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1.
Hypersaline lakes occur in hydrologically closed basins due to evaporitic enrichment of dissolved salts transported to the lakes by surface water and groundwater. At the hypersaline Lydden Lake in Saskatchewan, Canada, groundwater/lake-water interaction is strongly influenced by the geological heterogeneity of glacial deposits, whereby a highly permeable glaciofluvial sand/gravel deposit is underlain by glaciolacustrine deposits consisting of dense clay interspersed with silt/sand lenses. Pressure head distribution in a near shore area indicates a bi-directional flow system. It consists of topographically driven flow of fresh groundwater towards the lake in the sand/gravel aquifer and density-driven, landward flow of saline groundwater in the underlying glaciolacustrine deposits. Electrical resistivity tomography, and chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater clearly show the landward intrusion of saline water in the heterogeneous unit. The feasibility of bi-directional flow and transport is supported by numerical simulations of density-coupled groundwater flow and transport. The results suggest that the geologically controlled groundwater exchange processes have substantial influences on both inputs and outputs of dissolved minerals in hypersaline lakes in closed basins.  相似文献   

2.
Little is known of the interactions between groundwater and surface water on deeply weathered landscapes of low relief in the Great Lakes Region of Africa (GLRA). The role of groundwater in sustaining surface-water levels during periods of absent rainfall is disputed and groundwater is commonly excluded from estimations of surface-water balances. Triangulated piezometers installed beside lake gauging stations on Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga in Uganda provide the first evidence of the dynamic interaction between groundwater and surface water in the GLRA. Stable isotope ratios (2H:1H, 18O:16O) support piezometric evidence that groundwater primarily discharges to lakes but show further that mixing of groundwater and lake water has occurred at one site on Lake Victoria (Jinja). Layered-aquifer heterogeneity, wherein fluvial-lacustrine sands overlie saprolite, gives rise to both rapid and slow groundwater fluxes to lakes which is evident from the recession of borehole hydrographs following recharge events. Darcy throughflow calculations suggest that direct contributions from groundwater to Lake Victoria comprise <1% of the total inflows to the lake. Groundwater/surface-water interactions are strongly influenced by changing drainage base (lake) levels that are controlled, in part, by regional climate variability and dam releases from Lake Victoria (Jinja).  相似文献   

3.
内蒙古五原县塔尔湖地区发育一系列湖泊,与当地干旱气候形成鲜明的对比,湖泊成因机制对河套地区第四纪水文地质、气候环境研究具有重要意义。对色尔腾山山前—塔尔湖湖泊—黄河沿线不同水体样品进行水化学测试后,利用Gibbs模型投影显示湖泊采样点主要落在蒸发-浓缩端元和岩石风化端元的过渡带,而远离大气降水作用带,地下水更靠近岩石风化端元,说明湖泊接受地下水补给,蒸发强烈;Piper三线图显示山前泉水以HCO3—Ca型为主,河套平原地下水以HCO3—Na、Cl—Na型为主,黄河水为HCO3—Na型,湖泊以Cl—Na型为主,说明塔尔湖地区地下水与湖泊存在水力联系,HCO3—Na型地下水经过蒸发浓缩作用转变成了盐度更高的Cl—Na型湖泊,导致盐分的聚集;地下水可溶性固体总量(TDS)自北向南由262 mg/l快速增加至2 296 mg/l,而湖泊TDS先升后降,最后小于地下水TDS,最大值在塔尔湖地区北部,为1 213 mg/l,说明湖泊还受现代黄河补给,地下水TDS变化满足山前—盆地的水文地质模型。塔尔湖地区的湖泊既可以发育于古河床亚相也可以发育于堤坝亚相,且湖泊呈零星分布,与古河道形成的牛轭湖特征不吻合,从而基本排除湖泊为古黄河残留的可能;潜水面之上的河流相沉积物由于风蚀作用被切穿,导致地下水出露,补给湖泊,从而推断塔尔湖地区湖泊主要为风蚀湖。  相似文献   

4.
This paper gives an account of the implementation of hydrochemical and isotopic techniques to identify and explain the processes that govern solute exchange in two groundwater-dependent shallow lakes in the Southeastern Pampa Plain of Argentina. Water samples (lakes, streams, spring water and groundwater) for hydrochemical and stable isotopic determination were collected and the main physical–chemical parameters were measured. The combination of stable isotope data with hydrogeochemical techniques was used for the identification of sources and preferential recharge areas to these aquatic ecosystems which allowed the explanation of the lake water origin. The hydrochemical processes which explain Los Padres Lake water chemistry are evaporation from groundwater, CO2 input, calcite dissolution, Na+ release by Ca2+ and Mg2+ exchange, and sulfate reduction. The model that best aligns with La Brava Lake hydrochemical constraints includes: mixing, CO2 and calcite dissolution, cationic exchange with Na+ release and Mg2+ adsorption, and to a lesser extent, Ca/Na exchange. This model suggests that the fractured aquifer contribution to this water body is greater than 50 %. An isotopic-specific fingerprint for each lake was identified, finding a higher evaporation rate for La Brava Lake compared to Los Padres Lake. Isotopic data demonstrate the importance of these shallow lakes as recharge areas to the regional aquifer, becoming areas of high groundwater vulnerability. The Tandilia Range System, considered in many hydrogeological studies as the impermeable bedrock of the Pampean aquifer, acts as a fissured aquifer in this area, contributing to low salinity waters and with a fingerprint similar to groundwater isotopic composition.  相似文献   

5.
Many lakes have been the object of hydraulic works in historical times, and the drainage tunnel carved by Romans for regulating the level of Lake Albano (Central Italy) can be considered as one of the most important historical hydraulic tunnels in the world. We sampled and analysed lake water, as well as groundwater samples from the Lake Albano emissary and another hydraulic work in the area (Ninfeo), which were analysed for their geochemical and isotopic composition in order to extract useful information for a possible reuse of the tunnel for anthropogenic purposes. The collected water samples exhibit common chemical features, typical of water–rock interaction processes in volcanic areas. Analyses of minor and trace elements confirmed the abovementioned results, indicating the presence of an atmospheric pollution source for heavy metals, although their concentrations are mostly below the Maximum Admitted Concentrations for drinking water issued by the World Health Organization. The chemical composition of dissolved gases indicated that both lake and groundwater are mainly enriched in CO2. Isotopic analyses suggested a clear volcanic origin for CO2 dissolved in lake water, while carbon dioxide in groundwater from the Roman emissary is produced by soil respiration. As further confirmed by Oxygen and Deuterium isotopic composition, the Roman emissary drains local suspended aquifers neither in contact with the lake water body nor influenced by volcanic activity, suggesting the opportunity to use the tunnel as a “zero-condition” monitoring site for individuating a possible future renewal of volcanic activity.  相似文献   

6.
《China Geology》2023,6(2):216-227
Yanhu Lake basin (YHB) is a typical alpine lake on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP). Its continuous expansion in recent years poses serious threats to downstream major projects. As a result, studies of the mechanisms underlying lake expansion are urgently needed. The elasticity method within the Budyko framework was used to calculate the water balance in the Yanhu Lake basin (YHB) and the neighboring Tuotuo River basin (TRB). Results show intensification of hydrological cycles and positive trends in the lake area, river runoff, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration. Lake expansion was significant between 2001 and 2020 and accelerated between 2015 and 2020. Precipitation increase was the key factor underlying the hydrological changes, followed by glacier meltwater and groundwater. The overflow of Yanhu Lake was inevitable because it was connected to three other lakes and the water balance of all four lakes was positive. The high salinity lake water diverted downstream will greatly impact the water quality of the source area of the Yangtze River and the stability of the permafrost base of the traffic corridor.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

7.
The Lake Chany complex and nearby lakes in western Siberia (Russian Federation) were studied to constrain the S cycle in these terrestrial lake environments. Surface water chemistry was characterized by Na–SO4–Cl composition, comparable to other inland basins in semi-arid climatic zones associated with marine evaporite-bearing formations at depth. Dissolved sulfates showed elevated δ34S (up to +32.3‰). These values are quite distinct from those in similar saline lakes in northern Kazakhstan, the Aral Sea, Lake Barhashi, and a gypsum deposit in the Altai Mountains. The localized distribution of such a unique S isotopic signature in dissolved SO4 negates both aeolian and catastrophic flooding hypotheses previously suggested for the genesis of the dissolved salts. The probable source of the dissolved SO4 in Lake Chany basin is inherited from hidden saline groundwaters (whose location and origins remain unclear) from eastern Paleozoic ranges with Upper Devonian formations with heavy S isotope values. Post-depositional enrichment of heavy S in the dissolved SO4 from saline sediments may be caused by local activity of SO4-reducing bacteria under the ambient supply of electron donors (dissolved river load organic matter and decaying bacterial mats) in the lake complex. Such microbial processes can remove up to ca. 60% of SO4 from the system. Extensive and intensive evaporation of lake fluids, ca. 40%, was indicated by the progressive enrichment of δ18O values in meteoric water samples collected along the river and lake system. This evaporation process compensates the microbial loss of SO4 dissolved in the incoming river water.  相似文献   

8.
The quantification of carbon burial in lake sediments, and carbon fluxes derived from different origins are crucial to understand modern lacustrine carbon budgets, and to assess the role of lakes in the global carbon cycle. In this study, we estimated carbon burial in the sediment of Lake Qinghai, the largest inland lake in China, and the carbon fluxes derived from different origins. We find that: (1) The organic carbon burial rate in lake sediment is approximately 7.23 g m−2 a−1, which is comparable to rates documented in many large lakes worldwide. We determined that the flux of riverine particulate organic carbon (POC) is approximately 10 times higher than that of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Organic matter in lake sediments is primarily derived from POC in lake water, of which approximately 80% is of terrestrial origin. (2) The inorganic carbon burial rate in lake sediment is slightly higher than that of organic carbon. The flux of riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is approximately 20 times that of DOC, and more than 70% of the riverine DIC is drawn directly and/or indirectly from atmospheric CO2. (3) Both DIC and DOC are concentrated in lake water, suggesting that the lake serves as a sink for both organic and inorganic carbon over long term timescales. (4) Our analysis suggests that the carbon burial rates in Lake Qinghai would be much higher in warmer climatic periods than in cold ones, implying a growing role in the global carbon cycle under a continued global warming scenario.  相似文献   

9.
Many lakes in northern high latitudes have undergone substantial changes in surface area over the last four decades, possibly as a result of climate warming. In the discontinuous permafrost of Yukon Flats, interior Alaska (USA), these changes have been non-uniform across adjacent watersheds, suggesting local controls on lake water budgets. Mechanisms that could explain the decreasing mass of one lake in Yukon Flats since the early 1980s, Twelvemile Lake, are identified via a scoping analysis that considers plausible changes in snowmelt mass and infiltration, permafrost distribution, and climate warming. Because predicted changes in evaporation (2  cmyr?1) are inadequate to explain the observed 17.5 cmyr?1 reduction in mass balance, other mechanisms are required. The most important potential mechanisms are found to involve: (1) changes in shallow, lateral groundwater flow to the lake possibly facilitated by vertical freeze-thaw migration of the permafrost table in gravel; (2) increased loss of lake water as downward groundwater flow through an open talik to a permeable subpermafrost flowpath; and (3) reduced snow meltwater inputs due to decreased snowpack mass and increased infiltration of snowmelt into, and subsequent evaporation from, fine-grained sediment mantling the permafrost-free lake basin.  相似文献   

10.
苏干湖盆地是嵌套在柴达木盆地中的一个封闭盆地,大、小苏干湖是盆地地表水和地下水的汇集中心,两湖相距20km,但大苏干湖为咸水湖、小苏干湖为淡水湖。文章通过氢、氧同位素分析盆地中大、小苏干湖湖水补给来源,解释了两湖虽近,但矿化度差别较大的原因。为解决敦煌盆地地下水资源短缺问题,政府部门计划从苏干湖盆地地下水的主要补给源——大哈尔腾河引水至党河当中,但湖水补给源的不同,导致引水对两湖影响不一。结果表明,大苏干湖湖水补给来源为大、小哈尔腾河上游4 800m以上冰雪融水补给,且径流路径长,蒸发强烈。小苏干湖主要由来自党河南山西段和阿尔金山区雨水补给,径流路径短。因此,大、小苏干湖矿化度差别较大,补给源的不同导致引水对大苏干湖湖水影响较大,而对小苏干湖湖水影响较小。  相似文献   

11.
Tertiary sediments around Lake Rudolf (now Lake Turkana) in the East African Rift Valley have yielded abundant palaeontological and palaeoanthropological remains. The present study provides a basis for interpreting the ancient lake environment and furthering our knowledge of rift valley lacustrine deposits. Bottom sediments in Lake Rudolf are fine-grained (average 71% clay) well laminated and have montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite as the principal clay minerals. The sediments are relatively poor in silica (40–45%) but rich in Fe2O3 (10%). Both mineral proportions and chemical composition change systematically over the area of the lake and delineate four sedimentological provinces: (1) iron-rich, silty kaolinitic muds (Omo Delta); (2) iron-rich, fine-grained montmorillonite muds (North Basin); (3) silty montmorillonite muds rich in Na2O and K2O (Central Delta); and (4) argillaceous calcite silts (South Basin). Omo Delta and North Basin sediments are derived from the volcanics of the Ethiopian plateau; the source of Central Delta sediments is the Precambrian metamorphic terrain of the rift valley margin; the South Basin has a restricted detrital input. The water in the lake is alkaline (pH 9.2) and moderately saline (TDS = 2500 p.p.m.). Comparisons with influent water from the Omo River indicate a 200-fold concentration for the lake water. Models based on equilibrium between sediments and water column account for most of the non-conservative chemical components in the lake water. Sedimentation rates are high (about 1 m per 1000 years) and the dominance of detrital sediments makes Lake Rudolf unusual in comparison with other closed-basin lakes in the African Rift Valley although some similarities with ancient rift valley deposits are suggested.  相似文献   

12.
The physico-chemical properties of water samples from the two athalassic endorheic lakes Bogoria and Nakuru in Kenya were analysed. Surface water samples were taken between July 2008 and October 2009 in weekly intervals from each lake. The following parameters were determined: pH, salinity, electric conductivity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the major cations (FAAS and ICP-OES) and the major anions (IC), as well as certain trace elements (ICP-OES). Samples of superficial sediments were taken in October 2009 and examined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) for their major and trace element content including rare earth elements (REE). Both lakes are highly alkaline with a dominance of Na > K > Si > Ca in cations and HCO3 > CO3 > Cl > F > SO4 in anions. Both lakes also exhibited high concentrations of Mo, As and fluoride. Due to an extreme draught from March to October 2009, the water level of Lake Nakuru dropped significantly. This created drastic evapoconcentration, with the total salinity rising from about 20‰ up to 63‰. Most parameters (DOC, Na, K, Ca, F, Mo and As) increased with falling water levels. A clear change in the quality of DOC was observed, followed by an almost complete depletion of dissolved Fe from the water phase. In Lake Bogoria the evapoconcentration effects were less pronounced (total salinity changed from about 40‰ to 48‰). The distributions of REE in the superficial sediments of Lake Nakuru and Lake Bogoria are presented here for the first time. The results show a high abundance of the REE and a very distinct Eu depletion of Eu/Eu* = 0.33–0.45.  相似文献   

13.
Tracing groundwater discharge in a High Arctic lake using radon-222   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
In the High Arctic, groundwater fluxes are limited by the presence of continuous permafrost, although it has been hypothesized that there may be localized groundwater flow and hydraulic connectivity beneath large lakes, due to the presence of taliks, or large regions of unfrozen ground. However, due to the logistical difficulty of employing seepage meters and piezometers in deep, ice-covered lakes, relatively little is known about groundwater discharge to polar lakes. One method of assessing groundwater discharge is through the use of geochemical tracers. We conducted a pilot study to quantify groundwater discharge into a High Arctic lake using dissolved radon gas as a geochemical tracer. Lake water was collected in 15 L polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags with minimal atmospheric interaction from a 25-m deep lake near Shellabear Point, Melville Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Sample bags were aerated through a closed water loop for 60 min to allow sufficient radon to equilibrate in a coupled air circuit. Radon in air concentrations were measured on a Durridge RAD7 portable alpha spectrometer. The field trial in a remote setting and separate tests with groundwater samples collected from a temperate site demonstrate the utility of the methodology. The limited results suggest that radon levels in the lower water column are elevated above background levels following nival melt in the surrounding watershed. Although these results are insufficient to quantify groundwater discharge, the results suggest subsurface flow may exist, and further study is warranted.  相似文献   

14.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics of central Jianghan Plain, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
The central Jianghan Plain is the semi-closed basin in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. A total of 78 water samples targeting groundwater were collected from 75 sites in this study site, the area between Yangtze River and Han River, including rivers and lakes for temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and ion composition measurements. Correlation matrix was used to assess the geochemical and anthropogenic processes. The most confined groundwater was grouped into HCO3–Ca–Mg, while phreatic groundwater and surface water had a more diversified hydrochemistry. The spatial variation in overall water quality as well as comparison with WHO (World Health Organization) standards for drinking water is illustrated. Mn, As and NO3 ? concentrations were found to exceed the allowable limits for drinking water of WHO guidelines, and they also show remarkable spatial variations. Abnormally high nitrate concentration, up to 150–190 mg/l, was found only in phreatic groundwater, which suggested that the nitrate pollution might be caused by agricultural activities. The present study may be helpful in further studies concerning water quality issues in this area where groundwater is a vital source for drinking and other activities.  相似文献   

15.
山东东平湖的变迁与黄河改道的关系   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文
根据历史文献以及巨野、梁山、戴庙钻孔剖面的分析与研究及对东平湖底沉积的调查,确定了大野泽、梁山泊、安山湖、东平湖的沉积记录,提出东平湖由大野泽、梁山泊、安山湖演化而来。通过对东平湖演化与黄河决口和改道关系的分析与对比,指出历史时期东平湖演化历程与黄河关系密切,经历了黄河决口注入和改道流经湖区,河水注入、湖面扩大,河徙水退、湖面萎缩。黄河第一次大改道期间注入和一次改道流经大野泽。黄河第二次大改道期间两次注入、其中一次改道流经大野泽,水面北侵形成梁山泊。黄河第三次大改道期间三次决口注入,两次改道流经梁山泊,湖面进一步扩大成“八百里梁山泊”,之后黄河仅数次决入,水源短缺,湖面萎缩。黄河第四次大改道期间未流入梁山泊,湖面进一步缩小。黄河第五次大改道期间曾两次注入梁山泊,湖面又扩大成为一片泽国,而后断绝黄河水源,被分成安山湖等北五湖,梁山泊岁久填淤,变湖为陆。黄河第六次大改道期间黄河水源断绝,北五湖水面北移,逐渐萎缩消失,仅安山湖经历一次黄河决入,并淤塞而成东平湖,黄河水断绝时湖底干涸,黄河大汛期曾倒灌入湖。  相似文献   

16.
通过对巴丹吉林沙漠东南部湖水和南缘地区地下水离子化学成分及其环境同位素分析,初步探讨了沙漠地区湖水和地下水之间补给的关系。沙漠湖水的离子化学特征显示沙漠东南部湖泊的演化趋势:微咸湖-咸水湖-盐水湖。显著不同的盐度、CO32-和HCO3-含量以及地质资料都表明,沙漠北部较大的湖泊和东南部的湖泊被一地形上的褶皱隆起阻隔而形成了不同的地下水补给体系。环境同位素的分析结果表明,巴丹吉林沙漠东南部的湖泊和地下水与沙漠东南边缘地区的地下水有着相似的蒸发趋势,暗示南缘地区的地下水和沙漠东南部地区湖泊之间存在一定的联系。同其他干旱地区地下水的同位素结果进行对比显示,雅布赖地区和沙漠地区的地下水应该是埋深较浅的地下潜水。因本次研究结果不支持单一远源或者深层地下水补给的观点,故推断沙漠东南部地区以及南缘地区的地下水主要是当地雨量丰沛时期的降水及南缘低山降水下渗补给的。  相似文献   

17.
Groundwater dominated lakes are an important feature of many landscapes. Their sediments are a particularly valuable source of paleoenvironmental information in semiarid regions where perennial lakes may otherwise be scarce. Where groundwater and lake composition are favorable, carbonate mineral precipitation, evaporative concentration of lake water, and microbial processes can combine to strongly deplete dissolved Ca relative to influent groundwaters. The authigenic carbonate flux (ACF) can then become limited by water column cation availability and thereby be coupled to groundwater inflow rates and aquifer recharge. Here we analyze sedimentary records from two marl-producing, groundwater-controlled lakes and demonstrate a link between one-dimensional ACF and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), a measure of land surface wetness. In a restricted outflow lake with high-carbonate alkalinity, ACF is enhanced during historically wet climatic periods in response to increased aquifer recharge rates. ACF in this lake declines during droughts. A neighboring dilute lake with a high rate of groundwater outflow shows comparatively weak coupling between ACF and PDSI history. Ionic chemistry, carbonate mineral equilibria, and δ13C patterns of dissolved inorganic carbon show that the sensitivity of the ACF signal depends on the degree of evaporative evolution of lake water and the mineral saturation state of the water column under conditions of stratification and ice cover.  相似文献   

18.
郑州市龙湖成湖方案研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
人工湖建设可能引起地下水位的抬升,将对周边生态环境造成影响,如部分河岸区的浸没、土壤次生盐渍化、地下水质恶化、影响湖周高层建筑物的地基承载力等。在分析人工湖渗漏问题基础上, 提出了在不采取防渗措施和采取防渗措施两种不同情况下的成湖方案, 并进行了防渗方案的优选。用地下水数值模型MODFLOW和优化模型MODMAN对处于黄河冲积平原地区拟开挖人工湖进行了数值模拟及优化。结果表明,在龙湖运行时,只要人工湖的渗漏量控制在一定范围内,辅之于相应的湖体周边的降水措施,就可有效避免各种环境问题的出现。  相似文献   

19.
Lake water, river water, and groundwater from the Lake Qinghai catchment in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China have been analyzed and the results demonstrate that the chemical components and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the waters are strictly constrained by the age and rock types of the tributaries, especially for groundwater. Dissolved ions in the Lake Qinghai catchment are derived from carbonate weathering and part from silicate sources. The chemistry of Buha River water, the largest tributary within the catchment, underlain by the late Paleozoic marine limestone and sandstones, constrains carbonate-dominated compositions of the lake water, being buffered by the waters from the other tributaries and probably by groundwater. The variation of 87Sr/86Sr ratios with cation concentrations places constraint on the Sr-isotopic compositions of the main subcatchments surrounding Lake Qinghai. The relative significance of river-water sources from different tributaries (possibly groundwater as well) in controlling the Sr distribution in Lake Qinghai provides the potential to link the influence of hydrological processes to past biological and physical parameters in the lake. The potential role of groundwater input in the water budget and chemistry of the lake emphasizes the need to further understand hydrogeological processes within the Lake Qinghai system.  相似文献   

20.
Groundwater mounds and hinge lines are important features related to the interaction of groundwater and lakes. In contrast to the transient formation of groundwater mounds, numerical simulations indicate that permanent groundwater mounds form between closely spaced lakes as the natural consequence of adding two net sinks to a groundwater flow system. The location of the groundwater mound and the position of the hinge lines between the two lakes are intimately related. As the position of the mound changes there is a corresponding shift in the position of the hinge line. This results in a change in the ratio of groundwater inflow to outflow (Qi/Qo) for the lake. The response of the lake is an increase or decrease in the lake level. Our simulations indicate that the movement of the hinge line in a natural system is a consequence of the dynamic interrelationships between recharge, the slope of the water table upgradient and downgradient of the lake, and the loss of water from the lake by evaporation. The extent of the seasonal movement of the hinge line will vary from one year to the next depending on local changes in the magnitude of the hydrologic variables. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

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