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1.
The local pore spaces in granular materials tend to be aligned parallel to the major principal stress direction upon particle mobilization. Manifestation of this response has been numerically validated in our previous studies with the aid of discrete element method modeling and image processing techniques during creep and shearing. We now extend the modeling of pore geometry, constructed with spherical particles, to assemblies of particle clumps. Two-dimensional simulations are performed for both loose and dense assemblies of spherical particles and particle clumps. Each particle packing is bound by rigid or flexible walls and subjected to biaxial compression and the particle mobilization effect on the evolution of pore orientation is explored. Randomly shaped pores surrounded by adjacent particles are geometrically quantified by Delaunay tessellation and fitted with ellipses. Results show that localization is apparent in dense assemblies, in particular for clumped particle packing, while loose assemblies exhibit diffusive failure. Small pores within well-defined shear bands tend to align either parallel to the direction of the shear band or perpendicular to the major principal stress. On the other hand, small pores within the blocks and large pores have a tendency to become elongate towards the major principal stress direction. This study reveals for the first time that pore orientation is dependent upon particle shape, pore size, and assembly conditions on the pore and global scales. 相似文献
2.
The role of non‐coaxiality in the simulation of strain localization based on classical and Cosserat continua 
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下载免费PDF全文 It is normally accepted that materials inside the shear band undergo severe rotation of the principal stress direction, which causes non‐coaxiality between the principal stress and principal plastic strain rate. However, classical plasticity flow theory implicitly assumes that the principal stress and the principal plastic strain rate are coaxial; thus, it may not correctly predict the onset of the shear band. In addition, classical continuum does not contain any internal length scales; as a result, it cannot provide a reasonable shear band thickness. In this study, the original vertex non‐coaxial plastic model based on the classical continuum is extended to the Cosserat continuum. The corresponding codes are implemented via the interface of the user defined element subroutine in ABAQUS. Through a simple shear test, the effectiveness of the user's codes is verified. Through a uniaxial compression test, the influence of non‐coaxiality on the onset, the orientation, and the thickness of the shear band is investigated. Results show that the onset of the shear localization is delayed, and the thickness of the shear band is widened when the non‐coaxial degree increases, while the orientation of the shear band is little affected by the non‐coaxial degree. In addition, it is found that the non‐coaxiality can weaken the micro‐polar effect to some extent; nonetheless, the Cosserat non‐coaxial model still has its advantage over the classical non‐coaxial model in capturing the pre‐bifurcation as well as the post‐bifurcation behaviors of strain localization. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
考虑强度各向异性的边坡稳定有限元分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然沉积的土层总是表现出一定程度的强度各向异性,但现有的边坡稳定有限元分析极少考虑各向异性的影响。对大型有限元软件ABAQUS进行二次开发,使其能够考虑土体黏聚力随大主应力方向的变化,动态更新增量迭代求解过程中边坡不同位置处的抗剪强度,进而提出具备安全系数自动搜索功能的各向异性边坡稳定分析方法。计算结果表明,均匀边坡的有限元解与极限分析上限解相差很小。如果采用土体固结方向的黏聚力并按各向同性评价缓坡的稳定性,可能严重高估安全系数,尤其是在黏聚力较高的情况下。与极限分析不同,建立的强度更新有限元模型能够分析成层边坡的稳定性。 相似文献
4.
为明确盾构施工掌子面滑移破坏机制并确定掌子面支护力的合理范围,基于滑移线理论和极限分析上限定理,利用空间离散技术提出了一种盾构施工掌子面三维滑移破裂模型。依据大主应力拱理论计算滑移区顶部竖向土压力值,并以此作为滑移破坏区上部的竖向荷载计算掌子面极限支护力。研究表明,土拱效应显著影响掌子面前方土体竖向应力的大小及分布规律;将本模型与已有研究方法进行比较,验证了本模型获取的掌子面极限支护力极限分析上限解在黏性土地层以及摩擦土地层中的适用性。同时本模型构建的掌子面破坏区域形态更加贴近离心试验结果与数值计算结果。 相似文献
5.
The orientation distribution of mechanically twinned jadeite crystals in a metagranite from the Sesia Zone, Western Alps, is evaluated to derive the orientation of the principal stress directions for a prominent stage of ductile deformation at ca. 300 to 350 °C that has been interpreted to reflect synseismic loading and postseismic creep by Küster and Stöckhert (1999). It is tested whether the orientation distribution can be used to obtain information on the magnitude of differential stress if the critical shear stress for twinning is known. Assuming that the critical shear stress of 140 MPa determined by Kollé and Blacic (1982) for mechanical twinning of clinopyroxene in the (100) [001] system holds true for jadeite, and assuming a homogeneous stress field as a first approximation, differential stresses of the order of 1-2 GPa are inferred for metagranites with ca. 15% jadeite, and of 0.5 GPa for jadeitite with 80% of jadeite. Notwithstanding the uncertainty for the critical resolved shear stress for jadeite, these unexpectedly high values are suspected to be due to a combination of the following effects: (1) an inhomogeneous stress field in the polyphase material with curved stress trajectories, (2) stress concentration in jadeite due to load transfer from the quartz matrix, and (3) minor reorientation of the jadeite crystals in the flowing quartz matrix. Hence, absolute values of differential stress cannot be derived from the orientation distribution of twinned jadeite in polyphase rocks. Notwithstanding the failure in deriving reliable absolute values, a short period with exceptionally high stress must have occurred, and is fully consistent with the microstructural record of other minerals. It is proposed that the mechanical twinning of jadeite was caused by a short-lived stress peak and flow at laboratory strain rates related to quasi-instantaneous loading of the uppermost level of the ductile lower crust during brittle failure of the brittle upper crust in a major seismic event. 相似文献
6.
为了研究粒状材料的各向异性力学行为与细观组构演化之间的关系,采用自主研发的双轴压缩试验系统,以圆形和椭圆形截面的金属棒状材料组成的二维堆积体为试验对象,对不同大主应力方向角?（沉积面与大主应力作用面的夹角）的试样进行了各向等压、常侧向压力、等p剪切3种应力路径试验,并通过分析试样在不同变形阶段的数字照片得到了其细观组构演化规律。发现对于椭圆形截面的试样存在一个卓越剪切方向,随剪应变增大,颗粒长轴呈现出向该方向偏转的趋势,并且在大变形条件下沿该方向形成剪切带;卓越剪切方向与沉积面方向关系不大,而与大主应力作用面方向夹角约为45°+ /2, 为残余内摩擦角;随卓越剪切方向与沉降方向夹角的不同,颗粒偏转程度的不同是导致剪胀特性和峰值强度各向异性的主要原因 相似文献
7.
In this study, upper bound finite element (FE) limit analysis is applied to stability problems of slopes using a nonlinear criterion. After formulating the upper bound analysis as the dual form of a second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem, the stress field and corresponding shear strength parameters can be determined iteratively. Thus, the nonlinear failure criterion is represented by the shear strength parameters associated with stress so that the analysis of slope stability using a nonlinear failure criterion can be transformed into the traditional upper bound method with a linear Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. Comparison with published solutions illustrates the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method for a simple homogeneous slope stability problem. The proposed approach is also applied to a seismic stability problem for a rockfill dam to study the influence of different failure criterions on the upper bound solutions. The results show that the seismic stability coefficients obtained using two different nonlinear failure criteria are similar but that the convergence differs significantly. 相似文献
8.
The concept that the flow of granular materials is governed by shear on certain critical planes is used to formulate an elastic–plastic model. When the elastic strains are neglected, the Double Shearing model becomes identical to the rigid-plastic model of de Josselin de Jong which he named the Double Sliding model. After a discussion of the model, the small strain formulation is used to describe general boundary-value problems. A comparison is then made between the coaxial Mohr–Coulomb yielding and the Double Shearing model on the basis of several numerical simulations. The non-coaxiality of the axes of principal plastic strain rate and principal stress in the Double Shearing model leads to essentially different behaviour for stress rotations in comparison to the coaxial model. The Double Shearing model predicts in general lower limit loads because, for a given state of stress, it allows for several possible directions of plastic flow rather than a unique direction which derives from a plastic potential. 相似文献
9.
为研究复杂应力路径下冻土的强度与变形特征,采用冻土空心圆柱仪（FHCA-300）对不同负温状态下的饱和冻结黏土开展定向剪切试验,基于不同剪切方向下冻结黏土的轴向和扭剪分量的应力-应变关系,探讨土样的剪切变形特征、各向异性属性以及剪切带的演变规律,并考察温度、大主应力方向角、平均主应力以及中主应力系数等因素对冻结黏土强度的影响。结果表明：平均主应力p值对冻结黏土的应力-应变关系影响显著,尤其是p=4.5 MPa时具有较高的剪切强度,且该值可能为压融临界p值;大主应力方向变化会诱发冻结黏土的各向异性,随着大主应力方向角的增加,冻结黏土剪切强度逐渐降低,并有明显的剪切带产生;中主应力系数的增加使得轴向强度有逐渐降低的趋势,但对剪切强度影响不明显;随着温度的降低,冻结黏土强度逐渐增大,试样发生脆性破坏并出现剪切破裂面,其剪切强度主要取决于冰颗粒和土颗粒的胶结力。 相似文献
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The appearance of shear banding in granular materials has been investigated intensively during the last decades and is still of ongoing importance in terms of understanding the stress–strain behaviour of the material, the localization phenomena and the interaction between soil and structure. Only less attention has been paid to the occurrence of systems of shear bands although such systems can be identified in geotechnical structures as well as in geological formations. In this paper we present results of experiments on sand specimens under extensional load in natural gravity as well as in increased gravity in the centrifuge where the influence of the stress level on the geometry of a shear band pattern, specified by the spacing of the shear bands and the angle between failure surfaces and minor stress direction, has been investigated. X‐ray technique has been used to visualize the failure zones inside the specimen, an optical measurement system called Digital Image Correlation has been applied to identify and observe the appearing deformation mechanism on the sides of the specimens in natural gravity as well as during the flight in the centrifuge. It can be shown that the geometry of the shear band pattern is sparsely influenced by the change of the stress level. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
The paper reports on the results of theoretical and experimental investigations on the spontaneous formation of shear bands in sand bodies. The phenomenon is considered as a bifurcation problem. Consequently, material response and configuration-dependent loading determine the bifurcation mode. Both Coulomb's and Roscoe's solutions of inclination of the shear band can be correct theoretically and experimentally. The first one holds for non-rotating stress axes, the second one for co-rotating stress and strain increment axes during failure. Values in between can occur if the rotation of principal stress axes is not equal to one of these limits. If Coulomb's inclination of shear band occurs, there is a thin deforming material layer separating rigid bodies. Inside the shear band non-coaxiality of strain increment and stress holds from the beginning. If Roscoe's inclination of shear band occurs, it is separating two deforming bodies. Inside the shear band strain increment and stress are coaxial at peak. 相似文献
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14.
裂纹扩展方向的确定对分析岩桥破坏机制和岩体抗剪强度参数具有重要意义。首先以断裂力学观点推导了复杂应力条件下裂纹尖端应力分布函数的表达式,以节理岩体尖端的扩展裂纹可分为张拉裂纹和剪切裂纹为前提,基于Griffith破坏判据,提出了张拉裂纹扩展方向(张裂角)的计算公式;基于Mohr-Coulomb判据,提出了剪裂纹扩展方向(剪裂角)的计算公式。通过新判据与试验和其他判据的结果对比表明,该判据能准确判断张拉裂纹扩展方向,而剪裂角的扩展方向有待进一步试验验证。分析表明:在单向拉应力作用下,张裂纹扩展方向均有偏向于最大主应力方向的趋势,张裂纹与最大主应力夹角小于15°;双向拉应力作用下,随着微裂纹倾角变大,张裂纹有远离最大主应力方向的趋势;单轴压缩作用下,张裂角随裂纹倾角的增加而减小,而两者的和为先减小后增加。 相似文献
15.
对单剪条件下的应力莫尔圆变化过程进行详细分析,将莫尔圆从初始状态到破坏状态的大、小主应力变化过程看做由若干个等增量步组成,从而推导出任意剪应力状态与初始状态对应的小主应力差值与两者大主应力差值的比为一常数,该常数可以根据初始状态莫尔圆和破坏时对应的莫尔圆确定。推导出单剪条件下任意剪应力对应的大、小主应力及主应力轴方向的表达式。讨论了土体材料参数及法向应力对主应力轴偏转过程的影响以及大、小主应力与剪应力的关系。结果表明：在土体材料参数一定的条件下,主应力轴方向由应力比唯一确定;法向应力一定,土体的摩擦角越小,相同剪应力对应的主应力偏转角越大;剪切起始阶段,主应力变化缓慢,随着剪应力增大,主应力急剧变化至土样破坏时保持不变。 相似文献
16.
材料的弹性极限应力理论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从材料的滑移应力与静水应力的相互作用，阐明了各向同性材料在复杂应力状态下的三种弹性破坏现象。剪切屈服、脆性断裂和塑性体积屈服，并以两个极限应力准则完整地表述。作为一个例子，以平方主剪应力屈服准则为基础，构造了广义平方主剪应力准则方程组，理论结果与一些岩土类材料的实验数据相吻合。 相似文献
17.
剪胀性是颗粒材料在加载过程中表现出来的重要变形特性。以孔隙胞元描述颗粒材料内部结构的最小单元,通过对单个孔隙胞元进行剪切受力分析,探讨了剪切过程中颗粒材料体积的改变对应力比和单个孔隙胞元形状的依赖关系,解释了排列密实的颗粒材料在剪切过程中先压缩后剪胀的微观机制。用离散元数值模拟得到了在双轴剪切过程中单个孔隙胞元形状以及孔隙胞元体积变形的演化过程。离散元数值结果表明,加载过程中孔隙胞元形状由初始各向同性到沿大主应力方向变大变长、体积变形先压缩后膨胀,并且体积变形在加载过程中存在局部化现象,体积变化大的孔隙胞元在较大变形时,排列成倾斜的窄带。综合孔隙胞元的受力分析和离散元数值结果表明,致密排列颗粒材料的剪胀性与微观尺度上孔隙胞元的几何结构及其内部的力链传递方式密切相关。 相似文献
18.
The presence of a weak interlayer has usually an adverse effect on the slope stability. However, the rotational failure mechanism in the conventional upper bound limit analysis cannot rationally describe the sliding of the failure mass along the weak interlayer. Therefore, a new failure mechanism was proposed in this study to evaluate the stability of slopes with weak interlayers using the upper bound limit analysis and the associated factor of safety was determined by the shear strength reduction technique. The new failure mechanism is comprised of rigid blocks undergoing rotational or translational movements, instead of the rotational movement in the conventional failure mechanism. It has also been extended to the stability analysis of slopes in presence of stabilizing piles and pore water pressures. Case studies were carried out on actual slopes with weak interlayers. The proposed rotational–translational failure mechanism was verified by the shear strength reduction finite element method (SSRFEM). Comparisons demonstrate the reliability of limit analysis method with the proposed rotational–translational failure mechanism for slopes with weak interlayers and therefore it can be used as a simple evaluation method for the engineering design. 相似文献
19.
复杂应力路径下杭州原状软黏土破坏标准研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用空心圆柱扭剪仪对主应力轴方向固定不变定向不排水剪切应力路径下杭州原状软黏土破坏标准进行试验研究,重点探讨了中主应力参数b、大主应力方向角?及孔压积累对剪切过程中黏土抗剪强度的影响,并提出原状软黏土剪切破坏的标准。试验结果表明,中主应力参数的变化没有对应力应变变化模式和试验应力路径产生影响,随着中主应力参数的增大,黏土抗剪强度的变化并没有呈现出一定的规律性;大主应力方向角对原状软黏土强度的影响反映出原生各向异性对黏土抗剪强度的控制作用;黏土样在剪切后期会产生显著的孔压积累,影响了黏土强度的发挥。考虑中主应力参数等影响因素,通过分析广义剪应力-应变曲线的变化情况,取广义剪应力qJ的峰值作为原状软黏土的剪切破坏标准。 相似文献
20.
Numerous constitutive models built on coaxial theory and validated under axi‐symmetric condition often describe the stress–stain relationships and predict the inceptions of shear banding in sands inaccurately under true triaxial condition. By adopting an elaborated Mohr–Coulomb yield function and using non‐coaxial non‐associated flow rule, a 3D non‐coaxial elasto‐plasticity model is proposed and validated by a series of true triaxial tests on loose sands. The bifurcation analysis of true triaxial tests on dense sands predicts the influence of the intermediate principal stress ratio on the onset of shear band accurately. The failure of soils is shown to be related to the formation of shear band under most intermediate principal stress ratio conditions except for those which are close to the axi‐symmetric compression condition. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献