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1.
Boundary settings for the seismic dynamic response analysis of rock masses using the numerical manifold method 
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下载免费PDF全文 Aiming to accurately simulate seismic dynamic response of rock masses using the numerical manifold method (NMM), boundary settings must be treated carefully. In this paper, 4 issues in boundary settings are investigated to improve the performance of NMM: (1) Nonreflecting boundaries including the viscous boundary and viscoelastic boundary are considered; (2) A free‐field boundary is incorporated into NMM to accurately simulate external source wave motion; (3) A seismic input boundary is considered, and the force input method is introduced; and (4) A static‐dynamic unified boundary is incorporated for the convenience of transforming displacement boundary into other types of boundaries, such as nonreflecting boundaries and seismic input boundary. Several benchmark problems are solved to validate the improved NMM. Simulation results agree well with analytical ones, indicating that the improved NMM is able to simulate seismic dynamic response of rock masses reliably and correctly. 相似文献
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目前岩石力学参数测定，受限于探头及数据采集设备，多在实验室环境完成，同时，传统超声收发探头对接触面平整度要求较高，需要对岩石表面打磨处理，且需要涂抹导声糊。这些都极大限制了超声测量系统的应用范围。为实现对岩石钻孔内的长效监测，对声波发射、接收机制及岩石内超声信号的频域特性进行分析，通过AIC算法拾取波前初至，利用小波去噪和改进AIC法（NAIC）求波初至到达精确时间，研究了基于干耦合岩石内部参数测量系统，在岩石内部实现了超声信号的发射接收、信号瞬态触发、高速采集，并将最终结果通过无线方式传输至数据记录仪。分别对Φ50 mm×100 mm花岗岩及砂岩岩样进行了超声波传输参数测量，Φ114 mm×280 mm花岗岩岩样测量距离分别为150、200 mm，利用NAIC、STA/LTA、MER、ETA 4种算法对该数据进行处理，并与第三方仪器测定结果进行比较。结果表明：基于干耦合声波测速采集系统，对不同工作接触面适应性较好，数据误差在规范允许范围内。小波降噪适用于背景干扰少、频率范围集中的超声接收信号，在到时拾取方面，除STA/LTA外其余3种算法在去噪后的到时拾取精度均得到有效提高，其中尤以NAIC法最为明显，到时平均误差由1.21 ?s锐减至0.19 ?s。 相似文献
3.
振动有助于碎岩,以往关于振动碎岩机理的研究大多在低频率段展开。为填补超高频率段下振动碎岩机理的空白,采用单轴动静组合加载模式,开展了超声波振动下不同应力条件对岩石强度影响的试验研究,其中超声波振动频率为20kHz,预压范围为100～500N。研究结果表明:当预压小于200N时,岩石内部应力状态无法满足强度准则,岩石强度下降不明显;当预压大于等于200N时,岩石强度随振动时间的增加而逐渐降低且存在最优预压力值(400N)使得岩石强度最低。缩短振动频率与岩石固有频率的差值有利于提高超声波振动碎岩效率。 相似文献
4.
循环冲击下波阻抗定义岩石损伤变量的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在动静组合加载试验系统上,对有轴向预应力的岩石进行循环冲击时无法测量其声波波速,以致于不能用声波波速值的变化研究此过程中岩石的损伤演变特性,为此提出了基于岩石波阻抗定义其损伤变量的方法。在理论上证明裂隙岩石的密度和纵波波速间具有良好的正向相关性,在同一损伤过程中,岩石的波阻抗与其纵波波速的相对变化量接近,根据密度和纵波波速都能反映岩石损伤的现实,得出基于岩石波阻抗定义岩石损伤的方法是可行的结论,并给出其定义损伤变量的表达式。根据一维应力波理论,推导出由入射波和反射波或透射波求解波阻抗的表达式。对利用霍布金森压杆装置进行试验时应力波在岩石试件两界面间多次透反射的过程进行了分析,在此基础上,确定了由试验数据计算循环冲击过程中岩石波阻抗的方法。对岩石试件进行了无初始应力的循环冲击试验,测量了岩石在每次冲击后的纵波波速,得出了基于波阻抗和纵波波速定义的损伤变量具有相同的变化趋势的结论,并分析了二者之间有差别的原因。研究结果表明,在入射能大小接近的循环冲击过程中,利用波阻抗定义岩石损伤变量的方法是可行的 相似文献
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多道面波分析技术在近地表勘探领域有着广泛应用,准确的提取频散曲线成为面波勘探成像的关键。文章介绍了一种新的地震背景噪声互相关面波频散成像方法——拓距相移法。该方法在传统相移法的基础上,利用阵内相移对小孔径范围的面波中高频信号进行提取,并利用阵外相移对大孔径范围的面波中低频信号进行提取,然后将两部分频散曲线融合从而得到更宽频带的面波频散曲线用于地下速度结构的反演。该方法在保证对近地表结构进行较高分辨率成像的同时,大大增加对深部结构的有效约束。2019年9月到10月期间,作者在湖南沃溪布设了8条密集测线,进行了1个月的地震背景噪声数据采集,并利用上述拓距相移法提取了0.1~2 s的瑞利面波宽频带相速度频散曲线。通过初步反演其中3条测线的背景噪声数据,获得了该矿区深度2.5 km以浅的地震横波速度结构。经与已知地质资料比对,160测线的地震横波速度反演结果与断层、岩性分界面及矿脉有着较好的对应关系,表明获得的沃溪矿区地震横波速度结构较好地反映了控矿构造、岩性分界以及矿体的分布位置等信息,为该区中—深部找矿提供了重要依据。该研究利用实际数据检验了拓距相移法的有效性,为今后深部找矿提供了一个有效的高精度成像方法。 相似文献
6.
Boundary setting method for the seismic dynamic response analysis of engineering rock mass structures using the discontinuous deformation analysis method 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Large deformations and discontinuous problems can be calculated using the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method by solving time steps, and this method is suitable for simulating the seismic dynamic response of engineering rock mass structures. However, the boundary setting must be carefully analyzed. In this paper, four boundary settings for the DDA method are investigated. First, the contributions to the DDA equations for nonreflecting boundaries (including the viscous boundary and the viscoelastic boundary) are deduced based on the Newmark method. Second, a free‐field boundary is introduced in the DDA method with boundary grid generation and coupling calculation algorithms to accurately simulate external source wave motion, such as earthquakes. Third, seismic input boundary treatments are intensively examined, and the force input method is introduced based on nonreflecting boundaries. Finally, the static‐dynamic unified boundary is implemented to ensure consistent boundary transformation. The boundary setting method in the DDA method is discussed, and the suggested treatments are used to analyze the seismic dynamic response of underground caverns. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Mohamed Saleh Efnik Samsuddin H. Taib Nur Islami 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,88(6):736-742
In the past ten years, time-lapse (4D) seismic has evolved as a standard way of monitoring reservoir performance. The method is now being used as good reservoir management practice to provide evidence of saturation changes within the reservoir at field scale. 4D provides a new piece of data describing the dynamic behavior of the reservoir fluids between the wells, often limited to small scale monitoring at the borehole scale. Thus, it provides sophisticated techniques for reservoir monitoring and management relying on the integration of geological models, static and dynamic properties of the reservoir rock, and detailed production and pressure field data.While 4D seismic data has been very successful in monitoring hydrocarbon production from clastic reservoirs, this work has focused on implementing 4D time lapse to monitor saturation changes in carbonate reservoirs and it’s capability to be used as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) tool that can help in enhancing the recovery factor for the filed and help to locate new drilling to sweep more oil out of the reservoir and locate the by-pass oil.The principal goal of this research was to detect the maximum change in seismic attributes (amplitude, acoustic impedance, travel time) that could occur as a result of oil production, water and gas injection in carbonate reservoirs by using time-lapse 4D seismic. 相似文献
8.
辽西金羊盆地是下辽河盆地外围盆地群中面积最大的中生代盆地,盆地浅层火成岩广泛发育、其厚度大、期次较多,受火成岩对地震信号屏蔽以及该地区复杂的地震地质条件的影响,使得地震勘探采集的原始资料信噪比低、火成岩下伏地层反射能量弱,给地震资料的有效成像带来了极大挑战。本文根据原始地震资料特点,采用针对性的采集、处理技术,首先从采集方面以大能量激发、低频检波器接收,并且处理中应用反射能量补偿、静校正、叠前多域去噪等几项技术进一步提高资料的深层反射能量和信噪比,最后通过高精度速度场建模与地震偏移成像技术的多种方法对比,优选叠前时间偏移技术进行最终成像。与以往地震资料比较,采用这套有效成像技术重新处理的地震剖面信噪比、分辨率明显提高,更重要的深层反射能量得以有效恢复,火成岩的下伏地层反射信号清晰、地层接触关系明确,特别是大倾角地层及断层的成像得以明显改善,为后续的构造解释和勘探潜力区评价提供了高质量的地震资料。 相似文献
9.
Linking dynamic elastic parameters to static state of stress: toward an integrated approach to subsurface stress analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stress is the most important parameter to understand basin dynamics and the evolution of hydrocarbon systems. The state of stress can be quantified by numerical geo-mechanical modelling techniques. These techniques require static elastic parameters of the rocks as input, while tectonic and gravitational forces are given as explicit boundary conditions to compute the local state of stress at different scales. We developed a technique to determine the density and elastic constants at seismic frequencies using full Zoeppritz inversion on angle-dependent seismic reflection data. The dynamic elastic parameters as obtained from seismic data differ from their static equivalents, which are necessary to determine the static state of stress. The dynamic elastic parameters are related to their static equivalents through experimentally obtained relations. In these rock-physics experiments, the static and dynamic elastic parameters are measured simultaneously during different external loading conditions. The experiments used here are all carried out in a tri-axial pressure machine under equal axial stresses. Then pre-stack seismic data analysis in combination with the relation between the static and dynamic elastic parameters, from the rock-physics experiments, provides the input parameters for geo-mechanical modelling. 相似文献
10.
海洋深部地震勘探技术 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从国内外海洋油气资源的勘探开发来看 ,海洋 (中 )深部地震勘探技术是海洋探测和油气勘探的一种支柱技术 ,也是获取海洋环境、资源、能源、权益信息的重要技术手段。由于海洋地质构造的复杂性 ,海洋 (中 )深部地震勘探技术具有其自身的特殊性 ,主要表现在数据采集和数据处理两个方面。文中阐述了海上中深层单分量地震勘探数据采集和处理方面的若干关键技术。数据采集包含 :震源特性、电缆质量、高分辨率大动态范围的 2 4位数字地震仪、合理的观测系统、设计参数选择和仪器接收记录因素的选择。数据处理中有 :静校正、吸收补偿、压制多次波等干扰、多次折射波的消除和偏移等。文中列举的若干重点技术 ,特别是在采集处理方面的相关问题也是国际上研究的重点和难点。发展海上中深部地震勘探技术 ,可以提高我国海上油气资源勘探和地质调查的整体水平 ,增加国际上的竞争实力 相似文献
11.
A method of tremor risk estimation on the basis of seismic emission registered in mining exploitation zones is presented in this paper. A considerable part of the emission registered in these conditions, is generated by mechanical devices used in the mine (miner transporters etc.). Therefore, it is not possible to evaluate the risk of mining rock-bursts properly on the basis of interpretation of emission using known theories and models describing rock mass fracturing. In a new approach presented in this paper, the tremor risk is determined on the basis of time variation of a parameter describing the attenuation of seismic vibrations of the rock medium. The attenuation is assessed from the analysis of seismic emission registered in the frequency range from 30 Hz to 1000 Hz. Information about this parameter is encapsulated in the seismic emission regardless of the means of its generation. The method of estimating the temporal variations of attenuation is based on the analysis of signal envelopes of the microseismic emission. Attenuation trends can be interpreted in a straightforward way. As the stress values keep increasing, the following processes take place in the rock mass: compaction (hardening), dilatancy (softening), and then possibly tremors. At the compaction stage attenuation values are lower, while they increase at the dilatancy stage. This mechanism has been proven in practice. Our results can be used for monitoring tremor risk. 相似文献
12.
A computer program package has been written in FORTRAN-IV language and tested successfully on an ICL 1904S computer. This program enables one to compute synthetic seismograms for layered earth models. The provision for studying the effect of absorption and dispersion of seismic waves has been made with Subroutines. The present program utilizes eight Subroutines and requires about 35 K core memory. A set of examples are illustrated for absorption and dispersion models. An exponential decay of amplitude has been used for the absorption model. This method is based on the plane wave propagation in a flat-layered earth system. Normal incident P-waves are used to eliminate the effect of other phases. Change in shape of reflected waves is observed in absorption model due to damping of energy of higher frequencies. Lack of resolution is found between closely spaced reflections at higher frequencies. The effect of dispersion on seismic waves decreases the time of primary reflections as well as amplitudes of the seismic waves. 相似文献
13.
隧道围岩中的结构面将岩体切割成块体,块体在自然状态下的静力平衡因为隧道开挖而被打破,临空面的产生和动荷载的施加都可能导致块体的滑移,进而引起围岩失稳。以往应用块体理论寻找关键块体时,多只考虑纯重力的作用,而忽视了爆破振动、地震等动荷载对诱发失稳灾害的重要作用。将爆破振动荷载和地震荷载转化为等效静力,并通过数学计算求出使块体安全系数最低的动荷载方向,再利用关键块体理论矢量分析方法分析隧道围岩的稳定性。在长岗隧道中的应用表明,考虑动荷载作用下的块体安全系数明显小于只考虑重力作用时的安全系数,原本稳定的块体也可能在动荷载作用下变成关键块体导致围岩失稳,这与长岗隧道现场记录的破坏现象相符。 相似文献
14.
J. Ruedrich C. Knell J. Enseleit Y. Rieffel S. Siegesmund 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(4):1451-1469
The degree of weathering in natural stones on buildings and sculptures has been determined for many years in numerous cases by means of ultrasonic measurements. Conclusions concerning the strength of the rock and the type of weathering can thus be drawn. This relationship has not been established for all rock types. Most of the progress utilizing this method has been made in the analysis of marbles, where an increasing degree of weathering shows lower ultrasonic velocities. In the present study, four Carrara marble samples showing similar rock fabrics, but with respect to weathering exhibit considerable differences are investigated. Porosity varies between 0.2 vol. % and ca. 2.4 vol. %, whereby with increasing porosity the pore radii changes as well. Parallel to this the ultrasonic velocities change in dry samples from about 5.5 to 1.6 km/s, respectively. Model calculations reveal that the velocity reduction is caused by cracks with an extremely small aspect ratio of about 0.005 or even less. After a specific loss of strength, however, solution processes can become active, which modify the microcracks and generate an opposite trend. In the process a strong porosity increase correlates to a relatively small velocity reduction. With the presence of water the V p porosity weathering relationship experiences a considerable modification. Parallel to the reduction of the ultrasonic velocities, it was determined that the mechanical strength (compressive strength, flexural strength, etc.) as well as the static Young’s modulus is reduced almost equally by a progressive advancement of the weathering front. In one case study dealing with tensile strengths, it was clearly documented how tensile cracks develop and propagate in dependence of the rock fabric. The rock mechanical and ultrasonic velocity data were used for stability assessments applied to the marble statuaries from the Schlossbrücke in Berlin. Stability assessments of the sculpture group 4 reveal that some critical parts must be replaced due to safety reasons. 相似文献
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16.
煤矿井下回采工作面随采地震技术将采煤机作为震源,实现了动态精准、绿色智能探测的技术构想,可用于工作面内部静态地质异常体与开采动力地质灾害的超前探测。针对常规随采地震观测系统存在的成像盲区问题,提出孔–巷联合的随采地震观测系统设计方案,有效提高成像范围;基于地震干涉原理,采用频率域相关算法,对随采地震信号进行脉冲化处理,获得随采地震等效炮集;为解决随采地震CT层析成像中绝对走时难以获取的问题,提出直接利用相关时差进行CT层析成像的方法,求解过程中无需计算发震时刻,降低对初始速度的依赖。理论模型和实际资料测试结果表明:孔–巷联合观测系统有效扩大了成像范围;基于相关时差的随采地震层析成像方法可以对工作面内部进行速度成像,实现对静态地质异常体的探测;利用随采地震连续监测、动态成像的特点,还可实现对工作面内由于采动引起的应力集中区的实时动态监测,对工作面安全监测更有意义。 相似文献
17.
爆破地震波作用下既有圆形隧道衬砌动应力集中系数分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将爆破地震波进行合理近似简化,采用波函数展开法,推导出无限岩石介质中爆破地震波作用下隧道围岩和衬砌动应力集中系数的表达式。结合具体算例,分析隧道不同位置上爆破地震波主频、隧道几何参数和隧道围岩和衬砌物理力学指标对动应力集中系数的影响。分析结果表明,爆破地震波主振频率对隧道围岩和衬砌中的动应力集中系数（DSCF）影响较大,隧道不同位置和不同方向应力的动应力集中系数随主振频率的变化趋势不同,低主振频率引起的动应力集中系数较大,不利于隧道的抗爆破振动;隧道几何参数对隧道围岩和衬砌内侧切向应力动应力集中系数影响趋势不同;隧道衬砌弹性模量对隧道结构动应力集中系数影响较大,泊松比次之;泊松比较大的隧道围岩具有一定的抗爆破振动作用,但效果有限。 相似文献
18.
复合单元法动力分析初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
复合单元法是一种适用于不连续介质结构分析的数值计算方法,优点是建立网格时不用考虑结构中不连续面,计算时能离散模拟不连续面。在复合单元法静力计算模型的基础上,提出了复合单元的动力分析方法。给出了复合单元动力分析的质量矩阵和阻尼矩阵的具体表达式,通过质量矩阵、刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵将分布于复合单元内部的惯性力和阻尼力分别转移到复合单元的广义节点上。建立了惯性力、阻尼力、动力荷载及弹性力作用下的复合单元动力系统的控制方程组。以一个基岩内含有两条断层的混凝土重力坝模型地震为例,采用复合单元法动力分析程序进行计算,其结果与有限单元法解吻合得较好,说明所提出方法的正确性和有效性。 相似文献
19.