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随着战略性新兴产业的快速发展,稀有金属等关键金属资源的地位日益不可或缺。花岗伟晶岩是最重要的稀有金属矿床成因类型,该类型矿床的成矿流体特征和成因机制是矿床学的热门研究话题。文章主要对花岗伟晶岩型矿床的成矿流体特征和成矿机制进行了探讨。花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床成矿流体普遍富集挥发分（B、P、F和H2O）和成矿元素,具有低黏度、低成核率、强元素溶解能力和强迁移性。花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床成矿流体形成温压条件存在争议,部分研究者认为形成于高温高压条件,也有研究者认为可能形成于过冷却条件下,温度可能低至350℃。花岗质岩浆高度结晶分异演化和富成矿元素地壳物质小比例深熔是形成成矿花岗伟晶岩的两种主要机制。流体不混溶和组成带纯化是岩浆热液演化过程中稀有金属进一步富集的重要手段。中国规模最大的甲基卡花岗伟晶岩型锂矿是研究该类矿床的理想实验室。 相似文献
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东秦岭花岗伟晶岩的基本地质矿化特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
伟晶岩是一种特殊的火成岩类,东秦岭是我国重要的花岗伟晶岩分布区和稀有金属成矿区之一,这里广泛发育各种类型花岗伟晶岩,并形成4个大的花岗伟晶岩脉密集区。岩石化学、稀土配分和氧同位素研究结果显示,东秦岭的花岗岩与伟晶岩具有一致或相似的特点。其粗大的矿物组成,表明伟晶岩中富含挥发份并且是在封闭条件较好的地壳中深部形成的,是地壳深部过程的记录和区域侵蚀深度较大的标志。各种类型的花岗伟晶岩具特征的结构、成分和矿化分带现象,反映出深部透岩浆流体的成矿作用。东秦岭花岗伟晶岩受秦岭造山带主造山阶段的加里东期板块俯冲碰撞的影响,是同一板块俯冲碰撞构造体制下由花岗岩母岩浆分异、演化的结果。东秦岭花岗伟晶岩分布面积大、类型全、分异演化强烈、矿化普遍,是我国寻找花岗伟晶岩型稀有元素矿产、铀矿和部分宝石资源的有利地区。 相似文献
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锂现为全球战略性关键金属矿产，花岗伟晶岩型锂矿是锂资源的重要类型之一，也是当前国际矿床学的研究热点。花岗伟晶岩划分为LCT(Li–Cs–Ta)、NYF(Nb–Y–F)及二者混合的LCT+NYF型，其中LCT型伟晶岩富集稀有元素Li、Rb、Cs、Be、Ga、Sn、Ta、Nb及B、P、F等助熔剂，通常与伸展背景下的晚造山和造山后阶段过铝质S型花岗岩具有成因联系。笔者分析了全球伟晶岩型锂矿床的时空分布特征，发现锂矿成矿事件主要发生在超大陆会聚造山作用的中晚期。研究表明中国花岗伟晶岩型锂矿空间分布相对集中，主要分布在9个锂成矿带，成矿期以三叠纪为主。花岗质岩浆结晶分异和下地壳物质低程度的部分熔融是伟晶岩两种主要的形成方式。稀有金属伟晶岩的成矿机制主要有分离结晶作用、岩浆不混溶、超临界流体和组成带状纯化。总结分析了中国西部西昆仑、川西松潘–甘孜、阿尔泰等3个典型伟晶岩型锂矿带的的成矿特点、分布特征、研究进展及找矿前景，并提出了构造–岩浆–变质–成矿的耦合关系是制约锂成矿过程和富集规律的关键科学问题。 相似文献
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花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床主要产出于后碰撞到非造山构造背景,同期多阶段复式岩体中,侧向侵位的晚阶段高分异花岗岩是有利的成矿母岩。南岭成矿带发育稀有金属矿化的花岗岩很多,花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床却较罕见。贵东岩体具备花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属的成矿条件,“界山”有利于矿体保存。笔者通过野外查证,在贵东岩体赣粤界山附近的龟尾山和牛牯石地段均发现含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩,该花岗伟晶岩脉铍矿化强烈,脉体规模和矿物分带性特征表明其找矿潜力大,综合利用价值高。此发现不仅补充了南岭成矿带的稀有金属成矿类型,还表明二（白）云母花岗岩的小岩体周边也有可能发现花岗伟晶岩型铍多金属矿床。 相似文献
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湖南仁里稀有金属矿田是中国近年来新发现的一处重要的花岗伟晶岩型铌、钽、锂等稀有金属矿产地,文章针对矿田含锂伟晶岩地球化学特征、成矿时代及其与花岗岩的关系,选取传梓源锂铌钽矿床内规模最大的206号锂辉石伟晶岩脉开展地球化学和白云母Ar-Ar定年工作,并与区内其他伟晶岩、花岗岩的地球化学特征、成岩时代对比分析.传梓源206号锂辉石伟晶岩属高分异稀有金属伟晶岩,形成时代为(135.4±1.4)Ma,岩石地球化学表现为高硅、高铝、低钙、相对富碱、钙碱性及过铝质特征;稀土元素总量很低,以轻稀土元素为主;微量元素富集Cs、Rb、U、Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf,相对亏损Ba、Ti,Zr/Hf、Nb/Ta比值低且集中.幕阜山地区稀有金属成矿可分为2期:第1期稀有金属成矿时代约145 Ma,与燕山早期岩浆活动有关;第2期稀有金属成矿时代135～125 Ma,为主成矿期,该期稀有金属伟晶岩与燕山晚期的二云母二长花岗岩存在成因联系,两者为同源岩浆连续结晶分异过程中不同阶段的产物.稀有金属富集成矿经历了岩浆-热液两阶段作用,Be、Nb、Ta、Li、Rb、Cs等稀有元素的富集多发生于岩浆结晶分异晚期,热液作用使Ta、Li、Rb、Cs再次富集. 相似文献
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《中国地质调查》2019,(6)
湘东北幕阜山地区分布传梓源(锂矿、铌钽矿)、仁里(钽铌矿)和虎形山(钨矿、铍矿)大型稀有金属矿床,是湖南省重要的伟晶岩型稀有金属矿集区。通过对幕阜山地区花岗岩和伟晶岩开展年代学和地球化学研究,探讨该区燕山期岩浆演化与稀有金属成矿的关系,结果表明:该区岩浆活动自侏罗纪(154 Ma)持续到白垩纪(92 Ma),形成了复式花岗岩体和伟晶岩脉,伟晶岩空间具有含矿分带性;伟晶岩的成矿年龄(130～127 Ma)与二云母二长花岗岩的成岩年龄(137～129 Ma)相近,成矿作用与岩浆高分异演化密切相关;伟晶岩含矿分带性受成矿流体温度影响,矿流体温度由岩体向外成逐渐降低,形成了"岩体内伟晶岩型铍矿带—距岩体0～3 km伟晶岩型铌钽矿带—距岩体3～5 km伟晶岩型锂铌钽矿带—距岩体5～10 km石英脉型铍矿带"的环状分布格局。 相似文献
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伟晶岩型矿床是世界上重要的稀有金属矿床类型之一,也是当前国际矿床学研究热点之一.近年来该类稀有金属矿床在分类、成矿流体及成矿物质来源、伟晶岩成岩方式和稀有金属富集机制等方面的研究取得了一些重要进展.伟晶岩通常与母质岩浆具有密切的时空关系,但不少也与母质岩浆无成因关系.伟晶岩稀有金属矿床成矿熔体/流体具有低黏度、富水、高... 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology, 相似文献
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正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.) 相似文献
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正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se- 相似文献
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正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with 相似文献