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Bujang B. K. Huat Faisal Hj. Ali F. H. Choong 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1527-1544
Residual soils occur in most countries of the world but those that occur in greater area and depth are usually found in the
tropical humid areas. This research examines the effects of loading rate of applied or net mean stress on the volume change
behavior of an unsaturated granitic residual soil. Three loading rates were adopted: fast, slow and extra slow loading rate.
It was observed that the loading rate of applied or net mean stress has a pronounced effect on the void ratio and degree of
saturation but has an insignificant effect on the water content of residual soils subjected to constant matric suction. 相似文献
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提出一种多向荷载作用下层状地基中刚性桩筏基础的计算方法。基于剪切位移法,采用传递矩阵形式分析了竖向荷载下桩顶面-桩顶面相互作用;引入修正桩侧地基模量,采用有限差分法分析了水平荷载下桩顶面-桩顶面相互作用;基于层状弹性半空间理论,分析了多向荷载下桩顶面-土表面、土表面-桩顶面、土表面-土表面的相互作用关系。建立了桩土体系柔度矩阵,得到了多向荷载下层状地基中刚性桩筏基础的受力和变形的关系以及桩的内力和变形沿桩身分布规律。通过与有限元对比,验证了该方法的合理性和修正地基模量的优越性,并对多向荷载作用下的桩筏基础进行了计算分析,计算结果表明,水平力将会引起桩筏基础的倾斜。 相似文献
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A novel particle based Bluff Morphology Model (BMM) developed by the authors is extended in this paper to investigate the effect of two dimensional seepage on the stability and collapse of soil slopes and levees. To incorporate the seepage in the model, Darcy’s law is applied to the interactions among neighbouring soil particles and ghost particles are introduced along the enclosed soil boundary so that no fluid crosses the boundary. The contribution of partially saturated soils and matric suction, as well as the change in hydraulic conductivity due to seepage, are predicted well by the present model. The predicted time evolution of slope stability and seepage induced collapse are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results for homogeneous non-cohesive sand and multiple layered cohesive soils. Rapid drawdown over a sand soil is also investigated, and the location and time of the levee collapse occurrence are well captured. A toe erosion model is incorporated in the BMM model, and the location and quantity of erosion from lateral seepage flow is well predicted. The interplay of erosion, seepage and slope instability is examined. 相似文献
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Erosion-creep-collapse mechanism of underground soil loss for the karst rocky desertification in Chenqi village,Puding county,Guizhou, China 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
Jianxiu Wang Baoping Zou Yan Liu Yiqun Tang Xinbao Zhang Ping Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(8):2751-2764
Carbonate rocks distribute widely in China. The total area of the carbonate rocks is about 3,430,000 km2, and the exposed area of the carbonate is approximately 13 % of China’s territory. In 2003, soil loss in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi provinces reached 179,600 km2, which is almost 40.1 % of the total area, causing rocky desertification. In this study, the erosion-creep-collapse mechanism of underground soil loss for the karst rocky desertification in Chenqi village, Puding county, Guizhou province is proposed. The mechanism occurs under the following geological environment: slope surface undulation, underlying bedrock surface fluctuation and thin and inhomogeneous soil overlying, overlying soil generation by bedrock weathering, underground karst development, and large groundwater depth and lying water table under the bottom of soils. The erosion-creep-collapse mechanism of underground soil loss in the karst slopes is explained as follows: power loss due to human cultivation activities that destroy the soil structure, hydraulic force formed by rainfall infiltration, wet–dry cycle generated by rainfall, erosion effect caused by rainfall penetration, creeping and flowing of plastic-stream soil, and collapse. The erosion-creep-collapse mechanism of underground soil loss has seven steps: disturbance of soils filled in underground karst cave by human activities, internal soil erosion and partial collapse caused by hydraulic power, internal free surface formation within the soil in the filled karst cave, internal soil creeping, soil pipe formation, soil pipe collapse, and ground surface collapse and filling. Soil loss develops slowly, and sudden transportation occurs by collapse. Soil loss can be explained by the proposed mechanism, and soil loss can be prevented by controlling soil collapse. 相似文献
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X.-S. Zhang J.-X. Wang H. Wong C.-J. Leo Q. Liu Y.-Q. Tang X.-L. Yan W.-H. Sun Z.-Q. Huang X.-H. Hao 《Natural Hazards》2013,69(1):473-489
Land subsidence is presented in many factors in different areas with urbanization. Internal soil erosion, owing to pumping confined groundwater during the deep foundation pit construction, has contributed to land subsidence. Four governing equations are presented to describe the process of internal soil erosion based on the mathematical–physical model. The finite element computation results, based on practical deep foundation pit engineering consisted of 8 layers of soil of Shanghai area, demonstrate that internal soil erosion will cause the increment of land subsidence and deformation and is related to the hydraulic gradient and the characters of the soils. 相似文献
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在弯道水槽中展开系列试验,研究水力冲刷过程中均质土岸坡冲刷崩塌输移与河床冲淤过程及其影响因素。该过程及变化特征可描述为:水下坡面侵蚀及坡脚淘刷导致岸坡失稳崩塌;暂时堆积在凹岸坡脚处的崩塌体加剧附近水流紊动程度利于其输运与分解;分解后较粗的颗粒随弯道螺旋流以推移质形式被输移至下游凸岸落淤,较细的颗粒大部分都随水流以悬移质形式被携带至下游出口;水流结构随岸坡及河床变形而调整;如此循环往复。试验成果进一步表明:冲刷状态下,试验材料黏性越小、近岸流速越大、作用时间越长,岸坡冲刷崩塌量及河床冲刷量都越大;同条件下岸坡冲刷崩塌总量大于河床冲刷总量,且河床相对冲刷率随岸坡冲刷崩塌量的增大而减小,数值范围为0.40~0.92。 相似文献
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A process called ‘piping’, which often occurs in the soil at dams, levees, and dykes, involves the formation and development of a continuous tunnel between upstream and downstream ends. The hole erosion test is commonly used to quantify the critical stress and the rate of piping erosion progression. The aim of this study is to draw up a model for interpreting the results of this test. A characteristic internal erosion time is defined and expressed as a function of the initial hydraulic gradient and the coefficient of surface erosion. It is established here that the product of the coefficient of erosion and the flow velocity is a significant dimensionless number: when this number is small, the kinetics of erosion are low, and the particle concentration does not have any effect on the flow. This finding applies to most of the available test results. Theoretical and experimental evidence is presented showing that the evolution of the pipe radius during erosion with a constant pressure drop obeys a scaling exponential law. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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软土中盾构隧道施工不可避免地扰动周围地层,进而引起地面沉降,沉降过大时将危及邻近建（构）筑物的正常使用和结构安全。全面理解盾构隧道施工引起的地面沉降的影响因素及对沉降的准确预测,对于减少施工环境危害十分重要。考虑盾构压重后,引入Mindlin解计算盾构下卧土层中的附加应力,采用单向压缩分层总和法计算盾构下卧土层的总固结沉降,由盾构掘进速度及停机时间确定附加应力作用时间后,应用太沙基一维固结理论计算在该作用时间内的固结沉降,应用Peck公式建立了盾构下卧土层沉降与地面沉降的关系,并以杭州庆春路过江隧道地面沉降的实测验数据对上述理论进行了验证。分析表明,考虑盾构掘进速度及停机时间的地面沉降计算理论基本合理;盾构掘进速度及停机时间会对隧道施工引起的地面沉降产生显著影响;在其他施工条件相同的前提下,提高盾构掘进速度和减少停机时间有利于减少地面沉降。 相似文献
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多元层状边坡土体风蚀速率与微结构参数关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
吐鲁番交河故城台地多元层状土质边坡由于风蚀而形成空腔的现象表明,不同类型的土具有不同的抗风蚀能力,抗风蚀能力的强弱是多因素影响的共同结果,微观结构是其中一个重要内因。风蚀速率是表征土抗风蚀能力强弱的重要物理量,研究运用风洞试验、微结构分析等手段揭示了风蚀速率与颗粒面积比、颗粒圆度、孔隙等效直径、孔隙充填比等微结构特征参数之间的良好对应关系;进而采用相关分析法分析并证实风蚀速率与各特征参数间的良好相关关系,应用回归分析方法建立3个试验风速下风蚀速率与单个参数和多个参数之间的回归方程,验证了微结构特征对土抗风蚀能力有显著影响,进而为土抗风蚀能力的评价提供了微观依据。 相似文献
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A small-scale pile has been developed in the laboratory to investigate the thermo-mechanical behavior of energy piles subjected to a significant number of thermal cycles. The pile (20 mm external diameter), installed in dry sand, was initially loaded at its head to 0, 20, 40 and 60% of its ultimate bearing capacity (500 N). At the end of each loading step, 30 heating/cooling cycles were applied. The long-term behavior of the pile was observed in terms of head settlement, axial force profile, soil and pile temperature, and stress in soil. The results evidence the irreversible settlement of the pile head induced by thermal cycles under constant load head. In addition, the incremental irreversible settlement that accumulates after each thermal cycle decreases when the number of cycles increases. The evolution of irreversible pile head settlement versus number of cycles can be reasonably predicted by an asymptotic equation. 相似文献
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水库蓄水对库底沉降影响的数值分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
抽水蓄能电站常采用沥青混凝土进行库底防渗护面处理,过快的蓄水速率和过大的蓄水水头可能导致库底护面开裂。以某抽水蓄能电站的上水库为例,用考虑Biot固结理论的平面有限元法,在依据沉降观测点实测资料优化确定地基土模型参数的基础上,分析了水库蓄水速率和蓄水水头对库底沉降量、沉降率及库底沥青混凝土应变率的影响。结果表明,蓄水速率对地基的最终沉降值影响不明显,而在蓄高水位历时内,地基的沉降增量和最大沉降率均与蓄水速率和蓄水水头有很好的相关性,沥青混凝土的最大应变率仅与蓄水速率相关。 相似文献
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溯源侵蚀是黄土丘陵区最强烈的动力地质作用。常导致沟头后退、坡脚掏蚀,进而引发崩塌灾害。文章通过对研究区崩塌灾害的统计分析,厘定出溯源侵蚀作用引发崩塌的典型类型为拉裂-倾倒型。该类型崩塌具有后壁陡直、粗糙、规模大、分布广、危害范围广,潜在危险性大等特点。分析认为溯源侵蚀引发拉裂-倾倒型崩塌是水力侵蚀和重力侵蚀耦合作用的结果。该类型崩塌的形成,主要是由于斜坡在地表水力侵蚀和重力作用下,坡体内拉应力分布区、剪应力分布区和强烈水力侵蚀区三个区发生了转化,经历了斜坡应力重新分布、拉应力的增大与范围扩大,剪应力状态改变与范围集中、坡顶拉张与孔隙水压力耦合作用下的崩塌体倾倒破坏三个阶段。控制和影响拉裂-倾倒型黄土崩塌稳定性主要因素包括:斜坡几何特征、土体物理力学参数及裂隙中的静水压力。随着土体含水率的上升,坡顶拉张裂缝深度加深,侵蚀凹槽深度加深,崩塌体稳定性逐渐降低。 相似文献
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分析了目前规范确定承载力的方法,认为其不足之处是没有对应明确的安全系数和沉降变形值,实际应用中存在硬土或低压缩性地基的承载力偏保守,而软土或高压缩性地基以及大尺寸基础的承载力会因沉降变形过大而存在风险。建议地基的承载力应由岩土的强度参数和变形参数对具体的基础进行地基的强度和变形计算,按强度和变形双控的原则确定其最大地基承载力,可以获得地基承载力明确的安全系数和沉降值,获得更为科学合理的地基承载力,能更充分地利用地基的承载力进行地基设计,同时安全也更具有保障性,有较好的工程应用价值。建议现场压板载荷试验用于反算地基土的强度和变形参数,而不是用于直接确定承载力,现场压板试验没有进行到极限状态时建议用最大试验载荷值确定土的强度参数,土的变形参数则对试验曲线采用双曲线拟合确定。文中还建议了简易的双控确定方法,便于应用,通过案例对方法予以说明。 相似文献
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岩溶塌陷发育机理模式研究 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
岩溶塌陷是我国岩溶区常见的地质灾害。目前,关于岩溶塌陷发育机理模式主要以力学分析为主。文章以岩溶塌陷过程为基础,探讨分析岩溶塌陷发育机理模式。依据地下水埋藏条件,土体分为包气带非饱和土体、潜水层饱和土体及承压水层承压性土体。根据“水-+土”相互作用,在包气带、潜水层和承压水层分别建立崩解作用、潜蚀作用和水力裂隙作用三种岩溶塌陷发育机理模式。 相似文献
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Collapsible soils are problematic by nature. They undergo collapse or sudden settlement or subsidence under a given stress when their water content is increased. Collapse is characterised by collapse potential expressed as ΔH/H x 100, where ΔH is collapse compression. The amount of stress applied and the water content at the time of collapse govern the amount of collapse. In other words, collapse potential depends upon the amount of stress and the water content. Loess and other wind-blown silts are examples of collapsible soils. This paper presents a parametric study on the collapse behaviour of a lateritic soil. Remoulded specimens of a lateritic soil passing through a 425 µm sieve were compacted in 1-D consolidometer or oedometer at a density of 13 kN/m3 for studying collapse under varied initial moisture contents and initial surcharge pressures. Collapse compression of the samples was induced by saturating the specimens with water contents corresponding to 100% degree of saturation. After collapse occurred, the 1-D consolidation tests were continued up to an applied stress of 160 kPa. Collapse behaviour was studied for the applied initial pressures (σi) of 10, 20 and 40 kPa and for the initial water contents (wi) of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Collapse compression and collapse potential decreased with increasing wi for all σi. 相似文献
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对上海环球金融中心（Shanghai World Financial Center,简称SWFC）实测沉降结果进行研究,分析坑底的回弹、沉降随时间的发展规律,并通过沉降推测上部结构刚度的变化情况。软土地区深埋桩筏基础沉降与加荷速率、基坑回弹、附加应力在桩长及桩下土中的传递、基坑降水与停止降水等多种因素有关。基础沉降-时间关系曲线并非理想的双曲线,即使是施工加荷速率相对稳定时。建筑物施工初始阶段沉降速率较小,与深基坑回弹密切相关,建筑物接近封顶时往往沉降速率较大,可能与附加应力传至桩端以下土中有关。沉降过程反映4.5 m的厚筏为弹性体,上部结构刚度对筏板刚度具有贡献性和有限性,上部刚度是随着施工的进程逐步形成。采用3种方法对SWFC进行沉降计算反分析,通过计算结果与实测数沉降数据进行对比得出,运用上海规范采取合适的经验系数（0.40～0.55）、考虑70%的水浮力,利用明德林解得出的计算结果与实测值吻合很好;深埋桩筏基础共同作用分析计算中不能过大考虑上部结构刚度的贡献。 相似文献