共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 809 毫秒
1.
This paper presents a novel mass-conservative mixed multiscale method for solving flow equations in heterogeneous porous media. The media properties (the permeability) contain multiple scales and high contrast. The proposed method solves the flow equation in a mixed formulation on a coarse grid by constructing multiscale basis functions. The resulting velocity field is mass-conservative on the fine grid. Our main goal is to obtain first-order convergence in terms of the mesh size which is independent of local contrast. This is achieved, first, by constructing some auxiliary spaces, which contain global information that cannot be localized, in general. This is built on our previous work on the generalized multiscale finite element method (GMsFEM). In the auxiliary space, multiscale basis functions corresponding to small (contrast-dependent) eigenvalues are selected. These basis functions represent the high-conductivity channels (which connect the boundaries of a coarse block). Next, we solve local problems to construct multiscale basis functions for the velocity field. These local problems are formulated in the oversampled domain, taking into account some constraints with respect to auxiliary spaces. The latter allows fast spatial decay of local solutions and, thus, allows taking smaller oversampled regions. The number of basis functions depends on small eigenvalues of the local spectral problems. Moreover, multiscale pressure basis functions are needed in constructing the velocity space. Our multiscale spaces have a minimal dimension, which is needed to avoid contrast dependence in the convergence. The method’s convergence requires an oversampling of several layers. We present an analysis of our approach. Our numerical results confirm that the convergence rate is first order with respect to the mesh size and independent of the contrast. 相似文献
2.
基于光谱相似尺度的支持向量机蚀变信息提取 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
文章提出一种基于光谱相似尺度(spectral similarity scale-SSS)的支持向量机(support vector machines-SVM)遥感数据矿化蚀变信息提取的新方法.该方法选择青海两兰地区作为遥感矿化蚀变信息典型研究区,利用该区域的Landsat7ETM遥感影像结合地面实况调查数据,从图像上选取少量具有代表性的样本点的光谱作为参考光谱,利用SSS方法提取训练样本,然后应用SVM算法进行遥感矿化蚀变信息提取.试验结果经野外检查和验证,效果良好. 相似文献
3.
滑坡位移的多模态支持向量机模型预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）方法与信号分析中的经验模态分解（empirical mode decomposition, EMD）方法相匹配,提出了一种通过多模态支持向量机函数回归分析建模预测滑坡位移的理论方法。以边坡位移历史观测数据为基础,应用EMD方法获得滑坡形成过程中位移演化的几个特征时间模态,构成了多模态信息统计学习样本,确定了边坡位移演化的自适应多尺度变化信息。对应于每个经验模态的位移变化信息,引入了多模态SVM建模方法,然后合成不同经验模态下边坡位移的计算结果,得到滑坡位移的预测值。以卧龙寺新滑坡和新滩滑坡的监测数据为基础的理论预测结果表明,与采用遗传算法的神经网络方法的预测结果相比,支持向量机经验模态方法具有更强的预测能力,理论预测结果与实际监测值具有很好的一致性 相似文献
4.
The fundamental possibility of reliably removing the π ambiguity from the transverse magnetic field detected in solar vector magnetographic measurements, independent of the location of the vector magnetograms on the solar disk is demonstrated. The corrected magnetograms are then used as boundary conditions for the reconstruction of the three-dimensional magnetic field. The calculated field lines agree well with observed non-potential magnetic loops. The π ambiguity is removed using a modified Metropolis algorithm adapted to a spherical geometry. The spatial configuration of the magnetic field is calculated in a nonlinear force-free approximation using an optimization method. Tests of the new algorithm for resolving the π ambiguity are demonstrated for various model cases and comparisons with results of the NPFC method. 相似文献
5.
This paper deals with multiscale modeling of poloidal and toroidal fields such as geomagnetic field and currents. The wavelets
are developed from scale-dependent regularizations of the Green function with respect to the Beltrami operator. They are constructed
as to be locally compact, thus, allowing a locally reflected (zooming-in) reconstruction of the geomagnetic quantities. Finally,
a reconstruction algorithm is indicated in form of a tree algorithm. 相似文献
6.
As a first approximation, the Earth is a sphere; as a second approximation, it may be considered an ellipsoid of revolution.
The deviations of the actual Earth’s gravity field from the ellipsoidal “normal” field are so small that they can be understood
to be linear. The splitting of the Earth’s gravity field into a “normal” and a remaining small “disturbing” field considerably
simplifies the problem of its determination. Under the assumption of an ellipsoidal Earth model, high observational accuracy
is achievable only if the deviation (deflection of the vertical) of the physical plumb line, to which measurements refer,
from the ellipsoidal normal is not ignored. Hence, the determination of the disturbing potential from known deflections of
the vertical is a central problem of physical geodesy. In this paper, we propose a new, well-promising method for modelling
the disturbing potential locally from the deflections of the vertical. Essential tools are integral formulae on the sphere
based on Green’s function with respect to the Beltrami operator. The determination of the disturbing potential from deflections
of the vertical is formulated as a multiscale procedure involving scale-dependent regularized versions of the surface gradient
of the Green function. The modelling process is based on a multiscale framework by use of locally supported surface curl-free
vector wavelets.
相似文献
7.
Mohamed Sharif Berguig Mohamed Hamoudi Jean Louis Lemouël Yves Cohen 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(4):1063-1072
In this work, we report a global mapping of vector lunar magnetic field based on new method of separation of internal and external fields. The magnetic measurements collected during the lifetime of lunar prospector (LP) extended mission during 1999 were strongly disturbed by the solar wind, a period which coincided with a maximum of the 23 cycle activity. The multiscale wavelength external fields were analyzed using spherical harmonic transform. The external field determined by inversion was then removed from each magnetic field component for each half orbit. To map the vector magnetic crustal anomalies, all LP magnetometer data collected at low altitudes in the three different lunar environments: (1) geomagnetic tail, (2) solar wind, and (3) geomagnetic sheath were processed using this new approach. The results obtained using these selection criteria allow us to get a global coverage of the lunar surface by the vector magnetic field at variable spacecraft low altitudes. To validate our mapping, we have developed and applied a method based on properties of potential fields functions. This method can be used to determine both horizontal north and east components using only vertical component. The validated lunar internal magnetic measurements obtained at variable spacecraft altitudes were then continued to a common altitude of 30 km using an inverse method. This mapping confirms firstly the nature of the crustal sources of lunar magnetic field and clearly shows that the strongest concentrations of anomalies are associated with high albedo and/or located antipodal to large young basins (Orientale, Serenitatis, Imbrium, and Crisium) of age about 3.9 Ga. 相似文献
8.
9.
为准确测定天然流场和人工流场下的地下水渗漏隐患,从能量测量的角度提出了一种水文地质测井的新方法——声呐渗流矢量法,系统地介绍了该方法的基本理论、原型仪器和测试步骤等内容。以时差法测量原理为基础,融合了矢量声呐技术、航空定向技术、压力传导技术、GPS定位等多种新技术,自主研发了声呐渗流测量仪及其显控软件,能够准确测定渗漏部位、渗漏通道以及流速、流向、流量等量化指标。并以富水地层地下连续墙基坑为工程案例,建立三维可视化渗流场成像系统,揭示三维空间渗流场分布特征,动态指导基坑渗控设计和堵漏处理,通过复测验证堵漏处理效果。结果表明：声呐渗流矢量法能够实现地下工程渗漏缺陷精准定位,在无强噪声干扰的情况下,检测结果完全满足工程渗控需要;提出以渗透流速为主、单孔渗流量和渗透系数为辅的基坑渗漏风险预警分级判定指标;结合地质勘察、监测预警、现场巡查、应急处置等手段,与其他方法相互验证,提前采取处理措施,有效规避渗漏水风险。 相似文献
10.
This paper studies the excavation of a spherical cavity subjected to hydrostatic initial stresses in the infinite homogeneous and isotropic rock mass with strain‐softening Mohr–Coulomb (M‐C) and Hoek–Brown (H‐B) behaviors. Numerical solutions of the spherical cavity are obtained and the application to determining stress–strain curve of strain‐softening M‐C and H‐B rock mass is studied. A closed‐form solution for the elastic–brittle–plastic medium is introduced first, and then a numerical procedure that simplifies the strain‐softening process into a series of brittle–plastic ones is presented. The approach is validated against the facts that the strain‐softening process evolves into a brittle–plastic one when the softening slope is very steep, whereas it evolves into an elasto‐plastic one when the softening slope approaches zero. Numerical solutions for the prediction of displacements and stresses around the spherical cavity in the strain‐softening M‐C and H‐B rock mass are presented. On the basis of the analysis of the spherical cavity in strain‐softening rock mass, the stress–strain relationship at an infinitesimal cube around the cavity is obtained and discussed with different evolution laws for the strength parameters considered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
地震资料处理是地震勘探中的关键环节,由于地下构造和地表条件的复杂性,地震资料的处理需要经过一系列复杂流程,从而形成多种不同类型的地震数据。不同种类的地震数据具有不同的数据特征,充分利用和发掘其中的数据特征,不仅可以充分发挥处理方法的技术潜力,消除各类非地质因素对地震资料处理质量的影响,同时可以增强地震资料处理的可靠性,改善地震资料的资料信噪比及分辨率,在复杂油气藏勘探开发中具有非常重要的基础作用。叠前地震成像道集（CRP）中的有效信号同相轴近似水平,叠后地震成像数据因为地层沉积的规律性,有效信号相比于随机噪声、成像画弧噪声等干扰具有规律、简单等特点。具体表现为CRP道集及叠后地震资料有效信号具有多尺度自相似性的特征,其高维Fourier （FK或FKK）域主要能量集中在低频、低波数区域。针对上述地震数据的特点,提出一种基于先验信息约束的深度网络地震资料无监督噪声压制方法。受到深度图像先验（DIP）的启发,神经网络的结构可以视为一种特殊的隐式先验信息,合理设计网络结构可以使得网络具有多尺度自相似性特征的提取能力。由于叠前地震成像道集数据和叠后地震成像数据有效信号的多尺度自相似性,而噪声不具备这一特性,因此,特定结构的网络可以从原始数据提取出有效信号,从而达到噪声压制的目的。叠前成像道集和叠后成像的实际数据随机噪声压制试验结果表明,本文方法具有良好的保真性与鲁棒性。此外,由于本文方法具有强大的特征提取能力,因此,对常规方法不易压制的弧状成像噪声也有良好的效果。 相似文献
12.
电磁脉冲干扰是大地电磁测深系统(MT)信号的主要噪声之一,严重影响后续视电阻率和阻抗的计算及目标信息的提取。针对脉冲类噪声在时间域中的变化特征,利用经验模态分解（EMD）对脉冲类电磁噪声进行压制处理。首先,对大地电磁信号经EMD分解后得到N个本征模态函数（IMF）;然后,对每一阶的IMF选择一个合适的阀值,对于该IMF中超出该阀值的部分进行截断;最后,进行EMD重构。实测数据测试表明:改正后信号能量损失小, 与改正前信号相关性高, 可有效地抑制脉冲类噪声干扰。 相似文献
13.
基于随机森林模型的城市不透水面提取研究 ——以呼和浩特市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
城市不透水面信息对于城市生态环境动态演化过程研究具有重要意义。以Landsat 8遥感影像为数据源,以呼和浩特市为实证区域,进行了随机森林模型应用于城市不透水面的提取研究,并与目前应用广泛的支持向量机模型进行了对比分析。研究表明：在不同的抽样比例训练样本条件下,随机森林模型对于城市不透水面的提取精度均优于支持向量机的提取精度;对于随机森林模型和支持向量机模型,70%的训练样本比例均为最佳训练样本抽样比例。在该抽样比例下,随机森林模型提取城市不透水面的总体分类精度为93.29%,Kappa系数为0.9051,支持向量机模型的总体分类精度为91.26%,Kappa系数为0.8757;随机森林模型对于城市裸土的识别度较高,能更好地将城市裸土和不透水面进行区分,而支持向量机模型对于城市裸土、不透水面和绿地的区分能力均弱于随机森林模型。综合而言,随机森林模型对城市不透水面的提取精度优于支持向量机模型,随机森林模型可以有效应用于城市不透水面提取领域,进一步丰富了城市不透水面提取方法体系构成。 相似文献
14.
Multiscale seismic tomography and mantle dynamics 总被引：15，自引：10，他引：5
In this article we first introduce the methodology of multiscale seismic tomography and the way to interpret the obtained tomographic images, and then review the significant recent results of multiscale seismic tomography with emphasis on mantle plumes and subducting slabs. Global and regional tomography shows that most of the slab materials under Western Pacific and East Asia are stagnant in the mantle transition zone before finally collapsing down to the core–mantle boundary as a result of large gravitational instability from phase transitions. Local and teleseismic tomography studies have imaged clearly the subducting slabs and arc magma chambers in the upper-mantle wedge, indicating that geodynamic systems associated with arc magmatism and back-arc spreading are related to deep processes, such as convective circulation in the mantle wedge and dehydration reactions of the subducting slab. Because most hotspots are located in poorly instrumented continental and oceanic regions, 3-D crust and upper-mantle structure is determined for only a few hotspots such as Iceland, Yellowstone and Eifel which are covered by seismic networks, and plume-like slow anomalies are revealed under those hotspots. Global tomography has revealed deep mantle plumes under the major hotspots such as Hawaii, Iceland, Kerguelen, South Pacific and Africa. Strong lateral heterogeneities are revealed at the bottom of the mantle, which are associated with the deeply subducted slabs and the birth of mantle plumes. A thorough understanding of the deep Earth structure will only be achieved by a combination of more effective seismic imaging techniques and dense coverage of global seismic networks, particularly in the oceans. 相似文献
15.
A large-strain elastoplastic analysis is presented for a cylindrical cavity embedded in an infinite medium under uniform radial pressure. The investigation employs invariant, non-associated deformation-type theories for Mohr–Coulomb (M–C) and Drucker–Prager (D–P) solids, accounting for arbitrary hardening, with the equivalent stress as the independent variable. The M–C model results in a single first-order differential equation, whereas for the D–P solid an algebraic constraint supplements the governing differential equation. Material parameters and response characteristics were determined by calibrating the models with data from triaxial compression tests on Castlegate sandstone and on Jurassic shale. A comparison is presented between predictions obtained from the two models and experimental data from hollow cylinder tests under external loading. A sensitivity of the results to material parameters, like friction and dilation angles, is provided for the case of a cavity subjected to internal pressure in terms of limit pressure predictions. In all cases it has been found that the results of the D–P inner cone model are in close agreement with those obtained from the M–C model. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
针对低孔、低渗致密储层识别较常规储层难这一问题,首次应用核主成分分析与支持向量机(KPCA-SVM)模型进行储层识别.该模型先通过核主成分分析(KPCA)进行非线性特征参数提取,然后将提取的特征参数作为支持向量机(SVM)的输入变量,最终实现储层识别.由于KPCA-SVM模型集成了核函数、主成分和支持向量分类机的优点,较好地解决非线性小样本的问题,能消除数据之间的噪音,降低维数,而又不缺失有效信息,达到准确快速预测的功能.将该模型应用到新场须二气藏新856井区储层预测中,预测结果验证了本模型的优越性,可作为致密储层预测的可选方法. 相似文献
17.
Spectral unmixing estimates the abundance of each endmember at every pixel of a hyperspectral image. Each material in traditional unmixing algorithms is represented through a constant spectral signature. However, endmember variability always exists due to environmental, atmospheric, and temporal conditions, which leads to poor accuracy of the estimated abundances. This paper proposes a new unmixing algorithm based on a new linear transformation called endmember orthonormal mapping (EOM) to overcome the aforementioned problem. The EOM transformation maps original spectral space to a new EOM space to reduce endmember variability. In the original spectral space, each material is represented by a set of spectra (endmember set) which is extracted using the automated endmember bundles (AEB) method. The EOM transforms each endmember set to a vector in the EOM space so that these vectors are orthonormal. On account of orthonormalized endmembers, the condition number of the mixing matrix in the EOM space reduces. Furthermore, we consider the noise term as an additional virtual endmember set mapped to a vector that is orthogonal to other endmembers. As a result, a promising unmixing accuracy is obtained through applying the least squares abundance estimation in the subspace orthogonal to noise. Experimental results of both synthetic and real hyperspectral images demonstrate that the proposed algorithms provide much enhanced performance compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. 相似文献
18.
G. Gutirrez-Alonso J. Fernndez-Surez T.E. Jeffries G.A. Jenner M.N. Tubrett R. Cox S.E. Jackson 《Tectonophysics》2003,365(1-4):221
If reconstruction of major events in ancient orogenic belts is achieved in sufficient detail, the tectonic evolution of these belts can offer valuable information to widen our perspective of processes currently at work in modern orogens. Here, we illustrate this possibility taking the western European Cadomian–Avalonian belt as an example. This research is based mainly on the study and interpretation of U–Pb ages of more than 300 detrital zircons from Neoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic sedimentary rocks from Iberia and Brittany. Analyses have been performed using the laser ablation–ICP–MS technique. The U–Pb data record contrasting detrital zircon age spectra for various terranes of western Europe. The differences provide information on the processes involved in the genesis of the western European Precambrian terranes along the northern margin of Neoproterozoic Gondwana during arc construction and subduction, and their dispersal and re-amalgamation along the margin to form the Avalonia and Armorica microcontinents. The U–Pb ages reported here also support the alleged change from subduction to transform activity that led to the final break-up of the margin, the birth of the Rheic Ocean and the drift of Avalonia. We contend that the active northern margin of Gondwana evolved through several stages that match the different types of active margins recognised in modern settings. 相似文献
19.
Interpreting and modelling geometries of complex geologic structures from strike/dip measurements using manually-drafted structural form lines is labour intensive, irreproducible and inherently limited to two dimensions. Herein, the structural field interpolation (SFI) algorithm is presented that overcomes these limitations by constructing 3D structural form lines from the vector components of strike/dip measurements. The SFI interpolation algorithm employs an anisotropic inverse distance weighting scheme derived from eigen analysis of the poles to strike/dip measurements within a neighbourhood of user defined dimension and shape (ellipsoidal to spherical) and honours younging directions, when available. The eigen analysis also provides local estimates of the plunge vector and associated Woodcock distribution properties to assure plunge-normal structural form line reconstruction with unidirectional propagation of form lines across fold and fan structures. The method is advantageous for modelling geometries of geologic structures from a wide range of structurally anisotropic data. Modelled vector fields from three case studies are presented that reproduce the expected bedding-foliation geometry and provide reasonable representation of complex folds from local to regional scales. Results illustrate the potential for using vector fields to support geologic interpretation through the direct visualization of geometric trends of structural features in 3D. 相似文献
20.
Rate of Convergence of the Gibbs Sampler in the Gaussian Case 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We show that the Gibbs Sampler in the Gaussian case is closely linked to linear fixed point iterations. In fact stochastic linear iterations converge toward a stationary distribution under the same conditions as the classical linear fixed point one. Furthermore the covariance matrices are shown to satisify a related fixed point iteration, and consequently the Gibbs Sampler in the gaussian case corresponds to the classical Gauss-Seidel iterations on the inverse of the covariance matrix, and the stochastic over-relaxed Gauss-Seidel has the same limiting distribution as the Gibbs Sampler. Then an efficient method to simulate a gaussian vector is proposed. Finally numerical investigations are performed to understand the effect of the different strategies such as the initial ordering, the blocking and the updating order for iterations. The results show that in a geostatistical context the rate of convergence can be improved significantly compared to the standard case. 相似文献