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1.
理解全球海平面变化具有十分重要的意义,它间接反映了地球系统中气候性相关因素的变化。本文基于一组海平面指纹和比容经验正交函数,联合时变重力数据和卫星测高数据反演了2002年4月至2020年2月的全球海平面变化,将全球海平面变化分解成南极冰盖融化、格陵兰冰盖融化、陆地冰川融化、陆地水储量变化、冰川均衡调整和海水比容效应这6个分量的贡献。联合反演结果显示,全球平均比容海平面变化为1.08±0.05 mm/a,与相关文献的结果相吻合。研究发现,联合测高数据和时变重力数据的反演方法能够一定程度上减弱GRACE Follow-On卫星时期海水质量变化被低估的现象。本文利用联合反演的结果研究了区域海平面变化,在大部分近海区域反演效果较好,这表明该方法可用于区域海平面变化的研究。 相似文献
2.
联合Argo浮标、卫星测高和GRACE数据研究海平面变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
卫星测高、GRACE、Argo等数据为监测海平面变化提供了丰富的观测数据,利用Argo数据计算的比容海平面变化,可以更加深入地理解卫星测高以及卫星重力获得的海平面变化。利用2004年1月至2010年12月间Argo浮标采集的温度和盐度数据,通过数值积分方法计算了65°S~65°N间的比容海平面异常,并通过最小二乘拟合得到比容海平面变化的长期趋势为0.63±0.45 mm/a,与Llovel得到的结果吻合较好。利用卫星测高数据得到该时间段内海平面变化趋势为2.52±0.71 mm/a,GRACE反演得到的海水质量变化引起的海平面趋势为1.84±0.13mm/a,结果表明海水质量变化成为引起海平面变化的主要因素。最后对联合卫星测高、GRACE得到比容海平面变化与相应Argo浮标数据计算结果的空间分布特征进行了比较。 相似文献
3.
Simulated estimation of hydrological loads from GRACE 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Four different basin functions are developed to estimate water storage variations within individual river basins from time variations in the Stokes coefficients now available from the GRACE mission. The four basin functions are evaluated using simulated data. Basin functions differ in how they minimize effects of three major error sources: measurement error; leakage of signal from one region to another; and errors in the atmospheric pressure field removed during GRACE data processing. Three of the basin functions are constant in time, while the fourth changes monthly using information about the signal (hydrologic and oceanic load variations). To test basin functions performance, Stokes coefficient variations from land and ocean models are synthesized, and error levels 50 and 100 times greater than pre-launch GRACE error estimate are used to corrupt them. Errors at 50 times pre-launch estimates approximately simulate current GRACE data. GRACE recovery of water storage variations is attempted for five different river basins (Amazon, Mississippi, Lena, Huang He and Oranje), representing a variety of sizes, locations, and signal variance. In the large basins (Amazon, Mississippi and Lena), water storage variations are recovered successfully at both error levels. As the error level increases from 50 to 100 times, basin functions change their shape, yielding less atmospheric pressure error and more leakage error. Amplitude spectra of measurement and atmospheric pressure errors have different shapes, but the best results are obtained when both are used in basin function design. When high-quality information about the signal is available, for example from climate and ocean models, changing the basin function each month can reduce leakage error and improve estimates of time variable water storage within basins. 相似文献
4.
本文利用2002年4月至2010年10月的Lageos1和Lageos2两颗激光卫星观测数据、GRACE以及地球物理模型三种独立的方法计算地球低阶重力场系数J 的变化,根据大气压强数据计算 J 时分别按反变气压计（IB）和非反变气压计(NIB)两种假设进行计算。通过分析 J 的季节特性表明,大气在NIB假设下得到的周年振幅比在IB假设下得到的振幅大3倍左右,相位相差47°;大气和陆地水的质量变化对 J 周年变化的贡献占主导地位,海洋的影响最小;大气、海洋和陆地水得到 J 半年振幅和相位值与SLR得到的振幅和相位值吻合较差,尤其是在IB假设下大气得到的结果与SLR结果相差最大; SLR、GRACE和地球物理模型三种独立方法得到的 J 周年项之间吻合相对较好,GRACE得到的周年振幅比SLR得到的周年振幅大50%左右, SLR观测得到的 J 周年振幅介于在NIB和IB两种假设下地球物理模型得到的结果之间;GRACE与SLR得到的 J 半年项的振幅相同,在IB假设下AOW得到的 J 半年振幅和相位与SLR结果差异最大。 相似文献
5.
利用GRACE、卫星测高和海洋实测温盐数据,探讨了2003~2012年间全球海平面、比容海平面和海水质量等的变化特征,并讨论了南极冰盖和格陵兰冰盖消融对全球海平面变化的影响。全球海平面整体呈上升趋势,上升速度为2.72±0.07 mm/a,且存在显著的空间分布特征。全球海平面、比容海平面和海水质量等的变化还具有显著的季节性特征,其中全球海平面变化的年周期振幅为4.6±0.3 mm。使用经验正交函数分析(EOF)得到全球海平面和比容海平面的季节性变化在南北半球存在显著的差异,但海水质量季节性变化不存在这种差异。南极冰盖和格陵兰冰盖的消融速率分别为-75.7±12.3 Gt/a和-124.1±2.9 Gt/a,对海平面的长期趋势项贡献分别为0.21±0.03 mm/a和0.34±0.01 mm/a,仅占全球海水质量增加速度1.80±0.10 mm/a的12%和19%,总计占31%,因此,两极冰盖质量消融并不是2003-2012年间海水质量增加的最主要因素。 相似文献
6.
We investigate global mean sea level (MSL) changes and different geophysical contributions at interannual and long-term (decadal) time-scales. Thermosteric effects of global MSL changes are estimated from ocean temperature anomaly data for the period 1955–2003 from the World Ocean Database 2001 (WOD01), plus additional data processed through June 2004. Estimates based on WOD01 show significant differences to previously published results based on similar temperature anomaly data from the World Ocean Database 1998 (WOD98), especially during the period overlapping with the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimeter mission. During this period (1993–2004), the WOD01-estimated thermosteric contribution of global MSL change is less than half of the estimate from WOD98 (1.3 ± 0.1 vs. 3.0 ± 0.6 mm/year), as compared to the rate of 2.6 ± 0.06 mm/year observed by satellite altimeters. The larger uncertainty in ocean temperature profiles and incomplete data collection in WOD98, especially in the later years (1997 and 1998) appear to be the major error sources to the overestimated steric effects by WOD98. During the entire 50-year period, the steric effect on global MSL change amounts to about 0.34–0.39 (±0.05) mm/year. Strong interannual and decadal variability exists in estimated thermosteric contributions to the global MSL change, and (surprisingly) the thermosteric effect does not show any pronounced contribution to the strong interannual variability during the 1997/1998 El Niño/La Niña event. Our analysis based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis atmospheric model and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction Center global land data assimilation system indicates that atmospheric water vapor and terrestrial water storage changes show strong interannual variability that is well correlated with observed global MSL change, and could have significant effects on interannual global MSL changes. 相似文献
7.
Attenuation effect on seasonal basin-scale water storage changes from GRACE time-variable gravity 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In order to effectively recover surface mass or geoid height changes from the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE)
time-variable gravity models, spatial smoothing is required to minimize errors from noise. Spatial smoothing, such as Gaussian
smoothing, not only reduces the noise but also attenuates the real signals. Here we investigate possible amplitude attenuations
and phase changes of seasonal water storage variations in four drainage basins (Amazon, Mississippi, Ganges and Zambezi) using
an advanced global land data assimilation system. It appears that Gaussian smoothing significantly affects GRACE-estimated
basin-scale seasonal water storage changes, e.g., in the case of 800 km smoothing, annual amplitudes are reduced by about
25–40%, while annual phases are shifted by up to 10°. With these effects restored, GRACE-estimated water storage changes are
consistently larger than model estimates, indicating that the land surface model appears to underestimate terrestrial water
storage change. Our analysis based on simulation suggests that normalized attenuation effects (from Gaussian smoothing) on
seasonal water storage change are relatively insensitive to the magnitude of the true signal. This study provides a numerical
approach that can be used to restore seasonal water storage change in the basins from spatially smoothed GRACE data. 相似文献
8.
介绍了GRACE重力卫星,并对GRACE重力卫星数据在陆地水储量变化中的应用现状进行分析,总结了GRACE重力卫星数据在陆地水储量变化检测中的数据获取、计算方法和精度分析,以及Grace数据在不同区域尺度陆地水储量变化估算中的应用情况,最后,指出GRACE在水储量应用中的不足和未来的研究方向。 相似文献
9.
首先利用重力恢复与气候实验（gravity recovery and climate experiment,GRACE）卫星重力、卫星测高和海洋温盐数据分析了2003-2012年间南海海水质量的变化特征,进而结合海洋和气象资料探讨了厄尔尼诺和南方涛动（El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation,ENSO）、净淡水通量、海水体积输送和陆地径流在此期间对南中国海海水质量变化的影响。研究结果表明,南海海水质量变化主要受海面净淡水通量和海水体积输送的联合调制影响,周边陆地径流对其影响有限。南海海水质量季节性变化显著,且具有明显的长期增加趋势;ENSO通过改变降水和黑潮自吕宋海峡流入南海的水量影响南海海水质量,使得南海海水质量存在着显著的具有ENSO特征的年际变化。 相似文献
10.
11.
Low-degree earth deformation from reprocessed GPS observations 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Mathias Fritsche R. Dietrich A. Rülke M. Rothacher P. Steigenberger 《GPS Solutions》2010,14(2):165-175
Surface mass variations of low spherical harmonic degree are derived from residual displacements of continuously tracking
global positioning system (GPS) sites. Reprocessed GPS observations of 14 years are adjusted to obtain surface load coefficients
up to degree n
max = 6 together with station positions and velocities from a rigorous parameter combination. Amplitude and phase estimates of
the degree-1 annual variations are partly in good agreement with previously published results, but also show interannual differences
of up to 2 mm and about 30 days, respectively. The results of this paper reveal significant impacts from different GPS observation
modeling approaches on estimated degree-1 coefficients. We obtain displacements of the center of figure (CF) relative to the
center of mass (CM), Δr
CF–CM, that differ by about 10 mm in maximum when compared to those of the commonly used coordinate residual approach. Neglected
higher-order ionospheric terms are found to induce artificial seasonal and long-term variations especially for the z-component of Δr
CF–CM. Daily degree-1 estimates are examined in the frequency domain to assess alias contributions from model deficiencies with
regard to satellite orbits. Finally, we directly compare our estimated low-degree surface load coefficients with recent results
that involve data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. 相似文献
12.
13.
本文利用卫星测高、GRACE与温盐数据监测2003-2014年红海海平面变化,并分析了蒸发降水以及亚丁湾-红海质量交换对红海质量变化的影响。红海地区单一的温盐数据存在覆盖不全或质量不佳的问题,综合CORA、SODA与ORAS4温盐数据估算结果得到平均比容海平面变化,以改善比容信号的精度。针对GRACE数据处理过程中截断与空间平滑滤波引起的泄漏误差,提出改进尺度因子纠正泄漏误差,利用卫星测高数据进行模拟实验验证了改进尺度因子的有效性。利用传统尺度因子和改进尺度因子反演的红海质量变化周年振幅分别为16.1±1.3 cm和20.5±1.7 cm,利用卫星测高和温盐数据估算的质量变化周年振幅为20.2±1.0 cm,表明改进尺度因子可有效减小泄漏误差的影响,改善GRACE模型反演红海质量变化的精度。卫星测高、GRACE卫星重力数据以及平均温盐数据具有较好的一致性,联合GRACE和温盐数据估算的红海综合海平面变化周年振幅为16.6±1.7 cm,与卫星测高估算的总海平面变化周年振幅(16.2±0.9 cm)基本一致,表明多源数据可构成完整的红海海平面监测手段。相比于降水-蒸发作用,红海质量变化受红海与亚丁湾的海水质量交换的影响更为显著,其主导了红海质量的季节性变化。 相似文献
14.
利用TOPEX/Poseidon卫星测高资料监测全球海平面变化 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
本文利用１９９３年１月至１９９９年５月的ＴＯＰＥＸ／Ｐｏｓｅｉｄｏｎ卫星测高数据计算了全球海平变化。海平面模型误差和不恰当的加权方法都会影响全球海平面序列的周年变化,潮汐模型误差对于季节性变化有明显的影响。利用两个高度计算的海平面变化存在周年变化存在明显的差异,利用ＴＯＰＥＸ高度计和Ｐｏｓｅｉｄｏｎ高度计得到的该时段全球平均海平面的变化率分别为２．０ｍｍ／ａ和－０．５ｍｍ／ａ。与南方涛动指数的比较 相似文献
15.
Thierry Meyrath Tonie van Dam Xavier Collilieux Paul Rebischung 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(11):1329-1350
Large-scale mass redistribution in the terrestrial water storage (TWS) leads to changes in the low-degree spherical harmonic coefficients of the Earth’s surface mass density field. Studying these low-degree fluctuations is an important task that contributes to our understanding of continental hydrology. In this study, we use global GNSS measurements of vertical and horizontal crustal displacements that we correct for atmospheric and oceanic effects, and use a set of modified basis functions similar to Clarke et al. (Geophys J Int 171:1–10, 2007) to perform an inversion of the corrected measurements in order to recover changes in the coefficients of degree-0 (hydrological mass change), degree-1 (centre of mass shift) and degree-2 (flattening of the Earth) caused by variations in the TWS over the period January 2003–January 2015. We infer from the GNSS-derived degree-0 estimate an annual variation in total continental water mass with an amplitude of \((3.49 \pm 0.19) \times 10^{3}\) Gt and a phase of \(70^{\circ } \pm 3^{\circ }\) (implying a peak in early March), in excellent agreement with corresponding values derived from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) water storage model that amount to \((3.39 \pm 0.10) \times 10^{3}\) Gt and \(71^{\circ } \pm 2^{\circ }\), respectively. The degree-1 coefficients we recover from GNSS predict annual geocentre motion (i.e. the offset change between the centre of common mass and the centre of figure) caused by changes in TWS with amplitudes of \(0.69 \pm 0.07\) mm for GX, \(1.31 \pm 0.08\) mm for GY and \(2.60 \pm 0.13\) mm for GZ. These values agree with GLDAS and estimates obtained from the combination of GRACE and the output of an ocean model using the approach of Swenson et al. (J Geophys Res 113(B8), 2008) at the level of about 0.5, 0.3 and 0.9 mm for GX, GY and GZ, respectively. Corresponding degree-1 coefficients from SLR, however, generally show higher variability and predict larger amplitudes for GX and GZ. The results we obtain for the degree-2 coefficients from GNSS are slightly mixed, and the level of agreement with the other sources heavily depends on the individual coefficient being investigated. The best agreement is observed for \(T_{20}^C\) and \(T_{22}^S\), which contain the most prominent annual signals among the degree-2 coefficients, with amplitudes amounting to \((5.47 \pm 0.44) \times 10^{-3}\) and \((4.52 \pm 0.31) \times 10^{-3}\) m of equivalent water height (EWH), respectively, as inferred from GNSS. Corresponding agreement with values from SLR and GRACE is at the level of or better than \(0.4 \times 10^{-3}\) and \(0.9 \times 10^{-3}\) m of EWH for \(T_{20}^C\) and \(T_{22}^S\), respectively, while for both coefficients, GLDAS predicts smaller amplitudes. Somewhat lower agreement is obtained for the order-1 coefficients, \(T_{21}^C\) and \(T_{21}^S\), while our GNSS inversion seems unable to reliably recover \(T_{22}^C\). For all the coefficients we consider, the GNSS-derived estimates from the modified inversion approach are more consistent with the solutions from the other sources than corresponding estimates obtained from an unconstrained standard inversion. 相似文献
16.
卫星重力探测技术为监测全球陆地水储量变化提供了新的技术手段。采用Level-2 Release-05版本GRACE时变重力场模型数据计算了2010年全球陆地水储量的月变化;着重研究了扇形滤波对反演结果的影响;并结合GLDAS水文模型数据对反演结果进行了验证分析。实验结果表明:GRACE反演结果 GLDAS水文模型结果在时空分布上符合较好;扇形滤波能够削弱GRACE时变重力场模型的高阶项误差影响,有效去除反演结果中的条带状噪声。 相似文献
17.
为了合理补充重力场恢复与气候试验卫星（Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment,GRACE）时变重力场的一阶斯托克斯系数（C10、C11、S11）和替换二阶斯托克斯系数（C20）,介绍了相关GRACE-OBP算法及其改进的算法,比较了相应的Chamber Model和4个Sun Model的一阶系数及其计算的地表质量异常,同时比较了基于卫星激光测距观测的Cheng Model与4个Sun Model的C20及其地表质量异常。结果表明,GRACE-OBP算法的一阶系数、卫星激光测距观测的C20及其地表质量异常与改进的GRACE-OBP算法在趋势项上有很大差异,但周年项差异相对较小。利用不同截断阶数和不同机构的GRACE时变重力场模型,对其趋势项和周年项都有一定影响,且对趋势项影响更大。因此,在计算陆地水储量变化时,建议使用改进的GRACE-OBP算法的估计结果,使用较理想的、截断阶数较高的GRACE时变重力模型。 相似文献
18.
John W. Crowley Jerry X. Mitrovica Richard C. Bailey Mark E. Tamisiea James L. Davis 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(1):9-13
We combine satellite gravity data from the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) and precipitation measurements
from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center’s (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation
(CMAP) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), over the period from mid-2002 to mid-2006, to investigate the relative
importance of sink (runoff and evaporation) and source (precipitation) terms in the hydrological balance of the Amazon Basin.
When linear and quadratic terms are removed, the time-series of land water storage variations estimated from GRACE exhibits
a dominant annual signal of 250 mm peak-to-peak, which is equivalent to a water volume change of ~1,800 km3. A comparison of this trend with accumulated (i.e., integrated) precipitation shows excellent agreement and no evidence of
basin saturation. The agreement indicates that the net runoff and evaporation contributes significantly less than precipitation
to the annual hydrological mass balance. Indeed, raw residuals between the de-trended water storage and precipitation anomalies
range from ±40 mm. This range is consistent with stream-flow measurements from the region, although the latter are characterized
by a stronger annual signal than our residuals, suggesting that runoff and evaporation may act to partially cancel each other. 相似文献
19.
地表质量的重分布会引起固体地球的弹性形变,GPS连续运行观测站能够精确测定地表负荷引起的地壳形变。本文通过模拟数据对利用云南省及其周边47个中国大陆构造环境监测网（陆态网）台站反演云南地区陆地水储量的可行性进行分析：以水文模型周年振幅为真值,计算47个台站点的负荷形变,同时加入随机误差构成模拟观测数据,最后采用模型反演陆地水储量变化;1000次的随机模拟试验表明利用当前GPS台站数据可有效地反演云南地区陆地水储量变化。基于上述结论,笔者反演了云南省2010—2014年陆地水储量变化,GPS反演结果表明：云南省陆地水变化呈现明显的地域分布特征,西南部高山地区的水储量周年变化高于东部平原地区;在时间尺度上,云南省大部分地区水储量在10月（夏季末）达到最大值,在4月（冬季末）达到最小值;云南省2010—2014年陆地水呈缓慢增长趋势,约为20 mm/a。通过GPS陆地水储量反演结果与GRACE、GLDAS以及TRMM数据综合对比分析,表明利用云南地区当前GPS台站可以作为独立观测量用于GRACE与GRACE Follow-on衔接期间的陆地水储量变化监测。 相似文献
20.
Evaluation and validation of mascon recovery using GRACE KBRR data with independent mass flux estimates in the Mississippi Basin 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
S. Klosko D. Rowlands S. Luthcke F. Lemoine D. Chinn M. Rodell 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(9):817-827
The direct recovery of surface mass anomalies using GRACE KBRR data processed in regional solutions provides mass variation
estimates with 10-day temporal resolution. The approach undertaken herein uses a tailored orbit estimation strategy based
solely on the KBRR data and directly estimates mass anomalies from the GRACE data. We introduce a set of temporal and spatial
correlation constraints to enable high resolution mass flux estimates. The Mississippi Basin, with its well understood surface
hydrological modelling available from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), which uses advanced land surface modeling
and data assimilation techniques, and a wealth of groundwater data, provides an opportunity to quantitatively compare GRACE
estimates of the mass flux in the entire hydrological column with those available from independent and reliable sources. Evaluating
GRACE’s performance is dependent on the accuracy ascribed to the hydrological information, which in and of itself is a complex
challenge (Rodell in Hydrogeol J, doi:, 2007). Nevertheless, the Mississippi Basin is one of the few regions having a large hydrological signal that can support
a meaningful GRACE comparison on the spatial scale resolved by GRACE. The isolation of the hydrological signal is dependent
on the adequacy of the forward mass flux modeling for tides and atmospheric pressure variations. While these models have non-uniform
global performance they are excellent in the Mississippi Basin. Through comparisons with the independent hydrology, we evaluate
the effect on the solution of changing correlation times and distances in the constraints, altering the parameter recovery
for areas external to the Mississippi Basin, and changing the relative strength of the constraints with respect to the KBRR
data. The accuracy and stability of the mascon solutions are thereby assessed, especially with regard to the constraints used
to stabilize the solution. We show that the mass anomalies, as represented by surface layer of water within regional cells
have accuracy estimates of ±2–3 cm on par with the best hydrological estimates and consistent with our accuracy estimates
for GRACE mass anomaly estimates. These solutions are shown to be very stable, especially for the recovery of semi-annual
and longer period trends, where for example, the phase agreement for the dominant annual signal agrees at the 10-day level
of resolution provided by GRACE. This validation confirms that mascons provide critical environmental data records for a wide
range of applications including monitoring ground water mass changes. 相似文献