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1.
通过卫星影像解译、野外实地调查与地质填图,对滇西南地区黑河断裂中西段晚第四纪构造活动特征进行了研究.结果表明,黑河断裂为一条规模较大的区域性活动断裂带,西起沧源县南,向东南止于澜沧江断裂,全长约168 km,走向280°～310°.该断裂晚第四纪新活动性具有一定的差异性和分段性.根据其几何结构、最新活动性及1988年澜沧7.6级地震破裂带特征,可将黑河断裂从西向东划分为沧源-木戛、木戛-南代和南代-勐往三条次级断裂段.其中的中、西段长约88 km,全新世活动显著,活动性质以右旋走滑为主.沿断裂形成了丰富的断错地貌现象.西段断裂的最新活动断错了全新世晚期地层;中段是1988年澜沧7.6级地震的发震断裂之一.根据对断错冲沟的测量和年代测试,得到其全新世以来右旋滑动速率为(3.54±0.78)mm/a,与区域上其它断裂的滑动速率大致相当,反映了其区域构造活动的整体性和协调性. 相似文献
2.
The Qujiang Fault is one of the most seismically active faults in western Yunnan, China and is considered to be the seismogenic fault of the 1970 MS7.7 Tonghai earthquake. The Qujiang Fault is located at the southeastern tip of the Sichuan-Yunnan block. In this study, we examine the geometry, kinematics, and geomorphology of this fault through field observations and satellite images. The fault is characterized by dextral strike-slip movements with dip-slip components and can be divided into northwest and southeast segments according to different kinematics. The northwest segment shows right-lateral strike-slip with normal components, whereas it is characterized by dextral movements with the northeast wall thrusting over the opposite in the southeast segment. The offset landforms are well developed along the strike of the fault with displacements ranging from 3.7m to 830m. The Late Quaternary right-lateral slip rate was determined to be 2.3～4.0mm/a through dating and measuring on the offset features. The variation of the slip and uplift rates along the fault strike corresponds well to the fault kinematics segmentation: the slip rate on the northwest segment is above 3mm/a with an uplift rate of 0.6～0.8mm/a; however, influenced by the Xiaojiang Fault, the southeast segment shows apparent thrust components. The slip rate decreases to below 3.0mm/a with an uplift rate of 1.1mm/a, indicating different uplift between the northwest and southeast segments. 相似文献
3.
通过卫星影像解译、野外实地调查和地质填图,获得滇西南地区澜沧断裂的基本特征和活动性参数,澜沧断裂属于龙陵—澜沧新生地震断裂带的东南段,北起耿马县联合村,向南东经澜沧县哈卜吗、战马坡、大塘子至澜沧县城东南,总体走向NNW,长度约85km。该断裂为一条全新世活动的右旋走滑断裂,兼具倾滑分量,沿断裂形成了丰富的断错地貌现象,主要表现为断层陡崖、冲沟右旋、断层陡坎、断层沟槽、断层垭口和断陷凹坑等。通过详细的野外考察,选择典型断错地貌进行差分GPS测量,结合所获相应地貌面的年代数据,得到该断裂全新世以来平均右旋走滑速率为(4.2±2.3)mm/a,其结果与现今GPS观测所得速率相当,反映了该断裂长期以来滑动速率的稳定性。同时根据岩体的最大位错量4.6~4.8km,估算断裂开始右旋走滑的时代为距今约1.1 Ma,即早更新世晚期。 相似文献
4.
to the practice of urban active fault exploration and associated fault activity assessment conducted in recent years, this paper summarizes the problems encountered in geological, geomorphological, geochemical and geophysical surveys, and proposes the following means and suggestions to solve these problems. To determine the most recent faults or fault zones, emphasis should be placed on identifying the youngest active faults and offset geomorphology. To understand the history of faulting and to discover the latest offset event, it is suggested that geophysical prospecting, drilling and trenching be conducted on one pro/de. Because of significant uncertainties in late Quaternary dating, we advise systematic sampling and the use of multiple dating methods. Shallow seismic reflection has been proven to be the most useful method in urban active fault exploration. However, there is a pressing need to increase the quality of data acquisition and processing to obtain high resolution images so as to enhance our ability to identify active faults. The combination of seismic P-wave reflection and S-wave reflection methods is proved to be a powerful means to investigate the tectonic environments of the deep crust. 相似文献
5.
Similarities between strike-slip faults at different scales and a simple age determining method for active faults 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract Several differently scaled strike‐slip faults were examined. The faults shared many geometric features, such as secondary fractures and linkage structures (damage zones). Differences in fault style were not related to specific scale ranges. However, it was recognized that differences in style may occur in different tectonic settings (e.g. dilational/contractional relays or wall/linkage/tip zones), different locations along the master fault or different fault evolution stages. Fractal dimensions were compared for two faults (Gozo and San Andreas), which supports the idea of self‐similarity. Fractal dimensions for traces of faults and fractures of damage zones were higher (D ～1.35) than for the main fault traces (D ～1.005) because of increased complexity due to secondary faults and fractures. Based on the statistical analysis of another fault evolution study, single event movements in earthquake faults typically have a maximum earthquake slip : rupture length ratio of approximately 10?4, although this has only been established for large earthquake faults because of limited data. Most geological faults have a much higher maximum cumulative displacement : fault length ratio; that is, approximately 10?2 to 10?1 (e.g. Gozo, ～10?2; San Andreas, ～10?1). The final cumulative displacement on a fault is produced by accumulation of slip along ruptures. Hence, using the available information from earthquake faults, such as earthquake slip, recurrence interval, maximum cumulative displacement and fault length, the approximate age of active faults can be estimated. The lower limit of estimated active fault age is expressed with maximum cumulative displacement, earthquake slip and recurrence interval as T ? (dmax /u) · I(M). 相似文献
6.
《中国地震研究》2017,(3)
In this paper,according to the results of the satellite imagery interpretation and field investigation,we study the active features and the latest active times of the ChuxiongNanhua fault,the Quaternary basins formation mechanism,and the relationship between the fault and the 1680 Chuxiong M_S6 3/4earthquake. Several Quaternary profiles at Lvhe,Nanhua reveal that the fault has offset the late Pleistocene deposits of the T2 and T3 terraces of Longchuan river, indicating that the fault was obviously active in late Quaternary. The Chuxiong-Nanhua fault has been dominated by dextral strike slip motion in the late Quaternary,with an average rate of 1. 6-2. 0 mm/a. Several pull apart Quaternary basins of Chuxiong,Nanhua,and Ziwu etc. have developed along the fault.The 1680 Chuxiong M_S6 3/4earthquake and several moderate earthquakes have occurred near the fault. The Chuxiong-Nanhua fault are the seismogenic structure of those earthquakes,the latest fault movement was in the late-Pleistocene,and even the Holocene.In large area,the Chuxiong-Nanhua fault and the eastern Qujiang fault and the Shiping fault composed a set of NW-trending oblique orientation active faults,and the motion characteristics are all mainly dextral strike slip. The motion characteristics,like the red river fault of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block southwestern boundary,are concerned with the escaping movement of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block. 相似文献
7.
2008年汶川大地震发生以来,位于青藏高原东南缘实皆断裂带和红河断裂系之间滇缅地块发生了一系列MS5.5以上中强地震,该地区未来是否可能发生MS7.0以上大地震的危险性,十分令人关注.本研究以滇缅地块内部最长的NE向走滑断裂带——南汀河断裂带为例,结合遥感图像、数字高程模型(DEM)和1∶20万地质图,对断裂带附近的水系系统拐弯地貌特征和大型地质体单元位错信息进行提取分析,并根据这些断裂带左旋走滑起始年代(5 Ma),推算其长期走滑速率.研究结果表明研究区NE向断裂带自上新世以来,具有2mm·a-1的长期走滑速率;此外,根据发生在断裂带上及其周边地区的历史地震、大震复发周期和区内现代构造应力场的分布分析发现,沿这些NE向大型左旋走滑断裂带未来具有MS7.0以上大地震发生的危险性. 相似文献
8.
如何准确测定断裂滑动速率是近年来活动构造研究的前沿与热点.随着高精度地形数据获取手段与第四纪测年方法的不断进步,位错量和地貌面年龄的精度均得到大大提高.在进行滑动速率计算时还要考虑地质过程是否合理,蒙特卡洛方法为获取更加符合地质过程的滑动速率提供了重要工具.本文以滑动速率研究程度较低的海原断裂带老虎山段为例,基于LiDAR高精度地形数据,测得T1—T4阶地面年龄分别为1~3 ka,9~11 ka,15~17 ka,40~45 ka,陡坎前缘的位错分别为7~14 m,28~36 m,59~66 m,180~190 m.综合多地点的左旋走滑位错量及不同时代的地貌面年龄数据,并考虑滑动历史,利用蒙特卡洛模拟方法,将位错-时间两个参数的不确定性定量化,限定老虎山断裂45 ka以来平均滑动速率为4.3±0.16 mm·a-1,17ka以来的平均滑动速率为4.0±0.15 mm·a-1,与前人研究得到的狭义海原断裂滑动速率4.5±1.0 mm·a-1基本一致.综合整个海原断裂带滑动速率,本文结果更支持低滑动速率变化趋势,即海原断裂带整体滑动速率趋于稳定,向东至六盘山断裂,滑动速率开始降低,推测海原断裂带的左旋走滑在尾端主要为马东山—六盘山隆起所吸收.结合老虎山断裂历史地震资料和深部锁闭浅部蠕滑的动力学特征,推测老虎山断裂具备与相邻断裂一起触发强震的能力. 相似文献
9.
明龙山-上窑断裂是一条逆走滑性质的第四纪活动断裂,长约68km,走向300°-315°。本文在卫星影像解译的基础上,通过野外调查,确定了该断裂的几何展布和分段特征,初步将断裂分为明龙山、上窑、凤阳山3条次级断裂段。通过对断裂经过处的采石场进行详细追索,我们对典型断层剖面进行了描述并采集了断层泥ESR样品,得到的测年结果为（243±24）ka和（126±15）ka,由于淮南地区是典型的中等强度地震活动区,断层晚第四纪以来活动强度较弱,这些测年结果虽不能代表断层最后一次微弱活动的时代,但可以确定断层最后一次强烈活动时代为中更新世晚期至晚更新世早期。结合前人对1831年凤台MS 6?级地震极震区位置、等震线形态研究及本文对极震区附近断裂展布和活动性的对比分析,我们认为明龙山-上窑断裂为本次地震发震构造的可能性最大。 相似文献
10.
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11.
In this paper, according to the results of the satellite imagery interpretation and field investigation, we study the active features and the latest active times of the Chuxiong-Nanhua fault, the Quaternary basins formation mechanism, and the relationship between the fault and the 1680 Chuxiong MS6 ¾ earthquake. Several Quaternary profiles at Lvhe, Nanhua reveal that the fault has offset the late Pleistocene deposits of the T2 and T3 terraces of Longchuan river, indicating that the fault was obviously active in late Quaternary. The Chuxiong-Nanhua fault has been dominated by dextral strike slip motion in the late Quaternary, with an average rate of 1.6-2.0mm/a. Several pull apart Quaternary basins of Chuxiong, Nanhua, and Ziwu etc. have developed along the fault. The 1680 Chuxiong MS6 ¾ earthquake and several moderate earthquakes have occurred near the fault. The Chuxiong-Nanhua fault are the seismogenic structure of those earthquakes, the latest fault movement was in the late-Pleistocene, and even the Holocene. In large area, the Chuxiong-Nanhua fault and the eastern Qujiang fault and the Shiping fault composed a set of NW-trending oblique orientation active faults, and the motion characteristics are all mainly dextral strike slip. The motion characteristics, like the red river fault of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block southwestern boundary, are concerned with the escaping movement of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block. 相似文献
12.
南汀河断裂带是滇西南块体内部的一条左旋走滑断裂带,几乎横切整个块体,总长度达380km,是块体内NE向断裂中最长的一条,也是次级块体的边界断裂.南汀河断裂带晚第四纪活动性非常强烈,但仅南段在1941年记录到一次约7级的地震,其余段落还没有5级以上地震的记录,目前可能正处于应力积累和孕震阶段.2014年10月7日发生的景谷MS6.6地震位于断裂带南东约94km,其地震烈度等震线长轴与余震皆呈北西展布,指向南汀河断裂带.为了解景谷地震对周边构造特别是南汀河断裂带的影响,本文通过数值模拟方法计算了地震触发的同震静态库仑应力变化.利用两种同震滑动分布模型计算获得的结果显示,景谷地震对震中附近的断裂,如澜沧江断裂和景谷断裂影响较大,局部应力增加可达90kPa;对较远的断裂,如南汀河断裂带、龙陵—澜沧断裂带和无量山断裂带的影响较小,应力变化值均小于10kPa.通过设置不同断层参数进一步计算,南汀河断裂带北段两支断裂断层面上的静态库仑应力扰动呈半圆形分布,应力增加的最大值位于24.15°N附近的地表,沿断层的走向和深度都逐渐减小.其中西支断裂上应力变化最大值为0.89kPa,东支断裂上为1.18kPa.此外,在南汀河断裂带北段的古地震研究结果显示,该断裂段全新世以来发生过产生地表破裂的大地震,震级应当不低于7级.放射性碳测年将该次古地震事件的发震时间限定在900—1480AD,离逝时间为535—1115年.结合古地震事件的离逝时间和断裂带的滑动速率,本文计算得到南汀河断裂带北段已经积累的水平滑动量为2.8+1.5/-1.0m,进一步利用滑动量与震级的经验公式可估算出该断裂段目前积累的滑动量如果完全释放将会产生一个7.5+0.1/-0.2级的地震.虽然景谷地震在南汀河断裂带上触发的静态库仑应力变化值表明,该地震可能不会引起南汀河断裂带地震危险性的突变,但仍起到一定的加速作用.再考虑到断裂带北段目前已经积累了约7.5级地震所需的能量,该断裂段在未来具有较高的地震危险性. 相似文献
13.
根据构造地貌遥感解析,发现郯庐断裂带沿庐江白山到桐城卅铺一线显示1组平行断层,现场地震地质调查验证其为1组活动断层。通过断层剖面观测、样品采集及样品测试分析和宏微观构造分析,结果表明,郯庐断裂带在白山—卅铺一带第四纪以来仍具有黏滑、蠕滑交替的变形活动。其中,在柯坦—卅铺一带,最年轻的水系被NE向断层组右旋扭折,其断层物质的微观观测和测龄结果表明该断裂段第四纪时的活动具有脆、塑性过渡变形特征,强烈活动时间处于早、中更新世;而白山剖面断层泥年龄测试结果则反映相应断层段在中、晚更新世曾有过较强烈的活动。断层泥超微(SEM)和显微观测结果亦表明该断裂段曾发生黏滑、蠕滑交替的构造变形事件,且表现为先黏滑后蠕滑;结合水系呈现缓慢扭折表征,近年来沿断裂有不少微震发生,表明郯庐断裂带在白山—卅铺段的最新滑移方式主要表现为蠕滑,也就是说,该段积累的应力以蠕滑或微震等方式缓慢释放,据此推测未来一定时期内不易孕育强烈地震 相似文献
14.
利用地质地貌调查、 探槽、 工程探测以及年代测试等方法, 对双山—李家庄断裂的地表破裂形态、 最新活动性以及古地震事件展开研究。 结果表明: ① 双山—李家庄断裂的最新活动时代为晚更新世, 在 (17.0±0.85) ka～(21.4±1.7) ka B.P.之间, 总体以左旋走滑正断为主, 局部逆断。 依据第四纪活动特征和破裂形式, 从南往北可分为两段, 即南段(双山—大马山)和北段(大马山—五里)。 其中南段又可分为3个小段: 双山—丹河水库小段表现为左阶斜列状展布的两条断层, 以左行走滑兼正断活动为主; 丹河水库—营子小段表现为两条相交的断裂, 东支在剖面上则表现为正断活动, 第四纪以来不活动; 西支在剖面上以逆冲破裂为主, 最新活动时代为晚更新世; 营子—大马山小段隐伏于第四系之下, 具有正断走滑破裂特征。 北段总体表现为多条近平行的断裂构造系, 破裂形式以逆断为主。 ② 双山—李家庄断裂晚第四纪以来可能发生过两次古地震事件, 分别发生在(17.0±0.85) ka～(21.4±1.7) ka B.P.和(77.0±3.8) ka～(84.0±4.2) ka B.P.。 ③ 1829年青州、 临朐61/4级地震的发生与上五井断裂和双山—李家庄断裂构成的“X”型共轭构造密切相关, 双山—李家庄断裂很可能就是这次地震的发震构造。 鲁西断块内发育的多条与双山—李家庄断裂相似的NW向晚更新世活动断裂, 均具有发生6级左右地震的构造条件, 因此, 今后应加强这些断裂的活动断层探测和地震监测研究, 为地震防御工作提供可靠依据。 相似文献
15.
2019年10月28日甘肃夏河MS5.7地震发生于临潭—宕昌断裂与西秦岭北缘断裂之间,震中周边断裂的发育情况不明,断裂研究程度低,且无明确的地表断裂与该地震相关。本文通过遥感解译和野外调查,完善了震中周边断裂即临潭—宕昌断裂、夏河断裂东段和达麦—合作断裂的几何展布图像和新活动特征,结合小震精定位和震源机制,综合分析并构建了夏河地震的发震构造模型。研究结果显示:夏河地震的周边断裂包括两条已知、但研究程度不高的西秦岭北缘断裂和临潭—宕昌断裂,以及仅标绘在地质图上、活动未知的夏河断裂和达麦—合作断裂;首次发现了夏河断裂东段的新活动,活动性质兼具左旋走滑和向北逆冲,前人基于小震定位判定的发震断层（走向312°,倾向42°,倾角48°）可能是夏河断裂东段派生的一条隐伏分支,该分支在平面上与夏河断裂东段呈小角度斜交（夹角22°）,在深部归并到夏河断裂,滑动方向（滑动角48°）与夏河断裂东段的活动性质（兼具逆冲和左旋）一致。夏河断裂东段在构造上可能归属于临潭—宕昌断裂西段,是西秦岭北缘断裂正花状构造的组成部分,2019年夏河MS5.7地震代表临潭—宕昌断裂西段的构造活动。 相似文献
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汶川8级大地震活动断裂滑动速率异常低的比较讨论 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文在收集1900—2008年东亚大陆西部三角地震区内8次陆内逆冲型浅源大地震(M≥7.5)活动断裂的滑动速率基础上, 初步比较分析表明东亚大三角地震区陆内逆冲型孕震断层的缩短或垂直平均滑动速率≤12 mm/a; 2008年四川汶川8.0级大地震发生在滑动速率异常低(0.2～1.0 mm/a)的龙门山活动断层上; 地震震级大小和滑动速率大小之间的关系并没有显示出线性的简单相关关系; 地震震级大小可能与多种因素有关, 包括断层的地质年代、 尺度(长度、 宽度和深度)、 活动速率和历史、 物性, 以及应力-应变本构关系和动力学环境等, 需要深入研究。 相似文献
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Shunji Ouchi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(2):161-173
Flume experiments, in which the middle section of an erosion channel is displaced horizontally, have been conducted to assess the response of streams to horizontal displacement by a strike‐slip fault. The experimental erosion channel was developed in a mixture of sand and clay, which provided relatively stable banks with its cohesiveness. Horizontal displacement of a strike‐slip fault perpendicular to the channel is expected to add a ?at section to its longitudinal pro?le along the fault line. The experimental stream eliminated this ?at section with downstream degradation, upstream aggradation, and lateral channel shift. As a result, a roughly continuous longitudinal pro?le was maintained. This maintenance of a continuous longitudinal pro?le along channel is considered to be the principle of stream response to horizontal displacement by a strike‐slip fault. Downstream degradation was the dominant process of this stream response in the overall tendency of erosion without sand supply. When the rate of fault displacement was low (long recurrence interval), the experimental stream eroded the fault surface, jutting laterally into the channel like a scarp, and de?ected the channel within the recurrence interval. This lateral channel shift gave some gradient to the reach created by fault displacement (offset reach), and the downstream degradation occurred as much as completing the remaining longitudinal pro?le adjustment. When the rate of fault displacement was high (short recurrence interval), the lateral erosion on the ?rst fault surface was interrupted by the next fault displacement. The displacement was then added incrementally to the existing channel offset making channel shift by lateral erosion increasingly dif?cult. The channel offset with sharp bends persisted without much modi?cation, and downstream degradation and upstream aggradation became evident with the effect of the offset channel course, which worked like a dam. In this case, a slight local convexity, which was incidentally formed by downstream degradation and upstream aggradation, tended to remain in the roughly continuous longitudinal pro?le, as long as the horizontal channel offset persisted. In either case, once the experimental stream obtained a roughly continuous gradient, further channel adjustment seemed to halt. Horizontal channel offset remained to a greater or lesser extent at the end of each run long after the last fault displacement. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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临潼-长安断裂带晚第四纪以来的活动性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对临潼-长安断裂带进行了详细的野外调查,以期掌握其最新活动年代和第四纪以来的活动特征。该断裂总体走向NE,以张性垂直运动为主,断面明显错断了黄土中的第1层古土壤S1,说明其晚更新世以来仍在活动,并且北段和中段的活动性比南段强,但是错距大多<2m,滑动速率较小,考虑到临潼-长安断裂带由多条次级断层组成,其整体活动性应该比我们计算得到的局部断层滑动速率大得多。断层错距自上而下成递增趋势,并且根据不同地层年代计算出的滑动速率基本一致,因此该断裂带自中更新世晚期以来极可能以垂向蠕滑活动为主 相似文献
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THE TECTONIC ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF AWANCANG FAULT IN THE LATE QUATERNARY,THE SUB-STRAND OF THE EASTERN KUNLUN FAULT 
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下载免费PDF全文 It is well known that the slip rate of Kunlun Fault descends at the east segment, but little known about the Awancang Fault and its role in strain partitioning with Kunlun Fault. Whether the sub-strand(Awancang Fault) can rupture simultaneously with Kunlun Fault remains unknown. Based on field investigations, aerial-photo morphological analysis, topographic surveys and 14C dating of alluvial surfaces, we used displaced terrace risers to estimate geological slip rates along the Awancang Fault, which lies on the western margin of the Ruoergai Basin and the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau, the results indicate that the slip rate is 3mm/a in the middle Holocene, similar to the reduced value of the Kunlun Fault. The fault consists of two segments with strike N50° W, located at distance about 16km, and converged to single stand to the SE direction. Our results demonstrate that the Awancang fault zone is predominantly left-lateral with a small amount of northeast-verging thrust component. The slip rates decrease sharply about 4mm/a from west to east between the intersection zone of the Awancang Fault and Kunlun Fault. Together with our previous trenching results on the Kunlun Fault, the comparison with slip rates at the Kunlun fault zone suggests that the Awancang fault zone has an important role in strain partitioning for east extension of Kunlun Fault in eastern Tibet. At the same time, the 15km long surface rupture zone of the southeast segment was found at the Awancang Fault. By dating the latest faulted geomorphologic surface, the last event may be since the 1766±54 Cal a BP. Through analysis of the trench, there are four paleoearthquake events identified recurring in situ on the Awancang Fault and the latest event is since (850±30)a BP. The slip rate of the Awancang Fault is almost equivalent to the descending value of the eastern part of the east Kunlun Fault, which can well explain the slip rate decreasing of the eastern part of the east Kunlun Fault(the Maqin-Maqu segment)and the characteristics of the structure dynamics of the eastern edge of the Tibet Plateau. The falling slip rate gradient of the eastern Kunlun Fault corresponds to the geometric characteristic. It is the Awancang Fault, the strand of the East Kunlun Fault that accommodates the strain distribution of the eastward extension of the east Kunlun Fault. This study is helpful to seismic hazard assessment and understanding the deformation mechanism in eastern Tibet. 相似文献