Early solar system aqueous activity: K isotope evidence from Allende     

Yun Jiang  Piers Koefoed  Olga Pravdivtseva  Heng Chen  Chun‐Hui Li  Fang Huang  Li‐Ping Qin  Jia Liu  Kun Wang 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2021,56(1):61-76

The alkali element K is moderately volatile and fluid mobile; thus, it can be influenced by both primary processes (evaporation and recondensation) in the solar nebula and secondary processes (thermal and aqueous alteration) in the parent body. Since these primary and secondary processes would induce different isotopic fractionations, K isotopes could become a potential tracer to distinguish them. Using recently developed methods with improved precision (0.05‰, 95% confidence interval), we systematically measured the K isotopic compositions and major/trace elemental compositions of chondritic components (18 chondrules, 3 CAIs, 2 matrices, and 5 bulks) in the carbonaceous chondrite fall Allende. Among all the components analyzed in this study, CAIs, which formed initially under high‐temperature conditions in the solar nebula and were dominated by nominally K‐free refractory minerals, have the highest K₂O content (average 0.53 wt%) and have K isotope compositions most enriched in heavy isotopes (δ⁴¹K: ?0.30 to ?0.25‰). Such an observation is consistent with previous petrologic studies that show CAIs in Allende have undergone alkali enrichment during metasomatism. In contrast, chondrules contain lower K₂O content (0.003–0.17 wt%) and generally lighter K isotope compositions (δ⁴¹K: ?0.87‰ to ?0.24‰). The matrix and bulks are nearly identical in K₂O content and K isotope compositions (0.02–0.05 wt%; δ⁴¹K: ?0.62 to ? 0.46‰), which are, as expected, right in the middle of CAIs and chondrules. This strongly indicates that most of the chondritic components of Allende suffered aqueous alteration and their K isotopic compositions are the ramification of Allende parent‐body processing instead of primary nebular signatures. Nevertheless, we propose the small K isotope fractionations observed (< 1‰) among Allende components are likely similar to the overall range of K isotopic fractionation that occurred in nebular environment. Furthermore, the K isotope compositions seen in the components of Allende in this study are consistent with MC‐ICP‐MS analyses of the components in ordinary chondrites, which also show an absence of large (10‰) isotope fractionations. This is not expected as evaporation experiments in nebular conditions suggest there should be large K isotopic fractionations. Nevertheless, possible nebular processes such as chondrules back exchanging with ambient gas when they formed could explain this lack of large K isotopic variation.  相似文献   

利用光变曲线估计猎鹰九号火箭末级的旋转状态研究     

苏向泽  汤儒峰  李荣旺  李语强 《天文研究与技术》2021,(2):203-212

光度观测是地基观测空间目标的主要手段之一,利用光度信息能够估计空间目标的相关特征信息。为了更好地了解空间目标的旋转状态,选取具有代表性的猎鹰九号火箭末级作为研究对象,由其光变信息研究旋转状态。首先利用云南天文台1.2 m光学望远镜获取猎鹰九号火箭末级的光度数据,再对目标星等进行斜距归一化,得到目标光变信息并分析目标星等随时间变化的曲线,估计大致的旋转周期,再由相位离散最小化方法计算会合周期。根据太阳、目标和测站之间的位置关系、惯性主轴指向、旋转轴指向、初始相位等因素,采用姿态旋转矩阵计算理论星等,利用最小二乘原则确定惯性主轴方向及初相角度、旋转轴指向。最后给出了猎鹰九号火箭末级的旋转周期、会合周期以及旋转轴指向等参数,为后续开展其他空间目标光度信息研究提供参考。  相似文献   

美国出口管制下中国外贸风险的省域地理差异     

姜辉 《地理科学》2020,40(10):1618-1626

从总贸易、出口、进口、外资和人员5个视角构建对美风险系数，测度和比较各省区市对美外贸风险的地理差异。结果表明：上海、浙江和福建与美国的进出口贸易规模最大，对美国市场的依赖程度最高，面临的综合外贸风险最大；河南尤其需要防范对美国的出口风险；海南、新疆、天津和西藏等需要加强从美国进口的风险管理；重庆除了需要防范对美出口风险外，还因为实际利用美资最多且依赖程度最大，亟需加强外资风险管理。宁夏和山西虽然从美国的引资规模不大，但是对美资的依赖程度最高，亟需提升外资多元化水平。从人员跨境流动风险来看，上海、北京和浙江面临的风险最大。中国各省区市在应对美国出口管制时应该加强外贸风险的识别和管理，针对不同的风险采取差别化的防范和化解措施。  相似文献   

乡土地理实践活动案例分析与应用——以“明光市女山古火山地质公园考察”为例     

孙玉林  陈荟 《地理教学》2020,(2):30-32

地理实践是地理科学的重要研究方法,也是中学地理学科的主要学习方式之一。中学地理实践活动应结合乡土地理资源,充分挖掘当地可供考察的自然、人文素材,形成丰富的乡土地理实践案例。本文以“女山古火山地质公园实践活动为案例”,探究乡土资源在地理实践活动中的应用。  相似文献   

黑河中游夏季昼夜水汽同位素特征及水汽来源分析          下载免费PDF全文

孟鸿飞  张明军  王圣杰  邱雪  杜铭霞  张亚宁  余秀秀  周苏娥 《干旱区地理》2020,43(2):360-370

基于2012年6~8月的实测水汽同位素数据及相关气象数据，对黑河中游夏季昼夜的同位素基本特征、水汽来源方向及潜在蒸发源地进行了研究。结果表明：空气水汽线斜率白天大于夜晚和水汽过量氘值白天大于夜晚，综合说明白天局地蒸发较夜晚强烈；夏季受西风水汽影响显著。其中，6月主要受西风水汽和北冰洋水汽影响，7、8月主要受西风水汽和东南方向水汽影响，且8月受东南方向水汽影响最为明显；水汽运移路径上下垫面地形和气压带移动会影响水汽后向轨迹高度，西北方向上水汽输送通道较顺畅，风速较大，有利于水汽的输送；水汽蒸发源地主要集中在研究区周围及以东、以北部，其次是西北部。绿洲是主要的水汽蒸发源地，其次是城市和河流，白天较夜晚局地蒸发强烈且面积大。  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地东南缘全新世气候不稳定性     

李想  苏志珠  马义娟  张彩霞  柳苗苗 《中国沙漠》2020,40(2):109-117

毛乌素沙地处于中国季风区的西北边缘,对气候变化敏感,是古气候演化和古环境变迁研究的理想场所。全新世气温回暖期,气候整体稳定但存在暖湿冷干的次级波动,不同类型沉积相组成的地层序列记录了全新世千年、百年尺度的气候不稳定性。对毛乌素沙地不同沉积序列的研究表明:(1)毛乌素沙地东南缘的沙漠/黄土边界带DLT、NB剖面粒度及Rb/Sr比值可作为气候变化的代用指标。>63 μm砂含量增加,Rb/Sr比值降低,揭示东亚冬季风增强,风成砂堆积,风沙活动加剧,气候干冷;反之,东亚夏季风增强,降水增多,风化成壤程度加大,气候暖湿。(2)毛乌素沙地东南缘沙漠/黄土边界带及低洼沟谷区年代概率密度函数的分析显示,全新世早期~8\^5 ka BP风成砂堆积,风沙活动加剧,气候表现为干冷;全新世中期8\^5 ka~3\^0 ka BP地势较高处古土壤广泛发育,地势低洼处发育湖沼相/泥炭层,但在6.0 ka BP左右存在气候转冷过程;全新世晚期3\^0 ka BP以来气候波动频繁。(3)毛乌素沙地气候变化与北大西洋冰筏冷事件、董哥洞石笋、季风边缘区湖泊、东部沙地等记录具有可对比性和相对一致性,反映出全新世千年和百年尺度上的气候变化主要受全球变化的影响,这对预测和模拟未来气候变化具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

游客-环境互动视角下旅游者目的地环境恢复性效应     

朱芳  苏勤  陶云  沈惊宏 《热带地理》2020,40(4):636-648

日常生活环境和旅游目的地环境都可以为个体提供恢复的机会，不同环境的属性特征导致不同程度的恢复。为了探究环境类型与恢复性效应之间的关系及停留时间的调节作用，文章采用问卷调查方式，利用配对样本t检验和混合设计方差分析相结合的方法，探讨游客在不同环境中的恢复性效应，并对这一现象提供心理上的解释。结果表明：1）恢复体验的4个维度（放松体验、心理脱离、掌握体验、控制体验）在旅游目的地环境中的得分均高于日常生活环境。2）掌握和控制体验维度在城市旅游目的地中的变化程度高于乡村旅游目的地，两种类型目的地的放松和心理脱离维度差异较小。3）随着在目的地停留时间的延长，乡村旅游目的地放松体验和心理脱离维度变化程度高于城市旅游目的地，两种类型目的地环境恢复性效应会相互靠近。因此，游客的环境恢复性效应不仅受到环境和目的地类型的影响，同时还与游客的适应程度有关，且受到其停留时间的调节作用。  相似文献   

Salinivibrio sp.YH4胞外丝氨酸蛋白酶EYHS耐盐性及生物信息学分析          下载免费PDF全文

武翠玲  宋英达  高慧芳  张廉芸  任晨霞 《盐湖研究》2020,28(1)

摘要：目的 探讨菌株Salinivibrio sp.YH4分泌的丝氨酸蛋白酶EYHS的耐盐性及结构特征。方法 明胶底物酶谱法分析EYHS的耐盐性。应用生物信息学手段对EYHS及6种耐盐的S8家族丝氨酸蛋白酶结构特征进行分析。结果 EYHS在4 mol/L的NaCl溶液中仍具有活性，属于耐盐蛋白酶。EYHS及6种S8家族丝氨酸蛋白酶分子表面的loop区等无规则卷曲所占比例较高，α-螺旋与β-片层则主要位于酶分子内部。EYHS分子表面酸性氨基酸含量较高，且具有弱疏水内核。多序列比对发现蛋白酶的催化三联体两侧存在高度保守的基序和保守的极性氨基酸及芳香族氨基酸，并存在多个保守的Gly与Ala。同源模建和表面电荷分布显示，α螺旋和β片层围成了蛋白酶的催化腔，EYHS活性中心包含由Asp32、His65与Ser215组成的催化三联体，且催化位点区域表面静电势为负。结论 上述结构特征可能有助于耐盐丝氨酸蛋白酶EYHS在高盐环境下维持其稳定性和适度柔性，并有助于其催化功能的发挥，为深入研究耐盐丝氨酸蛋白酶的高盐环境适应性提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

Identifying primary public transit corridors using multi-source big transit data     

Tong Zhang  Yicong Li  Hui Yang  Chenrong Cui  Jing Li  Qinghua Qiao 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(6):1137-1161

ABSTRACT

Effective public transit planning needs to address realistic travel demands, which can be illustrated by corridors across major residential areas and activity centers. It is vital to identify public transit corridors that contain the most significant transit travel demand patterns. We propose a two-stage approach to discover primary public transit corridors at high spatio-temporal resolutions using massive real-world smart card and bus trajectory data, which manifest rich transit demand patterns over space and time. The first stage was to reconstruct chained trips for individual passengers using multi-source massive public transit data. In the second stage, a shared-flow clustering algorithm was developed to identify public transit corridors based on reconstructed individual transit trips. The proposed approach was evaluated using transit data collected in Shenzhen, China. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed approach is a practical tool for extracting time-varying corridors for many potential applications, such as transit planning and management.  相似文献   

A case study on Landscape Component Niche based on Landscape Pattern Indices: Yanchi,Ningxia Province,China     

XiaoNing Zhang  XueLu Liu  Ghanney Philip  XiaoDan Li  QuanXi Wang  YaNan Xu  TingTing Hui 《寒旱区科学》2020,(1):22-33

Yanchi County is located in the agro-pastoral ecotone and belongs to the ecologically fragile area of Northwest China.It is important to study the evolution of landscape pattern to curb its environmental degradation.In order to intuitively show how the landscape pattern of the study area changes over time,Landsat Thematic Mappers(TM)and Landsat Operational Land Imager(OLI)data of 1991,2000,2010 and 2017 were used.This paper attempts to apply niche theories and methods into landscape ecology,and constructs a niche model of landscape components by using"n-dimentional hypervolume niche theory"and landscape pattern indices.By evaluating the spatial and temporal evolution of niche from the perspective of two-dimensional space to reflect the changes of landscape pattern in the study area over the past 26 years,new theories and methods were introduced for the characterization of landscape pattern.The results indicate that:1)The larger the attribute and dominance value of landscape components,the higher the ecological niche and the stronger the control effect on the overall landscape.2)The ecological niche of each landscape component was significantly different,just as its control effect on the overall landscape.3)The dynamic change of the ecological niche of each landscape component was different,with grassland,unused land and arable land always in a high dominant position,although the ecological niche of construction land and water area was always low.In general,the introduction of niche theory into the landscape ecology provided a new method to study the changes in regional landscape pattern.  相似文献