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本文综述了伟晶岩结晶动力学、热力学和伟晶岩熔体稀有金属元素实现超常富集成矿的机制。结晶动力学涉及成核动力学和晶体生长动力学两个方面。低成核速率和高晶体生长速率是伟晶岩结晶动力学的重要特征,在结晶过程受到水、助溶剂以及过冷条件三个因素共同制约。伟晶岩熔体的相态（超临界态）可能在伟晶岩形成和稀有金属元素超常富集中扮演重要角色。花岗伟晶岩稀有金属超常富集程度受到岩浆源区成分、岩浆结晶分异过程与熔体化学成分等因素的控制。花岗质岩浆高度分异结晶或者变质沉积岩部分熔融直接形成的成矿伟晶岩熔体均需要源岩中稀有金属元素预富集。深熔作用产生的低程度、小体积的伟晶岩熔体具有更高的稀有金属元素成矿潜力。在岩浆分异演化过程中,稀有金属元素的超常富集主要通过超临界熔体/流体、岩浆熔体作用、过冷作用实现。超临界熔体/流体发生熔体- 流体不混溶作用使稀有金属元素在熔体相和流体相间再分配和富集;岩浆熔离作用使稀有金属元素选择性分配到富挥发分的熔体中,导致稀有金属元素再次富集;过冷作用降低稀有金属矿物结晶的饱和浓度,促进稀有金属矿物结晶。熔体的化学成分（如挥发分）直接影响熔体的物理、化学性质。例如,挥发分的富集能够降低熔体黏度,促进岩浆分异结晶过程。挥发分和稀有金属元素的亲和性也控制稀有金属元素在不同相熔体中的分配和富集,显著增加稀有金属元素的溶解度和迁移富集能力,有助于伟晶岩中稀有金属超常富集和成矿。 相似文献
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东秦岭花岗伟晶岩的基本地质矿化特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
伟晶岩是一种特殊的火成岩类,东秦岭是我国重要的花岗伟晶岩分布区和稀有金属成矿区之一,这里广泛发育各种类型花岗伟晶岩,并形成4个大的花岗伟晶岩脉密集区。岩石化学、稀土配分和氧同位素研究结果显示,东秦岭的花岗岩与伟晶岩具有一致或相似的特点。其粗大的矿物组成,表明伟晶岩中富含挥发份并且是在封闭条件较好的地壳中深部形成的,是地壳深部过程的记录和区域侵蚀深度较大的标志。各种类型的花岗伟晶岩具特征的结构、成分和矿化分带现象,反映出深部透岩浆流体的成矿作用。东秦岭花岗伟晶岩受秦岭造山带主造山阶段的加里东期板块俯冲碰撞的影响,是同一板块俯冲碰撞构造体制下由花岗岩母岩浆分异、演化的结果。东秦岭花岗伟晶岩分布面积大、类型全、分异演化强烈、矿化普遍,是我国寻找花岗伟晶岩型稀有元素矿产、铀矿和部分宝石资源的有利地区。 相似文献
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锂现为全球战略性关键金属矿产，花岗伟晶岩型锂矿是锂资源的重要类型之一，也是当前国际矿床学的研究热点。花岗伟晶岩划分为LCT(Li–Cs–Ta)、NYF(Nb–Y–F)及二者混合的LCT+NYF型，其中LCT型伟晶岩富集稀有元素Li、Rb、Cs、Be、Ga、Sn、Ta、Nb及B、P、F等助熔剂，通常与伸展背景下的晚造山和造山后阶段过铝质S型花岗岩具有成因联系。笔者分析了全球伟晶岩型锂矿床的时空分布特征，发现锂矿成矿事件主要发生在超大陆会聚造山作用的中晚期。研究表明中国花岗伟晶岩型锂矿空间分布相对集中，主要分布在9个锂成矿带，成矿期以三叠纪为主。花岗质岩浆结晶分异和下地壳物质低程度的部分熔融是伟晶岩两种主要的形成方式。稀有金属伟晶岩的成矿机制主要有分离结晶作用、岩浆不混溶、超临界流体和组成带状纯化。总结分析了中国西部西昆仑、川西松潘–甘孜、阿尔泰等3个典型伟晶岩型锂矿带的的成矿特点、分布特征、研究进展及找矿前景，并提出了构造–岩浆–变质–成矿的耦合关系是制约锂成矿过程和富集规律的关键科学问题。 相似文献
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花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床主要产出于后碰撞到非造山构造背景,同期多阶段复式岩体中,侧向侵位的晚阶段高分异花岗岩是有利的成矿母岩。南岭成矿带发育稀有金属矿化的花岗岩很多,花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床却较罕见。贵东岩体具备花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属的成矿条件,“界山”有利于矿体保存。笔者通过野外查证,在贵东岩体赣粤界山附近的龟尾山和牛牯石地段均发现含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩,该花岗伟晶岩脉铍矿化强烈,脉体规模和矿物分带性特征表明其找矿潜力大,综合利用价值高。此发现不仅补充了南岭成矿带的稀有金属成矿类型,还表明二（白）云母花岗岩的小岩体周边也有可能发现花岗伟晶岩型铍多金属矿床。 相似文献
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湖南仁里稀有金属矿田是中国近年来新发现的一处重要的花岗伟晶岩型铌、钽、锂等稀有金属矿产地,文章针对矿田含锂伟晶岩地球化学特征、成矿时代及其与花岗岩的关系,选取传梓源锂铌钽矿床内规模最大的206号锂辉石伟晶岩脉开展地球化学和白云母Ar-Ar定年工作,并与区内其他伟晶岩、花岗岩的地球化学特征、成岩时代对比分析.传梓源206号锂辉石伟晶岩属高分异稀有金属伟晶岩,形成时代为(135.4±1.4)Ma,岩石地球化学表现为高硅、高铝、低钙、相对富碱、钙碱性及过铝质特征;稀土元素总量很低,以轻稀土元素为主;微量元素富集Cs、Rb、U、Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf,相对亏损Ba、Ti,Zr/Hf、Nb/Ta比值低且集中.幕阜山地区稀有金属成矿可分为2期:第1期稀有金属成矿时代约145 Ma,与燕山早期岩浆活动有关;第2期稀有金属成矿时代135～125 Ma,为主成矿期,该期稀有金属伟晶岩与燕山晚期的二云母二长花岗岩存在成因联系,两者为同源岩浆连续结晶分异过程中不同阶段的产物.稀有金属富集成矿经历了岩浆-热液两阶段作用,Be、Nb、Ta、Li、Rb、Cs等稀有元素的富集多发生于岩浆结晶分异晚期,热液作用使Ta、Li、Rb、Cs再次富集. 相似文献
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《中国地质调查》2019,(6)
湘东北幕阜山地区分布传梓源(锂矿、铌钽矿)、仁里(钽铌矿)和虎形山(钨矿、铍矿)大型稀有金属矿床,是湖南省重要的伟晶岩型稀有金属矿集区。通过对幕阜山地区花岗岩和伟晶岩开展年代学和地球化学研究,探讨该区燕山期岩浆演化与稀有金属成矿的关系,结果表明:该区岩浆活动自侏罗纪(154 Ma)持续到白垩纪(92 Ma),形成了复式花岗岩体和伟晶岩脉,伟晶岩空间具有含矿分带性;伟晶岩的成矿年龄(130～127 Ma)与二云母二长花岗岩的成岩年龄(137～129 Ma)相近,成矿作用与岩浆高分异演化密切相关;伟晶岩含矿分带性受成矿流体温度影响,矿流体温度由岩体向外成逐渐降低,形成了"岩体内伟晶岩型铍矿带—距岩体0～3 km伟晶岩型铌钽矿带—距岩体3～5 km伟晶岩型锂铌钽矿带—距岩体5～10 km石英脉型铍矿带"的环状分布格局。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献
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正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861 相似文献