共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This research investigated seepage under hydraulic structures considering flow through the banks of the canal. A computer model, utilizing the finite element method, was used. Different configurations of sheetpile driven under the floor of the structure were studied. Results showed that the transverse extension of sheetpile, driven at the middle of the floor, into the banks of the canal had very little effect on seepage losses, uplift force, and on the exit gradient at the downstream end of the floor. Likewise, confining the downstream floor with sheetpile from three sides was not found effective. When the downstream floor was confined with sheetpile from all sides, this has significantly reduced the exit gradient. Furthermore, all the different configurations of the sheetpile had insignificant effect on seepage losses. The most effective configuration of the sheetpile was the case when two rows of sheetpiles were driven at the middle and at the downstream end of the floor, with the latter sheetpile extended few meters into the banks of the canal. This case has significantly reduced the exit gradient and caused only slight increase in the uplift force when compared to other sheetpile configurations. The present study suggests that two-dimensional analysis of seepage problems underestimates the exit gradient and uplift force on hydraulic structures. 相似文献
2.
Gang Deng Kui Cao Rui Chen Xingxing Zhang Qi Yin Hao Zhou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(1):25
Internal erosion is the most common reason which induces failure of embankment dams besides overtopping. Relatively large leakage is frequently concentrated at defects of impervious element, and this will lead to eventual failure. The amount of leakage depends not only on integrity of impervious element, but also on dam height, shape of valley, shape of impervious element and water level in reservoir. The integrity of impervious element, which represents the relative level of seepage safety, is not easy to be determined quantitatively. A simple method for generalization of steady seepage state of embankment dams with thin impervious element is proposed in this paper. The apparent overall value of permeability coefficient for impervious element can be obtained by this method with reasonable accuracy and efficiency. A defect parameter of impervious element is defined as an index to characterize seepage safety of embankment dams. It equals the ratio of the apparent overall value of permeability coefficient to the measured value in laboratory for intact materials. Subsequently, seepage safety of three dams is evaluated and the evolution of defect level of impervious element of dams is investigated. It is proved that the newly proposed method in this paper is feasible in the evaluation of relative seepage safety level of embankment dams with thin impervious element. 相似文献
3.
The known formulae of Freeze and Cherry, Polubarinova–Kochina, Vedernikov for flow rate during 2-D seepage into horizontal drains and axisymmetric flow into cavities are examined and generalized. The case of an empty drain under ponded soil surface is studied and existence of drain depth providing minimal seepage rate is presented. The depth is found exhibiting maximal difference in rate between a filled and an empty drain. 3-D flow to an empty semi-spherical cavity on an impervious bottom is analysed and the difference in rate as compared with a completely filled cavity is established. Rate values for slot drains in a two-layer aquifer are ‘inverted’ using the Schulgasser theorem from the Polubarinova–Kochina expressions for corresponding flow rates under a dam. Flow to a point sink modelling a semi-circular drain in a layered aquifer is treated by the Fourier transform method. For unsaturated flow the catchment area of a single drain is established in terms of the quasi-linear model assuming the isobaric boundary condition along the drain contour. Optimal shape design problems for irrigation cavities are addressed in the class of arbitrary contours with seepage rate as a criterion and cavity cross-sectional area as an isoperimetric restriction. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
根据2000年实测数据绘制了在不同水位下水库堤坝测压管等水位线图,建立垂向二维有限元法渗流数值模型,模拟了尔王庄水库堤坝11个典型断面稳定渗流状态。综合分析测压管实测数据、现场勘查和计算结果,确定水库渗漏严重坝段。计算得出全封闭、悬挂式高压喷射灌浆防渗墙两加固方案下坝体单宽渗流量、浸润线、渗透比降等水力要素,结果表明全封闭设计可降低70.04%~98.32%渗流量,截渗沟或明渠处溢出渗透坡降降至0.001~0.023,控制效果显著。 相似文献
5.
某坝基为砂卵石基础,其下为强风化基岩,坝基渗漏和左右岸绕坝渗漏是该水库坝基存在的主要地质问题。为此,采取了塑性混凝土防渗墙与双排帷幕灌浆相结合的综合防渗措施。为了检测水库坝基及塑性混凝土防渗墙施工质量,防止水库正常蓄水后发生渗漏,选用了高密度电法进行无损检测。工程采用温纳施伦贝尔法观测,分别采用5m和10m电极间距,电极数60个,剖面数16。依据5m和10m道距实测视电阻率剖面与反演结果的解释,对水库坝基和防渗墙的工程质量进行了评价,认为-25m桩号塑性混凝土防渗墙可能存在渗漏问题,-80m桩号对应一低阻异常,坝体可能存在渗漏通道;其余部位未发现明显异常。 相似文献
6.
深厚覆盖层坝基往往都是强弱互层结构,坝基中存在弱透水层。弱透水层既是隔水层又是软弱夹层,是否利用其作为控渗依托层关系到工程难度、进度及成本。绝大多数工程都将全封闭式防渗体作为控渗首选方案,保守的设计理念导致采用半封闭式防渗体控渗的工程少之又少。西藏多布水电站采用土工膜-防渗墙-弱透水层三位一体半封闭式联合防渗体,在国内外少见,具有一定代表性,其防渗效果具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。本文基于详细的地质构造资料,以非饱和土体渗流、比奥固结理论和土体的非线性流变理论为基础,考虑土体水力学及土力学参数随双场耦合的动态变化关系,借助ADINA建立流固耦合模型,全方位分析多布水电站的渗流场、应力场,以及弱透水层的承载力和液化性。研究表明:土工膜-防渗墙-弱透水层三位一体半封闭式防渗体能有效降低渗透速度、渗流量和抑制渗透坡降,各渗流参量满足控渗要求;大坝及防渗墙的水平位移、沉降和应力相对悬挂式防渗体有一定增大,需提高防渗墙的强度。弱透水层是防渗体系中最重要的部分,经分析弱透水层承载力满足要求,且不会发生液化。对比分析三种防渗体系,多布水电站现采取的土工膜-防渗墙-弱透水层三位一体半封闭式联合防渗体是最佳方案,可减小防渗墙深度近193m。该研究成果对类似工程具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
A practical and efficient numerical scheme for the analysis of steady state unconfined seepage flows
The scaled boundary finite‐element method (SBFEM), a novel semi‐analytical technique, is applied to the analysis of the confined and unconfined seepage flow. This method combines the advantages of the finite‐element method and the boundary element method. In this method, only the boundary of the domain is discretized; no fundamental solution is required, and singularity problems can be modeled rigorously. Anisotropic and nonhomogeneous materials satisfying similarity are modeled without additional efforts. In this paper, SBFE equations and solution procedures for the analysis of seepage flow are outlined. The accuracy of the proposed method in modeling singularity problems is demonstrated by analyzing seepage flow under a concrete dam with a cutoff at heel. As only the boundary is discretized, the variable mesh technique is advisable for modeling unconfined seepage analyses. The accuracy, effectiveness, and efficiency of the method are demonstrated by modeling several unconfined seepage flow problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
开展二元结构库岸渗控措施研究对于灾害区域地下水资源管理和浸没控制工程的布置具有重要意义。文章以赣江新干航电枢纽工程库区左岸为研究对象,基于区域地下水流动态数值模拟与预测技术,构建地下水三维非稳定流有限元渗流模型,开展水库蓄水后库区地下水浸没动态评价和基于工程组合措施（防渗墙、减压井和抬田）的浸没控制效果对比研究。结果表明:无工程控制措施工况下,水库蓄水三年内库区左岸沿江区域和岸内地势低洼地带会发生较严重的渗漏型浸没;通过联合布设防渗墙、减压井和抬田工程等控制措施,能够有效地将浸没范围控制在堤防工程范围以内;在有防渗墙的截渗作用下,减压井排渍水位是地下水浸没控制的最敏感的参数。渗控工程的建议布置参数:防渗墙渗透系数为17.28×10-3 m/d,减压井间距设置为30 m,排渍水位29 m,减压井距防渗墙的距离为30 m,并在堤内低洼地带进行抬田复垦。本次研究结果可为水库蓄水前期渗控方案的布置提供应用技术支持。 相似文献
13.
砾石土渗透稳定特性试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前砾石土被广泛地用作高土石坝中的防渗体,国内已建成的187 m高的瀑布沟堆石坝就是用它作心墙的防渗材料。介绍了瀑布沟心墙土料的渗透稳定试验结果,并论述了确定砾石土渗透稳定性能的的主要因素是细粒含量,提出了确定粗、细粒料的区分粒径、计算最优细料含量以及用细料含量判别渗透稳定性的方法。试验结果表明,工程中常以小于5 mm粒径含量不小于35%、小于0.1 mm的粒径含量不小于18%,以判别砾石土能否作为高土石坝防渗体的标准是可行的,无需另外要求小于0.005 mm的粒径含量大于10%。 相似文献
14.
The foundations of dams containing soluble material, typically gypsum and limestone, undergo a dissolving process as a consequence of reservoir seepage. In due course, such dissolution of soluble material increases the volume of holes through which water may flow, in turn involving an increase in flow rate through the dam foundation. To adapt dam design to the particular conditions of these foundations, especially in foundations containing gypsum, with the main aims of delaying the dissolution process and avoiding damage or loss of functionality during dam lifespan, a procedure that models the dissolution process coupled with seepage phenomena is necessary. The objective of this paper is to provide this procedure and test it under experimental conditions. This entails coupling a conventional code for calculation of seepage networks, by means of the finite-element method, with a code developed by the authors to calculate the solution front advance (the zone where the dissolution is taking place). The procedure is verified by performing permeameter testing using sand and soluble material mixtures, with the tests being numerically modelled. 相似文献
15.
排水是岩土体及工程构筑物渗流控制的主要措施之一,其实质是通过在渗流域内形成潜在溢出边界或低水位边界而实现渗流控制的。在排水渗控条件下,渗流场往往具有强烈的边界非线性特征,Signorini型变分不等式方法从理论上为稳定和非稳定排水渗流问题提供了有效的分析方法,但其实际效果还需要得到试验的验证。通过开展含5个排水廊道的排水砂槽模型试验,研究了复杂排水条件下砂土渗流的基本规律,并通过试验数据与数值计算成果的对比分析,论证了Signorini型变分不等式方法的有效性和正确性。试验结果表明,在稳定渗流条件下,排水砂槽上游侧3个排水廊道对渗流控制起主导作用,而下游侧2个廊道则失去排水功能,数值计算与试验成果吻合较好;在非稳定渗流条件下,受测压管精度、砂样均匀性和毛细效应的影响,数值计算与试验成果存在一定偏差,但也较好地揭示了复杂排水条件下砂槽中的非稳定渗流特征。排水砂槽试验结果验证了Signorini型变分不等式方法的有效性和正确性,为复杂排水条件下岩土体及工程构筑物的渗控结构优化设计提供了有效的分析手段。 相似文献
16.
利用电流场的电势微分控制方程与渗流场的流速势微分控制方程的相似性原理,流场法通过检测电流场的分布来确定渗流场,并能快速查明堤坝的管涌渗漏入口。为了更精确地描述土坝管涌的渗流分布及渗流方向,可以测试迎水面和背水面的水平方向与垂直方向的电位差,模拟渗流的矢量分布。从电流密度、电位微分及电位微分绝对值等方面,阐述了矢量流场法模拟渗流矢量分布的基本原理,并以某土石坝渗漏探测为例开展了验证工作。结果显示,矢量流场法可以有效揭示土石坝的渗流等级及渗流方向,结合流场法和矢量流场法探测成果,可为查明土石坝渗漏入口、渗流等级及渗流方向提供新的思路。 相似文献
17.
地质雷达在探测南方岩溶地区堤坝隐患中的应用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过对广东、湖南等省５个溶岩地区堤坝隐患地质雷达探测及其影像特征研究,指出：在我国南方岩溶地区堤坝隐患探测中,地质雷达可以解决坝体白蚁巢、溶洞、土洞隐患探测;坝体岩体性界面划分;坝体断裂探测;水库坝体浸润线和库底防渗土工膜完整性检测等问题。 相似文献
18.
对于坝坡布置密集排水孔的工程渗流问题,水位骤降条件下密集排水孔排水效果及坝体和坝基内三维渗流场分布是工程设计人员关心的重要问题。针对坝坡布置排水孔的渗流行为,提出了密集排水孔在水位骤降下渗流状态改变的处理方法。并详细论述了改进的截止负压法求解饱和-非饱和渗流场、排水子结构法和排水孔开关器等精细模拟排水孔的关键技术。工程实例表明,采用该方法可以有效地解决水位骤降下上游坝坡布置密集排水孔三维渗流场的精细数值模拟问题。 相似文献
19.
面板堆石坝垂直缝破坏下三维渗流场有限元模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用改进节点虚流量法求解无压稳定渗流场,并引入无厚度的裂缝模型对破坏的垂直缝渗流行为进行模拟,得到面板堆石坝裂缝渗流问题的有限元分析方法,并编制Fortran程序。以某混凝土面板堆石坝为例,计算了面板单一垂直缝破坏和多条垂直缝破坏条件下的三维渗流场,得到不同条件下渗流场的水头分布、浸润线以及渗漏量,系统分析了面板堆石坝在垂直缝破坏条件下的稳定渗流场规律和特点。结果表明,该方法能对渗流逸出点和浸润线进行准确定位,还能很好地模拟面板垂直缝破坏对坝区渗流场的影响,可以为面板堆石坝的接缝设计提供参考。 相似文献
20.
卡拉水电站坝区渗流控制效应精细模拟与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卡拉水电站坝址区河谷狭窄,岸坡陡峻,地质条件复杂,渗漏问题突出。为减小卡拉坝区渗漏并改善大坝的渗透稳定性,工程设计采取防渗帷幕、排水孔幕和排水洞等防渗排水措施。采用子结构、变分不等式和自适应罚函数相结合的方法（简称SVA方法）,结合典型溢流坝段与坝区整体渗流场分析成果,评价卡拉大坝及坝基渗流控制方案的合理性,并论证其优化的可能性。研究表明：①防渗帷幕有效雍高了帷幕上游侧岩体内的地下水位、增加了绕坝渗流的渗径长度并降低了坝基的扬压力,排水系统则显著降低了坝体内的孔隙水压力以及坝基扬压力;②排水孔幕间距对坝体内的自由面分布有着显著影响,排水孔幕间距取3.0～4.5 m是合适的。 相似文献