum, the change in the turbulence regime of the fast, high-latitude solar wind occurs at greater distances than for the slow, low-latitude solar wind. Spectra with a sharp cutoff at high frequencies have been detected for the first time. Such spectra are observed only at R < 10 R⊙ and at sufficiently low levels of the electron density fluctuations. The measured cutoff frequencies are between 10 and 30 mHz; the cutoff frequency tends to increase with heliocentric distance. The variance of the plasma-density fluctuations has been estimated for the slow, low-latitude solar wind. These estimates suggest that the relative fluctuation level at distances 7 R⊙ < R < 30 R⊙ does not depend on heliocentric distance. The cross correlation of the frequency fluctuations recorded at widely spaced ground stations increases with the index of the frequency-fluctuation spectrum. At distances R ≈ 10 R⊙, the rate of temporal changes in irregularities on the scale of several thousand kilometers is less than or comparable to the solar wind velocity. 相似文献