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1.
海洋水深信息对研究珊瑚礁海域资源与环境具有重要作用。南海珊瑚礁海域测深数据受多种条件限制施测困难,在时间与空间方面数量非常有限。文章针对南海岛礁海域以I类水体为主导的海水光学特性,以南沙群岛库归沙洲海域为例,使用Sentinel-2多光谱卫星遥感影像和同期过境的MODIS卫星数据,构建底质光谱,采用半分析半经验模型计算海水表面遥感反射率与海水叶绿素浓度,通过对数比值模型进行该地区光学浅水海域遥感水深反演分析,并进一步通过多时相反演水深融合提升精度。经与多波束实测水深数据验证,研究区域反演水深总体均方根误差和平均相对误差分别为2.68 m 和9.99%。该方法通过叶绿素浓度推演部分海水光学特性,可以从多光谱卫星影像中快速获取南海岛礁光学浅水海域初步水深信息,供相关海洋领域分析与应用。 相似文献
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河流悬浮泥沙动态监测对河道变迁、水利工程安全运行、生态和环境保护等都具有重要的应用价值,利用遥感技术可对大区域河流水体悬浮泥沙进行实时监测。与海洋和湖泊等大面积水体相比,当前对河流悬浮泥沙遥感关注较少,且已有研究主要关注入海河流河口区域。为充分发挥不同时间、空间和光谱分辨率多源卫星遥感资料优势,实现更广泛区域、不同级别河流的悬浮泥沙输运遥感监测,对国内外已发表的关于河流悬浮泥沙卫星遥感的数据源和模型进行了系统归纳,总结出河流悬浮泥沙卫星遥感研究中面临河流遥感反射率高精度提取、悬浮泥沙浓度高精度遥感和基于二维表层悬浮泥沙浓度遥感的三维通量遥感等挑战和难点;在此基础上,从去除邻近效应大气校正、考虑悬浮泥沙粒径分布的浓度遥感和悬浮泥沙输运通量三维遥感3个方面对河流悬浮泥沙遥感监测的未来发展进行了展望。 相似文献
3.
利用MODIS反演长江中游悬浮泥沙含量的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在众多卫星传感器中,中等分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)数据因其高的时间分辨率和中等的空间分辨率,对于水质研究具有自身的潜力和优越性.选取长江中游主河道武汉至宜昌段为例,利用MODIS 250 m波段数据定量反演了内陆河流悬浮泥沙的质量浓度.研究结果表明,地面实测的悬浮泥沙质量浓度与MODIS1,2波段的反射率组合(R1-R2)/(R1 R2)有很好的相关关系(相关系数 R2=0.72,样品数n=41),基于这种相关性建立了长江中游主河道武汉至宜昌段表层悬浮泥沙的遥感定量反演经验模型. 相似文献
4.
利用野外高光谱仪(ASD Field Spec radiometer)在长春南湖进行了反射光谱测量和同步水质采样分析,通过研究水体藻类叶绿素a浓度与其高光谱反射特征之间的相关关系,采用单波段反射率、反射率比值法和一阶微分法分别建立了叶绿素a的高光谱定量模型。结果表明:三者与叶绿素a线性相关程度都比较高,决定系数在0.70左右,而且其显著水平P<0.01,都可以用于叶绿素a的定量遥感,其中单波段模型效果最好。为今后利用高光谱传感器在南湖进行叶绿素a浓度大面积遥感反演提供了研究基础。 相似文献
5.
二类水体水色遥感的主要进展与发展前景 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18
Ⅱ类水体水色遥感是海洋水色遥感的难点和热点。针对Ⅱ类水体的光谱特性和海洋现象的特点，综述了水色卫星传感器在光谱波段配置、辐射探测性能和时空分辨率等方面的设计要求与技术进步。从水色遥感资料反演的两大关键技术——大气校正和生物光学算法两个方面，概述了Ⅱ类水体水色反演算法的研究现状和发展方向。根据我国近海的水体特点，提出了我国水色遥感研究需要解决的关键问题。 相似文献
6.
海洋水色卫星遥感研究与进展 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
系统介绍了目前海洋水色卫星遥感在海洋碳通量、生物海洋学及上层海洋过程研究,以及海岸带环境监测与管理中的主要应用方向;分析了上述应用对水色卫星传感器在时空分辨率、光谱波段设置和空间覆盖范围等方面的具体设计要求;概括了新一代水色卫星传感器的特点;指出了水色卫星遥感资料应用中的定标、大气校正及定量反演技术等关键问题;介绍了各国海洋水色卫星遥感的发展计划,提出了我国海洋水色卫星遥感研究的对策。 相似文献
7.
利用遥感影像反演地物反射率,大气校正必不可少。对于高光谱影像,其信噪比与多波段遥感影像相比非常低,消除大气的影响显得尤为重要。在大气辐射传输模型Modtran4.0基础上,给出了一种直接、有效的大气校正参数计算方法。结合MODIS/TERRA大气温湿度廓线产品,使用此方法计算了高光谱影像Hyperion大气校正参数,并用于Hyperion影像的部分波段的反射率反演,与卫星过境时地面同步实测的典型地物反射率以及高光谱大气校正软件ACORN的计算结果进行比较,获得了比较好的结果。研究表明,大气辐射传输模型和卫星遥感大气参数产品相结合用于遥感影像的大气校正是可行的。 相似文献
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以太湖为研究区域,同步获取悬浮物浓度实测数据、水体反射光谱数据和MODIS卫星影像数据,构建基于中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)的悬浮物遥感估测模型.为了削弱大气效应,对MODIS影像了进行了粗略大气纠正.通过悬浮物特征光谱分析,将MODIS各敏感波段及波段组合与悬浮物浓度实测值进行相关分析,并应用实测光谱数据进行验证.在此基础上,运用回归分析建立半经验反演模型,并对模型进行了评价和应用.研究结果表明,MODIS影像可以很好地对大型内陆湖泊的悬浮物浓度进行遥感估测.250 m波段2 500 m波段4与1 000 m波段14是探测悬浮物的敏感波段.波段组合上,500 m组合因子r4/r3、r4-r3估测悬浮物含量的精度很高,适于构建反演模型;1 000 m波段8、11、131、4的多元组合也是构建模型的较好选择(R2均不低于0.85). 相似文献
11.
Fan Wang Bin Zhou Xingmei Liu Gendi Zhou Keli Zhao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(6):1669-1677
Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is an important parameter for monitoring coastal water quality. Suspended particles are also the main optically active substances for ocean color remote sensing. It is important to study the surface reflectance spectra features of coastal turbid water, as it can be the basis for establishing more accurate remote-sensing inversion models. In this study, Hangzhou Bay, China, was selected as the study area. Two in situ measurement and sampling stations in the estuary of the Qiantang River which flows into Hangzhou Bay were set up separately. Above-water spectrum observation method, which the NASA recommended, was adopted to measure the reflection spectrum of turbid waters. Surface water samples were simultaneously collected to obtain the corresponding SSC data. The results showed that the total suspended particle concentrations in the Hangzhou Bay were typically high, and the inorganic suspended particle concentrations were far greater than the phytoplankton concentrations, which averages 705?mg/L and 1.16?mg/m3. The SSC at two sampling stations both showed significant temporal variability, particularly appearing short-period rapid fluctuations accompanying the tidal cycle. The measured surface water reflectance spectra all showed typical curve characteristics of high turbid water, and as the SSC increased, the corresponding reflectivity of surface water also increased. The increments at different wavelengths were variational, with two reflectance peaks appearing at 650?C700-nm and near the 800-nm wavelength of spectral curves, respectively. The first derivative of spectral curves showed that the first reflectance peak location appeared to be a ??red shift?? phenomenon with the SSC increasing. The correlation coefficients between the SSC of surface water and the remote-sensing reflectance according to moderate resolution imaging spectra-radiometer (MODIS) channels?? central wavelength were different significantly, which were larger at MODIS long-wavelength channels (>650?nm) and smaller at MODIS short-wavelength channels (400?C550?nm). The value of determination coefficient R 2 was 0.82 when the reflectance ratio of MODIS band 2 to band 1 was selected as the SSC sensitive bands combination and exponential regression analysis was employed. Therefore, the reflectance ratio of MODIS band 2 to band 1 can be adopted as the main band combination for establishing surface water SSC remote-sensing inversion model in the Hangzhou Bay. 相似文献
12.
Suspended sediment fluxes in a tidal wetland: Measurement, controlling factors, and error analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Suspended sediment fluxes to and from tidal wetlands are of increasing concern because of habitat restoration efforts, wetland
sustainability as sea level rises, and potential contaminant accumulation. We measured water and sediment fluxes through two
channels on Browns Island, at the landward end of San Francisco Bay, United States, to determine the factors that control
sediment fluxes on and off the island. In situ instrumentation was deployed between October 10 and November 13, 2003. Acoustic
Doppler current profilers and the index velocity method were employed to calculate water fluxes. Suspended sediment concentrations
(SSC) were determined with optical sensors and cross-sectional water sampling. All procedures were analyzed for their contribution
to total error in the flux measurement. The inability to close the water balance and determination of constituent concentration
were identified as the main sources of error; total error was 27% for net sediment flux. The water budget for the island was
computed, with an unaccounted input of 0.20 m3s−1 (22% of mean inflow), after considering channel flow, change in water storage, evapotranspiration, and precipitation. The
net imbalance may be a combination of groundwater seepage, overland flow, and flow through minor channels. Change of island
water storage, caused by local variations in water surface elevation, dominated the tidally averaged water flux. These variations
were mainly caused by wind and barometric pressure change, which alter regional water levels throughout the Sacramento-San
Joaquin River Delta. Peak instantaneous ebb flow was 35% greater than peak flood flow, indicating an ebbdominant system, though
dominance varied with the spring-neap cycle. SSC were controlled by wind-wave resuspension adjacent to the island and local
tidal currents that mobilized sediment from the channel bed. During neap tides sediment was imported onto the island but during
spring tides sediment was exported because the main channel became ebb dominant. Over the 34-d monitoring period 14,000 kg
of suspended sediment were imported through the two channels. The water imbalance may affect the sediment balance if the unmeasured
water transport pathways are capable of transporting large amounts of sediment. We estimate a maximum of 2,800 kg of sediment
may have been exported through unmeasured pathways, giving a minimum ent import of 11,200 kg. Sediment flux measurements provide
insight on tidal to fortnightly marsh sedimentation processes, especially in complex systems where sedimentation is spatially
and temporally variable. 相似文献
13.
通过实测查干湖高光谱数据,建立透明度(Secchi Disk Depth,SDD)单波段估测模型、比值估测模型以及神经网络高光谱估测模型,并以确定性系数R2以及剩余残差RMSE为指标进行了验证.通过对单波段估测模型和比值估测模型进行比较发现,单波段模型估测结果与比值模型相差无几,而水体透明度经对数处理有利于模型精度提高,但是神经网络模型是三者中最优的.查干湖透明度高光谱定量估测模型的建立,有利于今后利用遥感影像,对查干湖水体透明度进行全面估测,对于研究和监测查干湖水体水质状况有重要意义. 相似文献
14.
Satellite Estimates of Wide-Range Suspended Sediment Concentrations in Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary Using MERIS Data 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Fang Shen Wouter Verhoef Yunxuan Zhou Mhd. Suhyb Salama Xiaoli Liu 《Estuaries and Coasts》2010,33(6):1420-1429
The Changjiang (Yangtze) estuarine and coastal waters are characterized by suspended sediments over a wide range of concentrations
from 20 to 2,500 mg l−1. Suspended sediment plays important roles in the estuarine and coastal system and environment. Previous algorithms for satellite
estimates of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) showed a great limitation in that only low to moderate concentrations
(up to 50 mg l−1) could be reliably estimated. In this study, we developed a semi-empirical radiative transfer (SERT) model with physically
based empirical coefficients to estimate SSC from MERIS data over turbid waters with a much wider range of SSC. The model
was based on the Kubelka–Munk two-stream approximation of radiative transfer theory and calibrated using datasets from in
situ measurements and outdoor controlled tank experiments. The results show that the sensitivity and saturation level of remote-sensing
reflectance to SSC are dependent on wavelengths and SSC levels. Therefore, the SERT model, coupled with a multi-conditional
algorithm scheme adapted to satellite retrieval of wide-range SSC, was proposed. Results suggest that this method is more
effective and accurate in the estimation of SSC over turbid waters. 相似文献
15.
入库泥沙实时监测是三峡水库科学调度的重要基础。长江委水文局以比浊法浊度仪为主要研究对象,对三峡入库悬移质泥沙进行了1 500余次比测试验。并考虑不同水力和泥沙因子对含沙量的影响,提出了浊度与含沙量非线性回归模型及精度指标。研究表明,比浊法浊度仪施测浊度具有时效性强、性能稳定、自动化程度高等特点,计算含沙量过程与传统方法得到的含沙量变化过程一致,沙峰含沙量、次洪输沙量推算误差均能满足三峡水库科学调度的需要,可为三峡水库科学调度提供技术支撑。 相似文献
16.
Aijun WANG 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2010,4(4):403-409
Situated at the junction of land and sea, coastal salt marshes are very sensitive to global environmental changes. Existing
numerical models simulating the vertical growth of coastal salt marshes are under the conditions of low suspended sediment
concentration (SSC), but under high SSC, such as in the Jiangsu coast of China, the models need to be refined. In this paper,
based on the mass balance principle, a refined zero-dimensional time-stepped model is applied after considering the average
suspended sediment concentration (ASSC). The statistical results of in situ observation data show that there is an obvious
positive linear relationship between ASSC and maximum inundation height, and an obvious positive exponential one between inundation
time and inundation height. Using the short-term measurement values for the input parameters and incorporating the above-mentioned
relationship between SSC and inundation height, the sedimentation rates are calculated, and the results are similar to previous
data. In addition, some factors and hydrodynamic processes that were ignored or simplified could influence the calculated
value. 相似文献
17.
遥感水深反演是水深测量的一种重要技术和手段.以美济礁水深反演为例,选择WorldView-02高分影像为数据源,在辐射定标和大气校正的基础上,构建BP（Back Propagation）和RBF（Radial Basis Function）人工神经网络水深反演模型,以遥感影像8个波段为输入层,通过tansig、logsig、高斯函数和purelin函数变换实现从输入层到隐含层、隐含层到输出层的转换,以便反演水深.最后对反演水深与实测水深采用回归分析,求解决定系数（coefficient of determination,R2）、平均决定误差（Mean Absolute Error,MAE）、均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）等进行比较,评价2种模型的精度.结果表明,RBF神经网络模型结构更简单,对样本要求更低,反演精度达到0.995,更适合遥感水深反演. 相似文献