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G.H. Shi 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2014,9(2):80-96
Continuous computation and limit equilibrium computation are the two independent computations for practical rock engineering. For global stability analysis, limit equilibrium is still the fundamental method. For any numerical method, reaching limit equilibrium requires large displacements, discontinuous contacts, precise friction law, multistep computation and stabilised time-step dynamic computation. Therefore three convergences are unavoidable: convergence of equilibrium equations, convergence of open-close iterations for contacts and convergence of the contact forces of dynamic computations. This paper utilises mainly two dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and an available simple version of three dimensional DDA. The applications show DDA has the ability to reach the limit equilibrium of block systems. 相似文献
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Boundary setting method for the seismic dynamic response analysis of engineering rock mass structures using the discontinuous deformation analysis method 
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下载免费PDF全文 Large deformations and discontinuous problems can be calculated using the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method by solving time steps, and this method is suitable for simulating the seismic dynamic response of engineering rock mass structures. However, the boundary setting must be carefully analyzed. In this paper, four boundary settings for the DDA method are investigated. First, the contributions to the DDA equations for nonreflecting boundaries (including the viscous boundary and the viscoelastic boundary) are deduced based on the Newmark method. Second, a free‐field boundary is introduced in the DDA method with boundary grid generation and coupling calculation algorithms to accurately simulate external source wave motion, such as earthquakes. Third, seismic input boundary treatments are intensively examined, and the force input method is introduced based on nonreflecting boundaries. Finally, the static‐dynamic unified boundary is implemented to ensure consistent boundary transformation. The boundary setting method in the DDA method is discussed, and the suggested treatments are used to analyze the seismic dynamic response of underground caverns. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Analysis of the Dynamic Performance of an Underground Excavation in Jointed Rock under Repeated Seismic Loading 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Results from field observations of dynamic behaviour of an underground excavation have been compared with numerical studies of the rock deformation history. The field behaviour shows progressive accumulation of rock displacement and excavation deformation under successive episodes of dynamic loading. It is possible to reproduce the modes of rock response quite well using a Distinct Element model of the rock mass, but the way displacements develop is dependent on the joint model used in the analysis. It is suggested that, in rock masses subject to repeated dynamic loading, excavation design may need to take account of the prospect of repeated episodes of transient loading at the excavation site. 相似文献
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高地应力条件下地下厂房开挖动态卸荷引起的变形突变机制研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了高地应力条件下地下厂房高边墙变形突变的形成机制,认为地应力动态卸荷引发的围岩松动是导致地下厂房高边墙变形突变的重要原因之一。基于瀑布沟地下厂房高边墙变形突变的实测资料,利用理论分析和数值模拟,计算了高地应力准静态和动态条件下地下厂房开挖卸荷引起的厂房高边墙的水平向位移。与实测资料对比表明,在动态卸荷过程中,结构面的张开和滑移是引起地下厂房围岩变形突变的主要原因,而在准静态卸载条件下,这种结构面张开变形却并不明显。在实际工程中应考虑开挖引起的地应力动态卸荷效应,尽量减小每次开挖对围岩扰动,谨防引起变形突变甚至失稳破坏 相似文献
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考虑岩体劣化的大型地下厂房围岩变形动态监测预警方法研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
针对大型地下厂房洞室开挖后围岩力学参数发生劣化的事实,以及大型地下厂房允许变形无相关规范参考的缺陷,在分析地下厂房围岩失稳机制基础之上,基于强度折减法思想,提出大型地下厂房围岩劣化折减计算方法,建立围岩变形的动态预警路线体系。该体系应用屈服接近度指标确定围岩的劣化区域,折减劣化区域内的变形模量、凝聚力及抗拉强度值,在折减计算过程中依据围岩的变形、劣化区体积、释放能量三者之一发生突变作为围岩失稳判据,获得围岩失稳的变形预警值,并与现场变形监测值对比分析,从而实现围岩稳定状况的快速判别。地下厂房实例分析表明,该方法可为洞室稳定性判断提供定量依据,较好地满足了地下工程建设需要。 相似文献
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In rock engineering, the damage criteria of the rock mass under dynamic loads are generally governed by the threshold values of wave amplitudes, such as the peak particle velocity and the peak particle acceleration. Therefore, the prediction of wave attenuation across fractured rock mass is important on assessing the stability and damage of rock mass under dynamic loads. This paper aims to investigate the applications of the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) for modeling wave propagation problems in rock mass. Parametric studies are carried out to obtain an insight into the influencing factors on the accuracy of wave propagations, in terms of the block size, the boundary condition and the incident wave frequency. The reflected and transmitted waves from the interface between two materials are also numerically simulated. To study the tensile failure induced by the reflected wave, the spalling phenomena are modeled under various loading frequencies. The numerical results show that the DDA is capable of modeling the wave propagation in jointed rock mass with a good accuracy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):293-302
This paper presents a comparative study of two methods, Sarma's method and the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), for rock slope stability analysis. The comparison concerns the stability analysis of two classic rock slopes. The study shows that the DDA, which accounts for the block kinematics, provides a very different factor of safety as compared with Sarma's method. More realistic reaction forces around each rock block can be obtained by the DDA, including the thrust forces between rock blocks and the forces between the base and the blocks. The DDA's result shows two possible directions for the relative movement between two contiguous blocks at the initiation of slope failure. It also indicates that the limit equilibrium condition may not occur along the interfaces of rock blocks at the initiation of slope failure. The determination of realistic interaction forces around each block will be very important in rock slope stability analysis if nonlinear failure criteria are considered. 相似文献
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围岩压力是地下结构设计与施工的重要依据。新建京张城际铁路八达岭车站拟定备选方案之一的单拱超大跨设计方案中,最大的跨度近45 m。对于类似超大跨度的深埋地下结构,传统的围岩压力理论与经验计算方法都存在着明显的局限性,已经不再适用。而结合现场勘查资料和室内外试验成果的数值模拟方法,尽管可以得到相对精确的围岩压力计算结果,但存在着计算过程复杂、计算效率低下的不足。因此,在计算分析了多种传统围岩压力计算方法与数值模拟方法获得的围岩压力所存在差异的基础上,对Q系统的围岩压力公式引入跨度项进行了修正,从而获得了能够快速估算超大跨度深埋地下结构围岩压力的估算方法。最后对不同跨度工程的围岩压力进行估算,并与监测值进行比较,对比结果良好。该方法不仅可以为工程设计人员及现场工作人员提供设计计算依据,还可为相关研究人员提供理论参考。 相似文献
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岩体在块系构造状态下的动力传播存在块体和块体间软弱介质的非协调变形现象，对岩体结构的动力稳定产生重要影响。目前块系岩体的非协调动力传播响应研究尚不充分，导致不能进行有效的动力响应特征识别。通过试验对块系岩体非协调动力传播过程岩块动力响应特征进行研究，分别从动力传播速度、岩块加速度振幅衰减、岩块振动位移响应、岩块振动持续时间、块体动能显现、块体振动频域响应特性等方面对比纵波传播，给出块系岩体非协调动力传播的特征分析。通过分析可知，块系介质非协调变形运动产生的动力传播现象相比于纵波传播是一种低频低速波，并伴随着岩块的大位移运动，同时岩块振动持续时间较长，蕴含着动能与势能的相互转换过程，这些现象构成了块系岩体非协调动力传播的重要特征。该研究将为识别岩体非协调动力传播特征及块系岩体的冲击预警波动特征识别提供参考。 相似文献
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The high computational costs associated with the implicit formulation of discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) have been one of the major obstacles for its implementation to engineering problems involving jointed rock masses with large numbers of blocks. In this paper, the Newmark-based predictor-corrector solution (NPC) approach was modified to improve the performance of the original DDA solution module in modeling discontinuous problems. The equation of motion for a discrete block system is first established with emphasis on the consideration of contact constraints. A family of modified Newmark-based predictor-corrector integration (MNPC) scheme is then proposed and implemented into a unified analysis framework. Comparisons are made between the proposed approach and the widely used constant acceleration (CA) integration approach and central difference (CD) approach, regarding the stability and numerical damping features for a single-degree-of-freedom model, where the implications of the proposed approach on open-close iteration are also discussed. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by several benchmarking examples, and it is then applied to two typical problems with different numbers of blocks. The results show that the original CA approach in DDA is efficient for the simulation of quasi-static deformation of jointed rock masses, while the proposed MNPC approach leads to improved computational efficiency for dynamic analysis of large-scale jointed rock masses. The MNPC approach therefore provides an additional option for efficient DDA of jointed rock masses. 相似文献
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Yuzo Ohnishi Tomofumi Koyama Ikuo Hagiwara Shigeru Miki Testuya Shimauchi 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2014,9(2):97-112
This paper discussed the analytical precision on equations of motion in some practical studies that use 2-D DDA, 2D-Coupled analysis of NMM & DDA, and 3D-DDA. We point out the main reason for numerical instability in DDA is loss of the effective digits when superposing the global stiffness matrix under the variable conditions of large and the small blocks. Categories of analyses are distributed in 2D-DDA static masonry structures such as the Great Pyramid and the Pont du Gard, 2D-DDA dynamic rock fall problems and the sensitivity of its analysis on the velocity ratio and the penalty, earthquake response analysis of rock slopes, 2D-NMM, 2D-coupled analysis of DDA and NMM and 3D-DDA rock fall problem. The selected examples on the Great Pyramid, Pont du Gard and Bayon Temple at Angkor Thom are located in Egypt, France and Cambodia respectively as UNESCO world heritages sites. The authors evaluated the applicability of the methods and the reliability of the results by comparing different methods and site observations from the practical problems. 相似文献
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基于DDA方法一种流-固耦合模型的建立及裂隙体渗流场分析和应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以非连续变形分析方法（DDA）为基础并采用稳态流体计算方法将二者结合进行裂隙岩体流-固耦合分析。利用DDA方法生成裂隙岩体模型,在此基础上采用矩阵搜索等方法形成新的裂隙水通网络模型。采用稳态迭代算法和立方定律求得裂隙水压力,并把裂隙水压力作为线载荷施加到块体边界,在DDA算法中每个迭代步完成后更新裂隙开度和水压值,与DDA算法结合研究裂隙水与块体之间相互作用关系。利用以上裂隙岩体流-固耦合计算方法研究了某水封油库开挖和运行过程洞室围岩流量和密封性,为该工程预测水封效果提供了有益的主要依据,也是国内首次采用DDA方法做大型工程的流-固耦合模型分析。 相似文献
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The propagation of elastic P-wave in unfavorable geologic structures is a complex process which contains reflex, transmission, and refraction. In this paper, the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method is introduced, and the viscous boundary condition and stress wave input way are applied to enable the DDA method to simulate the seismic dynamic response of underground rock mass. The improved DDA program is used to analyze the propagation laws of elastic P-wave in joints and weak interlayer. The results show that (1) for a range of joint stiffness, the difference of transmission coefficient of joint surface between DDA calculation and theoretical solution is small; (2) the lower the joint stiffness, the more obvious the attenuation of the elastic P-wave is; (3) varied joint spacing and joint number play different roles on the attenuation of elastic P-wave; (4) the DDA calculation result is consistent with the theoretical solution for the transmission coefficient of interface; (5) the thickness and elastic modulus of weak interlayer will affect the interference effect of multiple transmission waves; (6) with the increasing weak interlayer thickness H (or a), the attenuation of the elastic P-wave is more obvious; and (7) the lower the wave impedance ratio of weak interlayer, the more obvious the attenuation of the elastic P-wave is. 相似文献
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When rock failure is unavoidable, the designer of engineering structures must know and account for the residual strength of the rock mass. This is particularly relevant in underground coal mine openings. Pre-existing discontinuities play an important role in the mechanical behavior of rock masses and thus it is important to understand the effects of such pre-existing discontinuities on the residual strength. For this purpose, the present study demonstrates a numerical analysis using a discrete element method simulation. The numerical results indicate that fracture intensity has no significant influence on the residual strength of jointed rock masses, independent of confining conditions. As confining pressures increase, both peak and residual strengths increase, with residual strength increasing at a faster rate. The finding was further demonstrated by analyzing documented laboratory compressive test data from a variety of rocks along with field data from coal pillars. A comprehensive interpretation of the finding was conducted using a cohesion-weakening-friction-strengthening (CWFS) model. The effect of rock bolts on rock mass strength was also evaluated by using a discrete element method model which suggested that rock bolts can significantly increases residual strength but have limited effect on increasing the peak strength of rock masses. 相似文献
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将地下洞室爆破开挖松动区视为一个随开挖过程演变的非均匀、非稳定三维扰动场,松动区内岩体力学参数则是一个具有时空演化特性的参数场。考虑爆破开挖扰动空间效应和岩体真实变形响应,提出了真实工作状态下开挖松动区岩体参数场辨识的位移反分析方法。基于局部监测变形空间插补得到的空间位移场,通过分析洞室爆破开挖围岩变形扰动机制,建立了开挖松动区岩体变形模量参数场数值演化模型,并进行了模型适用性和参数敏感性分析。在此基础上,以变形模量参数为例,结合围岩实测位移信息,提出了开挖松动区参数场位移反分析的动态实现过程。将该方法应用于溪洛渡地下洞室群施工期参数场反演和围岩稳定动态反馈评价及预测,结果表明,该方法合理有效,在大型地下洞群施工开挖与快速监测反馈方面具有显著的工程适用性及实用性。 相似文献