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1.
For horizontal directional drilling crossing project, pumping pressure is a key factor that influences the drilling efficiency and the stability of borehole wall. There are nevertheless many theoretical difficulties in calculating and analyzing the dynamic law of pumping pressure. This paper aims to resolve these problems based on construction features and rheological theory. The power-law fluid model is adopted to describe rheological properties of drilling fluid. In order to prevent blowout from occurring in the drilling process, the maximum allowable mud pressure at different reaming stages is calculated by numerical method under condition of complicated geological structure. The borehole pressure must be greater than minimum required mud pressure which is achieved by hydrodynamic calculation method, only meet this condition can it transport the cuttings to the ground surface. Moreover, the pressure loss in the drill string, including loss in drill rod and loss through bit nozzles, is also calculated by newly derived equations. Finally, combining with practical engineering field data, the appropriate range of pumping pressure at different reaming stages is obtained through the calculation results of three types of pressure, which can help engineers minimize the occurrence of accidents and enhance the drilling efficiency. 相似文献
2.
莫116井区在水平井钻井施工过程中,面临着“缩、卡、塌、漏、喷、硬”等难题,为避免井下复杂事故、缩减钻井周期、降低作业风险,在该区开展了水平井优化设计与轨迹优化控制技术研究工作。通过井区已钻井资料论证分析,针对性地对井身结构和井眼轨迹控制提出了优化方案;根据前期实钻情况和钻柱力学分析,优化了水平井钻井钻具组合和钻井参数;通过优化泥浆体系,解决定向作业井段了井壁稳定性差、定向施工摩阻大、粘附卡钻几率高等问题。通过对上述研究成果的现场应用,实现了水平井优快钻井目标,二开定向段和三开井段平均机械钻速相比优化前水平分别提高27%、30%,其中M614等井实现了“一趟钻”完成了水平段钻进目标。 相似文献
3.
依兰矿区第三系上部的砂泥岩段,因泥岩的水敏水化作用及粗砂岩易坍塌等原因造成,区内钻孔孔壁极不稳定,经常发生粘卡钻具事故。为抑制泥岩的水敏水化,阻止泥岩水化和井壁岩石剥落,增强其防塌能力,在选择腐植酸钾做主剂的基础上选择CMC作降失水增粘剂,选择分子量为300万～500万、水解度30%的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作絮凝剂,以加速岩屑沉降,控制固相侵入,降低失水。在钻遇半胶结泥岩时,为防止缩径、坍塌,采用在泥浆中加入重晶石粉,把泥浆比重调整到1.15～1.20g/cm~3,利用泥浆液柱压力控制泥岩缩径和孔壁坍塌。通过实验及现场应用,为该区选择的KHM-CMC-PAM高聚物泥浆配方,能有效地防止水敏性易塌地层的粘卡钻事故,具有护壁防塌、提高钻效等技术效果。 相似文献
4.
盐岩在深部高温高压环境下具有很强的蠕变特性,在岩盐层钻井经常出现井眼缩径、卡钻等复杂事故。目前关于岩盐层井段安全钻进泥浆密度的计算方法主要适用于均匀地应力的情况,难以在非均匀地应力条件下应用。为此研究建立了三向地应力作用下盐岩和砂泥岩相互交错的复合岩盐层井眼蠕变缩径的三维有限元模型,并以塔里木油田羊塔克地区深井为例,研究了非均匀地应力条件下,复合岩盐层井眼随时间变化的蠕变缩径规律,得出了一定泥浆密度下岩盐层井眼在不同时刻的井径值。计算结果表明,安全泥浆密度有限元模拟值与羊塔克地区岩盐层井段实际采用的安全泥浆密度非常接近,验证了所建数值模型的合理性和计算结果的可靠性,研究成果为岩盐层井段的安全钻进提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
5.
针对渭北煤田下组煤底板超薄隔水层条件下,煤层开采过程中底板奥灰水害防治技术难题,依托渭北煤田韩城矿区桑树坪煤矿奥灰水害治理课题,基于煤矿井下近水平定向钻进技术,提出底板奥灰岩层顶部利用与注浆改造的防治水思路。(1) 考虑底板破坏带失去阻水能力的因素,结合突水系数法确定奥灰顶部利用与注浆改造的临界厚度,采取自工作面两端相向钻进的方式开展定向钻孔探查,依据探查情况,结合压水试验结果,确定钻孔注浆工艺及参数,分析注浆效果。(2) 采用地面三维地震、地面瞬变电磁探查采区低阻异常和构造发育情况,采用直流电法或瞬变电磁探查巷道工作面前方富水区,待巷道系统形成后,采用直流电法测深、音频电透视探查巷道和工作面底板下的富水区,采用无线电波透视探查工作面构造及煤厚变化情况。最后根据物探和定向钻探的探查结果,实施检查技术,综合评价带压开采的可行性。研究表明,奥灰顶部富水性弱,可作为相对隔水层利用,突水系数已降至0.073 MPa/m以下,为今后进一步完善《煤矿防治水细则》突水系数临界值的确定提供坚实的依据,确保了工作面安全回采,形成了修正的突水系数法结合“探查?注浆?检查”的奥灰水害防治技术体系,延伸了矿区安全开采下限。 相似文献
6.
龙凤山气田属于典型的裂缝性储层,钻井过程中漏失问题突出。该气田地层压力系数低、气层活跃、井壁稳定性差,固井难度较大。针对本区块特点,强化固井工艺措施,做好钻完井过程的防漏、承压堵漏工作,优选完井方法,采用变排量顶替工艺技术,开展低密度水泥浆体系优选研究,合理设计浆柱结构,有效地解决了固井过程中的漏失和候凝期间气窜等问题,保证了固井质量,实现了油层的有效封固,现场应用效果良好。 相似文献
7.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(3):167-178
Wellbore instability, particularly in shale formations, is regarded as a major challenge in drilling operations. Many factors, such as rock properties, in-situ stresses, chemical interactions between shale and drilling fluids, and thermal effects, should be considered in well trajectory designs and drilling fluid formulations in order to mitigate wellbore instability-related problems. A comprehensive study of wellbore stability in shale formations that takes into account the three-dimensional earth stresses around the wellbore as well as chemical and thermal effects is presented in this work. The effects of borehole configuration (e.g. inclination and azimuth), rock properties (e.g. strength, Young's modulus, membrane efficiency and permeability), temperature and drilling fluid properties (e.g. mud density and chemical concentrations) on wellbore stability in shale formations have been investigated. Results from this study indicate that for low-permeability shales, chemical interactions between the shale and water-based fluids play an important role. Not only is the activity of the water important but the diffusion of ions is also a significant factor for saline fluids. The cooling of drilling fluids is found to be beneficial in preventing compressive failure. However, decreasing the mud temperature can be detrimental since it reduces the fracturing pressure of the formation, which can result in lost-circulation problems. The magnitude of thermal effects depends on shale properties, earth stresses and wellbore orientation and deviation. Conditions are identified when chemical and thermal effects play a significant role in determining the mud-weight window when designing drilling programmes for horizontal and deviated wells. The results presented in this paper will help in reducing the risks associated with wellbore instability and thereby lowering the overall non-productive times and drilling costs. 相似文献
8.
煤矿可采煤层覆岩石膏体充填是提高资源回采量、防止村镇密集区地面沉降塌陷而采取的一种新措施。以济宁岱庄煤矿石膏体充填孔为例,介绍了该孔的设计、主要技术要求及钻进技术参数。提出了应用PHP—HPAN优质泥浆,以提高钻进速度;正确使用钻具组合,每100m测斜一次以防止钻孔弯曲等切实可行的技术措施。从泥浆配制、焊接、下管、管路加工及安装的质量检验角度,详细介绍了成井的技术要点,并对固井作业中的冲孔、制浆和泵浆几个过程进行了说明。 相似文献
9.
川藏铁路林康段DZ深021孔系构造勘察孔,地层非常复杂。钻探施工中出现了涌水、涌砂,掉块、缩径等复杂孔内情况。涌水携带破碎颗粒极容易造成孔内卡钻。同时孔内涌水稀释冲洗液,造成孔内压力失衡,加大了孔内垮塌事故,提高了钻孔的施工难度。通过研究和应用高密度冲洗液,平衡孔内压力,防止泥砂涌入钻具,使内管能顺利到位钻进。通过强抑制性低失水冲洗液的选择与配置,减少了泥岩的垮塌与缩径现象。通过采用加大钻头,增大环空间隙,使孔内岩粉能顺利排出,减低循环泵压,有利于断层泥段孔壁稳定。通过下入花管隔离等方法,分离出部分涌水量,减少了对冲洗液性能的破坏。通过强化钻进参数控制,减少了钻进中对孔壁的扰动,尽可能维持了孔壁稳定。最终钻进至设计孔深,达到了工程勘察的目的。 相似文献
10.
深井蠕变地层钻井液密度优化技术 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
深部地层盐岩钻井是钻井工程中的重大技术难题之一。由于盐岩性能的特殊性,当钻开井眼后盐岩蠕变,常造成井眼失稳、卡钻、固井后挤毁套管等事故,给钻井带来重大经济损失。结合山东胜科1井钻井工程,对深部地层盐岩及软泥岩等岩层的蠕变速率进行测试,采用三维数值模拟方法获得了盐岩及软泥岩的蠕变参数。并通过所获得的蠕变参数,对胜利油田东营区块盐岩及软泥岩井眼不同深度、不同钻井液密度下地层的蠕变速率进行了分析,获得了盐岩及软泥岩井眼许可钻井液密度。研究成果可以为钻井工程钻井液密度选用提供指导意义。 相似文献
11.
贵州地热井钻遇地层以灰岩和白云岩为主,夹杂泥岩、砂岩及煤层等不稳定地层,为满足井壁稳定及配合螺杆钻进工艺的需求,确定采用强抑制聚合物钻井液体系。通过正交试验确定了室内配方,并对配方的综合性能进行了室内测评。FT-1与QS-2协同作用可有效改善泥皮质量,白油润滑剂在1%加量时即可将润滑系数降低至0.2以下。其综合性能测试结果表明：该钻井液体系具有良好的流变性,抑制性强且润滑性良好。相比于无固相聚合物钻井液,井眼清洁能力明显增强,机械钻速提高了129%,漏失风险有所下降,取得了良好的实钻效果。 相似文献
12.
Abnormally high formation pressures are encountered worldwide, ranging in geological age from Cenozoic to Paleozoic, within
a depth range of few hundred meters to as deep as six thousand meters while carrying out exploratory drilling by E and P companies.
Several causes can increase formation fluid pressure i.e. rapid loading of sediments results compaction disequilibrium, thermal
expansion of fluids, compression and/or upliftment of strata by tectonic forces, generation of oil and gas from organic matter
and its volume expansion due to high thermal stress within the restricted pore volume in subsurface condition. Few global
examples on overpressure occurrences have been compiled in the paper with special reference to Bengal Basin. Emphasis has
been given on methodology and interpretation on abnormal pressure detection in Bengal Basin with a compiled data package on
generated curves (Geologs), charts, tables in a systematic way to understand the depth/stratigraphic horizons proved/interpreted
as proved or likely to be within transition and overpressure regime. The integrated analysis indicates that the wells drilled
in the east of Eocene hinge zone in the onshore and offshore parts of Bengal Basin have penetrated overpressure formation
within Miocene in the depth range of 2800 m to 5340 m and the mud weight used to control this overpressure zone was more than
2.0 sp gr mud. The generated Geologs can be used as reference to understand the regime of transition and overpressure, as
a valuable document for exploration drilling planning and monitoring. The generated model curve (modified using available
data after Hottman and Johnson, 1956 curve) using sonic departure (i.e. Δtob(sh) −Δtn(sh)) from drilled wells may be used as an additional tool to find out the expected formation pressure gradient and equivalent
mud weight in all future wells. The correlation of wells based on the trend of dcs and σ logs will be useful for predicting
transition and overpressure top provided all the parameters required for calculating dcs and σ log recorded smoothly during
drilling phase. The study has brought out the detail procedure to generate the pressure profile in the future wells. The generation
of pressure profile of a well prior to drilling has got immense importance in oil industry. The drilling of the well should
be done by maintaining the optimum mud weight generated from the pressure profile. In case, during drilling, formation pressure
is more than the mud pressure, resulted gas kicks or worse, blowouts of the well. Excessively high mud pressure can fracture
the formation and cause lost circulation. The oil and gas companies, worldwide, attributed 15% losses due to various problems
associated with drilling complications, mostly related to improper pressure prediction of a well. The losses include loss
of material as well as drilling process continuity, called non-productive time (NPT). The generation of accurate pressure
profile reduces drilling problems, cuts exploration and development costs and allows billions of dollars now spent on losses
to be better spent-building and replacing reserves. 相似文献
13.
在斜井钻进中,钻具基于重力影响会自然贴合下井壁,并与井壁产生静摩阻,滑动钻进中则进一步演变为托压现象,常导致工具面摆置困难、机械钻速降低、单趟钻进尺减少等问题;若活动钻具不及时,则有可能引发钻具粘卡事故,严重时可致单井报废。因此,降低摩阻、减缓托压已然成为安全钻井的重要环节。摩阻大小由钻柱自重在井眼轨迹法线方向上的分力和静摩擦系数来决定。在滑动钻进中,技术人员往往通过向泥浆中添加润滑剂或进行短起下（目的为修整井壁）等方式来降低静摩擦系数,从而达到降低摩阻、减缓托压的目的。由经典物理可知静摩阻大于滑动摩阻,因此,可以通过把静摩阻转化为动摩阻来减缓托压。通过摩阻成因分析、水力振动器作用机理及其在苏里格气田、玉门油田和大庆油田等多口井的现场使用情况来评价水力振荡器的使用效果,并通过玉门油田鸭K1-7井现场试验来分析水力振荡器使用中的注意事项。 相似文献
14.
在河北省开平向斜核部煤田普查区,由于煤层埋藏较深,地层易缩径、压力异常,给钻探施工带来巨大压力。2011年2月19日,本区ZK9-1号钻孔成功完成地质钻探任务,实际终孔深度1950.68m,为国内目前该区采用Φ50mm钻杆施工煤田取心最深钻孔。从设备选择、钻具选择使用及其抗拉强度扭矩校核,泥浆使用、压力平衡钻进、防斜措施等方面介绍了该孔克服深孔地层压力异常、泥岩蠕变钻孔缩径,一次成孔达到设计要求的施工经验,对类似地区的钻探施工有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
15.
在空气潜孔锤钻进时,孔口安装防喷装置可将高速返出的粉尘或泥浆导离孔口,防止喷向工作台而污染孔口工作环境。综合考虑ZMK5530TZJ60型车载钻机孔口工作台结构特点、配套的斜坡钻杆外形特征、钻进工艺特点以及装卸操作环境等因素,设计了一款适用于顶驱车载钻机的空气潜孔锤钻进用低压防喷装置。该低压防喷装置具有结构简单、安装方便;通过胶芯与钻具之间的过盈实现孔口密封,密封胶芯补偿量大,可密封外径变化较大的斜坡钻杆;可在加接钻杆时更换密封胶芯;设置了2个导流口,上返流体在此压降变化小,有利于排渣的通畅等优点。现场试验表明,该低压防喷装置能够有效密封粉尘泄漏、明显改善孔口施工环境,达到了设计的目的。 相似文献
16.
地面大直径钻孔可作为井下被困人员的逃生通道,是矿山事故造成人员被困井下时重要的应急救援方案之一。而常规大直径工程孔以泥浆正循环、多级扩孔工艺为主成孔,无法满足救援要求。着眼于大直径孔救援逃生目的,阐明包括精准透巷、优化孔身结构、高效成孔和安全透巷等四项成孔工艺设计原则;以此为指导,针对覆盖层钻进、二开基岩层钻进、下套管及固井具体施工情况,分析了全套管钻进、导向孔下导管钻进及集束式潜孔锤扩孔钻进、浮力法下套管及内插法固井等技术;借用巷道围岩松动圈及塑性区成熟理论,视透巷钻进所破坏的塑性区岩体为潜在垮落体,进行顶板稳定校核,提出了安全透巷距离及位置等关键参数设计选取方法,为地面大直径应急救援钻孔施工提供技术支持。 相似文献
17.
上海市东方医院（同济大学附属东方医院）青岛分院桩基工程,工程量大,工期紧,因上部存在填土、淤泥质土,地层条件较复杂。根据工程实际情况采用了旋挖钻机、冲击钻机、回转钻机成孔工艺,采取加长钢护筒、泥浆护壁等技术措施,有效解决了缩径、孔壁坍塌问题,保质保量按期完成了施工任务,取得了很好的经济和社会效益。 相似文献
18.
保德煤矿大盘区工作面采前瓦斯超前治理模式要求井下定向长钻孔能够沿煤层钻进3 000 m以上,针对现有技术装备在超长定向钻孔施工中存在滑动钻进困难、进水水路压耗大、有线随钻测量信号传输距离受限、冲洗液无法循环利用等问题,开发了煤矿井下基于螺杆马达水力加压和超长钻具正反扭转给进的滑动钻进减阻工艺、基于回转钻进倾角控制和侧钻分支的复合钻进轨迹控制技术,设计了低压耗进水水路系统、泥浆脉冲无线随钻测量系统和冲洗液净化循环系统,结合保德煤矿生产需要,完成了主孔深度3 353 m、孔径120 mm的顺煤层超长贯通定向孔。钻进效果表明:滑动钻进减阻工艺有效降低了给进力,显著提高了深孔滑动定向钻进能力;基于复合钻进的轨迹控制技术,保证了钻孔轨迹沿煤层定向延伸,并提高了钻进能力和钻进效率;泥浆脉冲无线随钻测量信号长距离传输稳定可靠,克服了有线随钻测量信号传输的局限性;井下冲洗液净化循环系统净化效果良好,实现了井下定向钻进冲洗液循环利用。研究成果对支撑煤矿大区域瓦斯超前治理、以孔代巷工程、水害防治及地质勘探等技术进步具有重要意义。 相似文献
19.
Chenyang Zhao Arash Alimardani Lavasan Thomas Barciaga Tom Schanz 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(4):781-800
This study investigates the ground movements due to mechanized tunnel excavation by applying two-dimensional finite element analyses. To assess the contribution of the compressibility and plasticity of the soil on the ground movements, different constitutive models are employed to describe the soil behavior. The influence of volume loss around the tunnel on the surface volume loss is investigated, and a quadratic correlation between them is proposed. Consequently, the empirical Gaussian distribution curve, which is generally used to determine the tunneling induced settlement trough, is improved by applying the proposed quadratic correlation between surface volume loss and tunnel volume loss. Furthermore, the settlement trough width parameter has been derived by a linear function of tunnel volume loss as well. The proposed equations are validated via a case study of centrifuge tests from the literature. The results show that the proposed modification enhances the empirical solution by having better knowledge on the model parameters. Additionally, tunnel overburden and coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (K0) are taken into account to study their influence on the tunneling induced surface settlements. Finally, global sensitivity analysis is applied to evaluate the relative importance of corresponding model parameters in terms of their influence on the ground movements. 相似文献