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虾蛄(Squillidae)是重要的水产增养殖品种。目前针对虾蛄类的研究主要集中在其基础生物学和繁殖生物学方面,其中在虾蛄的纳精结构、性腺发育和幼体发育等研究方面还存在诸多分歧。作者综述了几种虾蛄类,如口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、黑斑口虾蛄(O. kempi)、猛虾蛄(Harpiosquilla harpax)和棘突猛虾蛄(H. raphidea)的资源分布、生活习性、亲本、性腺和幼体发育等研究成果,以期为虾蛄繁殖生物学和人工育苗的深入研究提供参考。 相似文献
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氨氮对中国对虾抗病力的影响 总被引：91，自引：3，他引：91
１９９６年５月２４日－６月１４日,８月１－１９日,分别在青岛的两个养殖场采集海捕产卵后中国对虾亲虾和养殖中国对虾,采用人工添加氨氮并检测对虾和抗菌有关因子的活力的方法,进行氨氮对中国对虾抗病力影响的实验。结果表明,在氨氮浓度较高的实验组,对虾血细胞数目减少,其结构也有变化;酚氧化酶,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活力,以及溶菌和抗菌活力都较对照组有明显下降;对病原菌的易感性明显提高。 相似文献
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利用盐田卤水池塘养殖卤虫的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
1988年和1989年,作者在山东省盐场利用盐田卤水池进行了卤虫池塘养殖的研究。研究内容包括微藻培养试验、卤虫群体生长能力试验和间捕法养殖卤虫试验。通过试验在6个投饵池塘获得的鲜活卤虫产量为423.5—551.0公斤/亩(平均491.6公斤/亩),在4个不投饵池塘获得的产量为240.5—299.5公斤/亩(平均272.3公斤/亩)。本文报告了以上三个试验的内容和结果,并对卤虫养殖中出现的几个问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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北部湾北部海域水体异养细菌的时空分布特征研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨环境因素对异养细菌丰度的影响,2016年9月至2017年8月通过月度航次调查对北部湾北部海域异养细菌丰度的时空分布特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,调查海区异养细菌丰度介于（2.75~56.86）×105 cell/mL,平均值为（11.01±6.31）×105 cell/mL。各季节细菌丰度从高至低依次为:夏季、春季、冬季、秋季。异养细菌丰度由近岸海域向西南深水区方向逐渐降低,在近岸浅水区垂直分布均匀,在水深大于20 m的海区出现季节性分层现象:表层细菌丰度较高,底层细菌丰度较低。主成分分析显示温度对异养细菌时空分布有重要影响,秋、冬季异养细菌丰度与温度呈显著负相关,在春、夏季呈显著正相关。细菌丰度与盐度呈显著负相关,说明海水盐度变化是细菌时空分布重要影响因素。异养细菌丰度与叶绿素a和溶解氧含量呈显著正相关,表明浮游植物初级生产过程影响了异养细菌的时空分布。在秋、冬和春3季异养细菌丰度与营养盐水平呈显著负相关,二者关系受浮游植物生物量间接影响。异养细菌时空分布差异取决于环境条件的变化,温度、盐度、叶绿素a和溶解氧含量是影响异养细菌丰度分布的主要因素。 相似文献
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Burrows of the thalassinidean shrimps Neaxius acanthus and Corallianassa coutierei are striking aspects in tropical seagrass beds of the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. Burrow construction, behaviour, burrow type and associated commensal community were investigated to clarify the ecological role and food requirements of these shrimps and their commensals. Gut content analysis and stable-isotope data were used to unravel the food sources and the trophic interactions among the commensal community.Individuals of Neaxius acanthus were caught on Bone Batang Island. In narrow aquaria filled with sediment they constructed burrows resembling those found in the field. During burrow construction and maintenance only little sediment was brought to the surface, most was sorted and compacted to create a distinct lining. Maintenance work by single shrimps typically took about 5 min, after which the shrimp walked up to the entrance and rested for a similar period of time. There were no differences in behaviour between day and night. Intrasexual encounters inside the burrow were characterised by a high level of aggression and all resulted in one participant being driven out of the burrow. Intersexual encounters led to coexistence with both animals taking turns in burrow maintenance and guarding the entrance. Offered seagrass leaves were pulled underground, cut into pieces and eventually integrated into the lining. Burrows of Corallianassa coutierei resembled a deep U-shape. Chambers branching off halfway down and at the deepest point contained seagrass fragments. All steep parts of the burrow were lined similar to burrows of N. acanthus.No commensals were found associated with Corallianassa coutierei. However, burrows of Neaxius acanthus in the field typically contained a pair of shrimps, up to 8 individuals of the commensal bivalve Barrimysia cumingii and large numbers of gammarid amphipods. Other animals found associated with the burrow were the goby Austrolethops wardi, a palaemonid shrimp species and two species of tube-building polychaetes, one of which was also found as an epibiont on N. acanthus.Stable-isotope and gut content analyses indicate that the diet of Neaxius acanthus, its commensal Austrolethops wardi, and Corallianassa coutierei is mainly derived from detrital seagrass leaves, with a potential contribution of sediment organic matter and seagrass epiphytes. In contrast the isotopic signature of Barrimysia cumingii suggests the presence of symbiotic sulphide metabolism bacteria. This study underlines that, besides their interactions with the surrounding ecosystem, thalassinid shrimp burrows play an important role as a sub-habitat with a unique associated fauna. 相似文献
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Jannet Elloumi Jean-François CarriasHabib Ayadi Télesphore Sime-NgandoAbderrahmen Bouaïn 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
The composition and distribution of the main planktonic halophilic micro-organisms (heterotrophic and autotrophic picoplankton, nanoplankton, phytoplankton, ciliates) and metazooplankton were investigated in six ponds of increasing salinity in the solar salt works of Sfax, Tunisia, from January to December 2003. Marked changes in the composition and biomass of the communities were found along the salinity gradient, especially at salinities of 150 and 350. Autotrophic picoplankton, nanoplankton, diatoms, dinoflagellates and ciliates characterized the less salted ponds. Planktonic biomass was the highest at intermediate salinity as a consequence of a bloom of Ochromonas. Species richness of phytoplankton, ciliates and zooplankton greatly decrease above a salinity of 150 and typical halophiles (Dunaliella salina, cyanobacteria, Fabrea salina and Artemia salina) were found between 150 and 350 salinity. In this environment, F. salina appeared more adapted than the brine shrimp to survive during phytoplankton blooms. The halophilic plankton was however almost entirely composed of heterotrophic prokaryotes in the crystallizers. We thus observed a progressive disappearance of the autotrophic planktonic communities along the salinity gradient. Multivariate analysis of the communities provides evidence that ponds represent discrete aquatic ecosystems within this salt works. 相似文献
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两种微藻对凡纳滨对虾养殖环境中细菌数量变化的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
往凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)养殖水体中引入波吉卵囊藻(Oocystisbor gei)和微绿球藻(Nannochlorisoculata),检测对虾养殖水体及虾体中异养菌和弧菌数量的变化,研究这两种微藻对对虾养殖环境细菌数量变化的影响.结果表明:引入波吉卵囊藻和微绿球藻能有效地抑制异养菌和弧菌的生长.实验组中养殖水体、凡纳滨对虾肌肉及肝胰脏中的异养菌和弧菌的数量都比对照组明显降低,特别是肝胰脏中弧菌数量在实验后期比前期降低了两个数量级;波吉卵囊藻实验组的抗弧菌作用最强.由此可见,采用选择优良藻种进行微藻生态调控对防治对虾疾病有着重要作用. 相似文献
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Maria Gonzalez-Rey Angela Serafim Rui Company & Maria João Bebianno 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(1):100-107
Rainbow vent field is one of the most metal‐contaminated hydrothermal sites on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge near the Azores region. Two hydrothermal shrimp species dominate the fauna at the Rainbow site along with the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. Although the levels of essential and non‐essential metals in these shrimps have been studied, the biological consequences of a metal‐rich environment are still largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the levels of metal‐binding proteins – metallothioneins (MT) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase, catalase, total glutathione peroxidase and selenium‐dependent glutathione peroxidase in two hydrothermal vent shrimps (Mirocaris fortunata and Rimicaris exoculata) collected from the Rainbow site and to compare them with two coastal shrimps (Palaemon elegans and Palaemonetes varians) from a south Portugal lagoon (Ria Formosa) to evaluate their different adaptation strategies towards metals in their environment. Results show significant differences in MT levels and antioxidant enzymatic activities between vent and coastal shrimps and also between shrimp species collected from the same site. This suggests that biochemical responses in both vent and coastal shrimps are affected not only by the environmental characteristics but also by inter‐specific differences. Nevertheless, these responses apparently confer successful adaptation for survival in a metal‐extreme environment. 相似文献
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以没有放流幼虾的1987年的河口区仔虾相对数量和8月份幼虾数量比值(109)为系数(a),以ni=axi式(ni是i年自然补充量,x_i是i年河口区仔虾相对数量),估算胶州湾中国对虾有关年份自然补量。将各年8月份幼虾数量(Ni)扣除自然补充量后,再按捕捞系数(k)为0.75,以Ci=(Ni—ni)k/R式估算放流虾的回捕量和回捕率(C)。结果表明,1985,1986和1988—1990年回捕率分别为16.05,11.23,8.49,13.69和17.40％。对虾放流增殖效果显著。 相似文献
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本研究针对高温时期(6月、9月)广东沿海地区的香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)体内异养细菌总数和弧菌总数进行了深入的调查,并由添加单种抗生素(分别是:庆大霉素、呋喃唑酮、利福平、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、氯霉素、复方新诺明)的培养基中分离得到310个菌株。进一步采用纸片扩散法(kirby-bauer法)针对常见的抗生素对此310个菌株进行药敏测试,了解不同来源菌株的耐药状况。结果表明310个菌株分属48个不同种属,主要是肠杆菌(Enterobacter)、弧菌(Vibrio)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella)、希瓦氏菌(Shewanella)、不动杆菌(Acinetobacter)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、短波单胞菌(Brevundimonas)、发光杆菌(Photobacterium)、黄杆菌(Tenacibaculum)、盐单胞菌(Halomonas)等。在9月份从牡蛎体内分离的异养细菌比6月份分离的异养细菌高出1～2个数量级(除台山外)。6月份从台山地区牡蛎分离的异养细菌数(2.6×10~6～5.8×10~6 cfu/g)最多,高出其他地区1～3个数量级。药敏测试结果显示牡蛎体内异养细菌对20种抗生素普遍存在抗性,尤其对青霉素、卡拉霉素、呋喃唑酮、阿莫西林、克林霉素及万古霉素表现出较高的耐药率。高温时期(6月、9月)分离的异养菌大多数为多重耐药细菌,其比例分别为84.18%和91.72%。本研究将为牡蛎养殖业的疾病控制以及水产养殖中细菌的耐药状况提供重要参考依据。 相似文献
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厦门同安西柯对虾养殖池的细菌数量动态 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文研究了对虾养成期间养殖池生态系中细菌的数量动态,探讨其变化规律与虾病的关系。结果表明,总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌在水体、底质和虾体中的数量变化各异。在水体各菌数与其环境因子的关系中,除了总菌数与COD存在着正相关外,其它的不存在相关性。虾体的总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌的数量（以细胞计）可以用来预报虾病,三者的阅值分别为107个 ／g（湿重）、105个／g（湿重）和104介／g（湿重）。通过对对虾的细菌学跟踪监测,可以及时采取有效的应急防治措施。 相似文献
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The impact of milkfish fish pens on the distribution of the alpheid shrimp Alpheus macellarius was studied in the Bolinao area, Philippines. In addition, the impact of the alpheid shrimp on sediment biogeochemistry, including organic matter mineralization, nutrient and sulfur cycling was compared in sediments affected and unaffected by fish farming. The fish farming activity had negative impact on the distribution of shrimps by reducing the abundance up to 60% in the vicinity of the net pens, and to almost absence inside the net pens. At a farm site abandoned seven month prior to sampling the abundance of shrimps was still low and sediment pools of reduced sulfur high, indicating a slow benthic recovery. The shrimp had large physical impact on the sediments, and the mineralization rates were stimulated by the presence of the shrimp in pristine sediments, whereas the fish farm impacted sites showed high mineralization rates both in sediments with and without the presence of the shrimp suggesting that the organic matter enrichment stimulated the mineralization in these low-organic sediments, whereas the shrimp had less impact. Sulfate reduction rates and in particular pools of sulfides increased in the farm impacted sediments, and sulfate reduction was an important process for organic matter mineralization (>67%) in all sediments. Although the shrimp had minor effect on the organic matter mineralization and nutrient fluxes in the farm impacted sediments, they appeared to increase the oxidation of sulfides by increasing the zone of oxidized surface sediment and thereby improving the sediment conditions for recolonization after fish farming has ceased. 相似文献
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于1991年3 - 9月和1992年3 - 9月，在中国沿海广东、海南、福建、浙江、江苏、山东、河北、天津和辽宁等9个省市的养殖场采集中国对虾、斑节对虾和长毛对虾3种对虾标本，运用显微和亚显微观察方法，对养殖对虾的微型生物污着症进行研究。结果表明，患该症的对虾其体表污着生物群落通常由微型生物组成，包括各种细菌、藻类和原生动物，主要类群是具柄的缘毛美纤毛虫；其他观察到的常见类群包括丝状和非丝状的细菌、附着性藻类和吸管虫类；在养成期偶尔发现有营薛虫和藤壶等大型污着生物。对育苗期和养成期中国对虾体表的扫描电镜观察发现：在某些对虾体表，污着群落具有明显的分层现象。对虾体表的不同污着程度与其体表污着群落的不同发育阶段有关。据此，认为对虾体表微型生物污着症可能是一种慢性的疾病综合症。 相似文献
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光合细菌对养殖水体的生态调控作用 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
本文报道了养殖池施用光合细菌后，水中异养细菌、弧苗，发光细菌和光合细菌的消长情况，研究了它们的相互关系。结果表明，添加光合菌后，池水中光合细菌数量增加而弧菌和发光菌数量减少，表明了光合细菌具有调节养殖环境微生态系的作用。 相似文献
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Sverker Evans 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,18(6):651-672
The energy flow through the epibenthic community on a shallow soft bottom in Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, is evaluated. The interaction between the dominant epibenthic predators: brown shrimp Crangon crangon L., juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. and sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas), and their food supply is examined, and the fate of the biomass produced within the shallow water ecosystem is described. A steady state model is presented which describes the amounts, pathways and annual rates of energy flowing through the shallow water community. Field and laboratory studies are performed in order to validate the consumption rates of the fish and shrimp species. The brown shrimp occupies a key position in this ecosystem. It represents food, consisting of newly settled juveniles, both to its conspecifics and to other epibenthic species in shallow water. Sixty to eighty per cent of the annual production of shrimps in shallow water is consumed by the epibenthic predators. The brown shrimp constitutes a main predator on other epibenthic species and, by providing such feedback loops, the shrimp constitutes a highly significant regulator of epibenthic carnivores in shallow water. A loss from the benthic community will occur due to predation, maximally amounting to 24–34% of the annual production, which is a high value compared to similar areas. A dynamic simulation is also performed in order to calculate the seasonal change of energy in the epibenthic community in shallow water. Based on mortality calculations, the total output from the shallow nursery should amount to 0·6 g m−2 year−1 (dry wt). 相似文献