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1.
基于南海北部大陆边缘珠江口—琼东南盆地深水区实施的14条近垂直深反射地震探测叠加速度谱,利用Dix公式将叠加速度剖面转换为地壳层速度剖面,并利用时深转换方法构建了深度域地壳层速度模型,综合各地壳速度剖面分析了南海北部大陆边缘珠江口与琼东南盆地不同深度层次的P波速度变化趋势以及地壳几何分层特征.结果表明,琼东南盆地区可分为4～8 km沉积层（VP为1.7～4.7 km/s）、4～10 km厚的上地壳层（VP为5.2～6.3 km/s）、5 km〗左右的下地壳层（VP为6.4～7.0 km/s）以及2～6 km厚的高速下地壳底层（VP＞7.0 km/s）.VP＞7.0 km/s下地壳高速层的存在被认为是岩石圈伸展、下地壳底部底辟构造或者是残存的原始华夏下地壳基性层的地震学指示;综合研究区地球物理探测成果构建了跨越华南大陆与南海北部陆坡区剖面莫霍和岩石圈底界图像,揭示出岩石圈上地幔在华南大陆与南海北部大陆边缘的减薄特征. 相似文献
2.
地壳和上地幔结构及其性质对于理解地球浅部构造演化过程具有非常重要的指示作用.南海地区位于亚洲东南部,其构造演化长期以来受到了特提斯和太平洋构造域的控制.晚中生代以来,南海北部经历了主动大陆边缘向被动大陆边缘的演化,并且发生了多期次拉张构造运动,形成了一系列裂陷和盆地.近几年来,地震学探测方面的丰硕成果为理解此过程提供了有效的约束.(1)地壳结构方面而言:海底地震探测结果表明,南海北部陆缘地壳厚度范围为7～32 km,最厚和最薄处分别对应着东沙隆起和白云凹陷.深地震反射/折射剖面结果显示南海东北部大陆架和洋陆过渡带的下地壳底部发育有明显的高速层,厚度为0～10 km,且向洋盆减薄并尖灭,此特征与张裂运动后岩浆底侵过程一致.东沙隆起的上地壳岩性为长英质,表明该区12 km厚的下地壳高速层可能与中生代太平洋板块俯冲产生的火山弧有关.(2)在岩石圈尺度上:面波成像结果显示,南海北部的岩石圈比周边陆块的要薄一些,大致在60～75 km之间,为中生代俯冲形成的软弱带.(3)上地幔结构方面:体波层析成像结果表明在南海北部地区地幔转换带内存在高速异常,三重震相波形拟合则进一步约束了该高速异常体,即厚度为209～225 km,P波高速异常为1.5％～3.5％,其可能为中生代太平洋俯冲板片或伴随有大陆岩石圈拆沉体,也可能是古南海北部板片的俯冲残留体.滞留板片带来的低温异常导致410 km间断面抬升了 5 km,660 km间断面下沉了 5～15km.与此同时,在地幔转换带之上存在厚度为60～75 km,P波低速异常为2.0％～2.5％的低速层,其可能与地幔转换带内俯冲板片脱水有关. 相似文献
3.
在分析归纳中国大陆地区地震震源深度分布特征的基础上 ,着重分析了地壳介质的物理性质 ,特别是地壳介质的流变特征 ,进而探讨了震源深度分布的物理解释和孕震环境。文中应用中国陆区地热研究中的有关成果 ,推导了中国东、西部地区壳内脆韧性转换带的深度 ,给出东部地区壳内脆韧性转换带深度为 2 0～ 2 5km ,西部地区为 35～ 4 5km ,这一结果显示出壳内脆韧性转换带与我国东、西部震源深度的下界面基本一致 ,且中国大陆地震的深度大体上终止于壳内脆韧性转换带。从而表明 ,壳内脆韧性转换带有可能是控制大陆地震震源深度分布的主要原因。在这些研究的基础上 ,建立了大陆强震的震源模型 ,讨论了大陆地震的孕震过程和有关机理问题 相似文献
4.
利用双差地震定位方法对鄂尔多斯东缘地区（34°N-41°N,110°E-115°E）2008年1月-2012年12月的中小地震进行了重新定位.重定位后,定位精度得到改善,震中分布更加集中.鄂尔多斯东缘拉张盆地内部震源深度较浅,大多小于13 km,向盆地两端震源深度有加深的趋势,特别是太原盆地北端,临汾盆地北端,以及运城与临汾盆地之间的峨眉台地,震源深度可达20~25 km左右.我们认为盆地内部地壳减薄,上地幔上隆,热作用导致地壳内部脆性层减薄,致使最大震源深度变浅;盆地之间的横向隆起区受区域应力场挤压剪切作用以及盆地内部上地幔上拱产生的水平向挤压力作用等,在横向隆起区与盆地接触带易产生应力集中,导致地震的发生,由于受脆性层厚度变化等的影响,在盆地向横向隆起区过渡部位出现震源深度加深的现象.鄂尔多斯东北缘地区地震分布弥散、震源深度相对较浅,可能与源自地幔的大范围深部热作用以及地壳脆性层厚度减薄有关.根据地震的空间分布特征,对部分盆地内部的断层特征进行了讨论. 相似文献
5.
本文分析了地震构造特征及其与地壳结构的关系,用有限元法计算了岩石圈内的应力-应变状态,讨论了地震活动的动因问题.下扬子——南黄海中-弱地震区为杭州湾——秦岭、郯庐和长江口——济州岛三条一级断裂带所控制.壳内5——20km 深度区间是一优势震源层.在5——15km 深度范围的主体震源层内,地震频度达70%以上.其中10——15km 区间地震频度最高.该震源层与中地壳低密层和地壳磁性层相叠置.有限元计算表明,震源层内地壳水平位移最大;伴随异常地幔侧翼断裂或破碎带的垂向震源带是最大主应力和应变状态转换的梯度带.从而认为,岩石圈由陆向海的裂离蠕散和地壳层滑是该区地震活动的主要动因. 相似文献
6.
汕头－吕宋岛岩石圈速度结构与震源构造──台湾浅滩7．3级地震构造之一 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汕头－吕宋岛岩石圈速度结构剖面，划分出华南陆缘古生代陆壳、陆架区晚古生代－中生代陆壳、陆坡带中生代－早第三纪过渡壳、新生代南海海盆洋壳及吕宋岛中生代－新生代岛弧陆壳与东吕宋海槽洋壳等地壳构造组分，并确定了上述地壳构造之间的边界断裂构造及其性质。结合地震震源分布及机制，初步确定了华南陆架盆岭构造带北、南两侧地震构造的控震构造与发震构造性质及其震源力学特征；１）指出１９９４年９月１６日台湾浅滩７．３级地震属于板缘壳幔地震及造成一千公里有感范围的原因；２）马尼拉海沟的海底地堑构造与南海海盆岩石圈地幔上隆是马尼拉海沟俯冲带震源显示正断层性质的原因，且为被动的或转换俯冲带；３）东吕宋海槽仍属于菲律宾海俯冲带性质；吕宋岛东西两侧俯冲带岩石圈板片震源深度的准三层分布，可能表明俯冲带岩石圈板片存在相应的低速滑移层。 相似文献
7.
南海北部陆缘地震带的深部结构和孕震机制 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
南海北部陆缘地震带的地震震源基本上分布在地壳内６￣１３ｋｍ和１７￣２２ｋｍ两个深度范围内,发震层恰好位于区内中地震低速层和下地壳低速层的顶部附近。地壳深部结构的不稳定性以及侧向应力和垂向应力共同作用下的平移正断层错动,可能是该带地震孕育、发生的一种重要机制。 相似文献
8.
三维黏弹性数值模拟华北盆地地震空间分布与构造应力积累关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
华北盆地为我国板内地震多发区域,历史以来相继发生多次破坏性大地震.前人地震勘探与震源定位结果揭示了华北地震的空间分布特征:横向上,华北地震基本发生在地壳的薄弱地带(Moho面上隆),或者地壳厚度的急剧变化带;纵向上,华北地震在地壳一定深度范围内呈现成层分布特征;主震一般在上地壳底部9~15 km深度范围,余震多发生在大约深5~25 km的上地壳与中地壳范围内,在中地壳下层与下地壳中仅有少量或者鲜见有余震发生.为研究解释华北盆地地震空间分布的以上特征,本文建立了华北盆地岩石圈三维黏弹性有限元模型.震源机制和GPS反映华北盆地处于NNE最大主压应力方向挤压,因此对模型边界施以恒定的位移速率边界条件;数值模拟华北岩石圈各层位在数百年以上长期匀速构造挤压作用下的应力积累特征,分析了华北地震空间分布与构造应力积累速率的关系,探讨了地壳结构与地壳分层流变性质对地壳应力积累的影响.计算结果表明,Moho面的隆起与地壳各层位岩石介质的黏滞系数是华北盆地地震孕育的重要因素.华北盆地在构造挤压的持续作用下,Moho面隆起处产生明显应力集中现象.该区域应力在长时期的积累过程中,在脆性的上地壳与中地壳上层,应力表现近于线性增长趋势,上地壳底部较其它深度有最大的应力增长率,其主震可以在应力积累至岩石破裂强度时发生;在脆、韧性转换的中地壳下层,应力增长速率次之,华北地震的大部分余震可能在该层位为主震所触发;而在柔性的下地壳应力增长近于指数形式,稳定状态之后其应力增长速率近于零,而鲜有地震发生.地壳各层位的应力增长率差异与地震成层分布的现象揭示了华北地壳的分层流变性质:脆性(上地壳)-较弱脆性(中地壳上层)-较弱韧性(中地壳下层)-较强韧性(下地壳)-韧性(岩石圈上地幔)的分层流变结构. 相似文献
9.
南海北部洋陆转换带是近年来基础科学研究和深水油气勘探热点地区.本文在详细研究南海北部洋陆转换带新采集的二维长电缆深反射地震剖面资料的基础上,采用挠曲悬臂梁模型和挠曲回剥模型算法,分别计算了上地壳、地壳和整个岩石圈拉伸系数,实验结果表明,研究区洋陆转换带盆地岩石圈发生了与深度相关的拉伸变形过程,并且随深度增加,拉伸量逐渐变大,该结果解释了南海北部盆地裂后阶段发生的加速沉降现象.同时,本文结合南海北部洋陆转换带盆地发育过程的特点,将洋陆转换带盆地演化划分为陆内裂陷阶段、裂后热沉降阶段和裂后加速沉降阶段.本研究将有助于认识南海北部深水盆地特征,并对大陆边缘动力学研究和陆缘盆地深水区油气勘探有重要意义. 相似文献
10.
本文利用近年来地震及地壳结构资料,研究了震源深度分布。震源主要分布在4—20公里的深度范围内,称为地震活跃层,大多数地震又都集中于厚度为10—15公里的层内,称为地震密集层,密集层的深度因地而异,震源大多位于花岗岩质层。地震活跃层的分布由粘滑机制及脆性剪切破裂可能存在的范围决定,它的上界主要由稳定滑动—粘滑过渡区决定,下界由脆性—延性形变过渡区决定。地震活跃层及密集层的深度由地壳中的温度、压力及岩石条件决定。震源有成层分布的现象,可能与地壳中各界面的层间粘滑有关 相似文献
11.
D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
12.
The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
13.
综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
14.
The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4. 相似文献
15.
16.
As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10
3
Poise 相似文献
17.
On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors. 相似文献
18.
地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。 相似文献
19.
Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
20.
在数据完整率达到95%的基础上,为进一步确保中国大陆构造环境监测网络GNSS基准站观测数据质量,选取2010—2020年全国基准站观测数据,采用TEQC软件进行质量检验,分类整理其中多路径效应计算结果呈典型特征的台站,结合观测环境状态,对多路径效应存在的区域性特征进行分析,发现除接收机天线周围发生遮挡外,硬件更换、台站周围地势差等因素,均对多路径效应产生不同程度的影响,可为建站选址和观测环境监测工作提供参考。 相似文献