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1.
为了确定宝塔山特长隧道的围岩应力状态,采用水压致裂法进行了地应力测试,并根据测试成果,通过有限元回归分析,预测了整个隧道围岩的应力分布。测试结果表明:宝塔山隧道深埋段地应力场以自重应力场为主导,在测试深度内最大水平主应力值为2.3~8.4MPa,具中等应力水平,最大水平主应力方向为N53°E,与隧道走向的夹角较大,即地应力对隧道围岩稳定性不利。最后,根据地应力资料对隧道围岩进行了施工期岩爆预测分析,表明隧道岩爆等级为弱-中等岩爆,但在完整坚硬岩石区,发生中等岩爆的可能性比较大。 相似文献
2.
昆仑山隧道施工期间围岩冻融圈的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
结合青藏铁路昆仑山隧道的设计、施工及科研情况, 参考昆仑山隧道施工期间的气温、地温测试资料, 对多年冻土隧道冻融圈的大小、变化规律进行了初步的研究分析. 相似文献
3.
双连拱隧道施工偏压力学特性的监测与分析研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
结合宜(宾)－水(富)高速公路鞋底坡双连拱隧道工程,通过埋设量测元件对隧道结构受力的关键部位进行现场监控测试与分析,获得了隧道支护结构在施工偏压条件下各施工阶段的围岩应力、锚杆轴力、中墙内力以及隧道支护结构中的内力变化情况。通过对比分析得出：最不利于隧道结构受力(关键是中墙受力)的施工工序发生在隧道由单侧施工过度到双侧施工时;中墙弯矩的方向一般是由后施工洞室向先施工洞室偏转。现场测试所得的数据和结论可望为同类隧道的设计、施工和研究提供有益的借鉴和参考。 相似文献
4.
天水地区第三系地层属于西秦岭甘肃群,梁家山隧道洞身穿越天水盆地第三系泥岩,为确定隧道围岩的地质特性,进行了泥岩样品的地球化学成分与矿物成分测试。将梁家山隧道泥岩的测试结果与天水秦安县下山剖面泥岩的结果进行对比分析和相关分析。结果表明:二者之间存在较好的相关性,能够描述梁家山隧道泥岩的地层岩性、区域地质背景及其演化等工程地质特性,为进一步研究天水盆地的物质组成、风化特征、沉积环境和构造背景提供依据。同时也为利用隧道工程修建研究相关地学问题提供范例和基础数据。 相似文献
5.
结合青藏铁路昆仑山隧道的设计、施工及科研情况，参考昆仑山隧道施工期间的气温、地温测试资料，对多年冻土隧道冻融圈的大小、变化规律进行了初步的研究分析。 相似文献
6.
某隧道全长1799 m,最大埋深约276 m,设计为单洞双向行驶车道,按40 km/h三级公路标准设计。隧道内轮廓净宽10.00 m,净高7.50 m。勘察中采用工程地质测绘,并采用钻探、野外原位测试、地球物理勘探、抽水试验、土工试验、波速测试等手段对勘察区进行详细的工程地质和水文地质勘察,对隧道的稳定性进行评价,划分出勘察区内的Ⅴ级围岩段总长843 m,占隧道全长46.8%;Ⅳ级围岩段总长956 m,占隧道全长53.2%。因层间破碎带发育,建议按Ⅴ级围岩支护。利用多种方法预测出隧道正常涌水量为7885 m3/d,最大涌水量为200000 m3/d。据隧道的地质情况推断认为,隧道开挖时可能产生涌水、突泥、突石等地质灾害,并提出防治建议。 相似文献
7.
为指导施工,提高施工的安全性和经济性,对西周岭隧道进行了钻孔水压致裂法地应力测量.测试结果表明:西周岭隧道深埋段地应力场以水平应力为主,在测试深度内最大水平主应力值为10.57～19.39MPa,具中等偏高应力水平;最大水平主应力方向为近N33°W,与隧道走向的夹角较小,即地应力对隧道围岩稳定性较为有利.基于地应力实测... 相似文献
8.
《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》2010,(0)
根据隧道区一个深钻孔的水压致裂法地应力测量结果,对隧道区的地应力水平及隧道围岩稳定性做出了评价,并根据测试区域的地应力条件,对隧道施工期间发生岩爆的可能性进行了判断,为隧道设计提供依据。 相似文献
9.
隧道地应力测试及岩爆预测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高地应力以及由此诱发的地质灾害（如岩爆等）是目前隧道施工中经常遇到的工程地质问题,地应力测试则是进行隧道岩爆及其其他灾害预测预报的重要内容,利用岩石声发射Kaiser效应测试地应力应用较为广泛,作者采用岩石声发射Kaiser效应法对隧道岩体初始地应力场进行了测试,结果表明,笔架山隧道应力总体状态为稳定型,岩体应力量级普遍较低。利用所测得的地应力场数据,结合国内外相关岩爆判据判定和理论分析,进一步得出笔架山隧道不会发生岩爆的结论。通过2D-σ有限元数值模拟,对笔架山隧道开挖中是否会产生岩爆等施工地质灾害做出了最终的判定,这种综合预测方法的准确性和可靠性较以前单一的岩爆预测方法大大提高,在岩爆预测理论和工程应用方面具有很好的参考价值。 相似文献
10.
11.
Jun Wang Jianguo Ning Jinquan Jiang Tengteng Bu Xinshuai Shi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(2):731-746
In this study, the occurrence conditions of rockbursts induced by broken hard and thick rock strata (HTRS) in fully mechanized longwall face are investigated by dividing the surrounding rock of a roadway rib into three zones: burst-resistance zone (BRZ), burst-inoculation zone, and stable zone. On this basis, the process of impact vibration energy (released by the broken HTRS) transformation in these zones was analyzed, and theoretical equations are presented to calculate the strain energy, dissipated energy and shock vibration energy. In addition, an energy criterion associated with the critical broken length of the HTRS, the width of burst-resistance zone, and the burst proneness index was proposed to predict rockbursts induced by broken HTRS in fully mechanized longwall face. Moreover, to control these types of rockbursts effectively, a quantitative method was proposed for determining the limit broken length of the HTRS and the BRZ. The research results show that the energy criterion may forecast these typical rockbursts, and rockburst hazards can be eliminated using the proposed method. 相似文献
12.
韧性剪切带内流体作用及成分变化与体积变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
韧性剪切带中的大量流体活动,影响了变形机制和矿物成分的变化。由于流体的渗透,造成某些元素的迁移,形成剪切带的物质成分变化和体积变化。流体与岩石的相互作用则是剪切带发展过程中的重要作用。应用成分变化计算体积变化已成为研究的热点问题 相似文献
13.
Jia-wen Zhou Xing-guo Yang Hui-ge Xing Yu-feng Xue Gang He 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(4):1149-1158
During slope excavation, high stresses can become concentrated in the rock mass because of stress redistribution. Failure of the rock mass creates an excavation-damaged zone (EDZ) in the slope. The damage reduces the acoustic wave velocity in the rock mass. Results of field tests measuring acoustic wave velocity at the Jinping I Hydropower Station are used here to study the EDZ in a tall rock slope. Two acoustic testing methods were adopted in the field tests: single-hole acoustic testing (SAT) and cross-hole acoustic testing (CAT). The acoustic wave velocity was lower in the EDZ, and the depth of the EDZ increased with decreasing slope elevation. Statistical analysis shows that the acoustic wave velocity obtained by the SAT method is larger than that obtained by the CAT method, and the relative difference between the SAT- and CAT-derived velocities is lower for a high quality rock mass than for a low quality rock mass. The integrity ratio and severity of damage can also be determined by acoustic wave velocity test results, revealing that the integrity ratio and elastic modulus of a rock mass are reduced in the EDZ. 相似文献
14.
In this paper we present a review of sedimentological, geomorphological, lithological, geochronological and geophysical data from major, minor and satellite basins of the Baikal Rift Zone (BRZ) and discuss various aspects of its evolution. Previously, the most detailed sedimentological data have been obtained from the basins of the central BRZ, e.g., Baikal, Tunka and Barguzin, and have been used by many scientists worldwide. We add new information about the peripheral part and make an attempt to provide a more comprehensive view on BRZ sedimentation stages and environments and their relations to local and regional tectonic events. A huge body of sedimentological data was obtained many years ago by Soviet geologists and therefore is hardly accessible for an international reader. We pay tribute to their efforts to the extent as the format of a journal paper permits. We discuss structural and facial features of BRZ sedimentary sequences for the better understanding of their sedimentation environments. In addition, we review tectono-sedimentation stages, neotectonic features and volcanism of the region. Finally, we consider the key questions of the BRZ evolution from the sedimentological point of view, in particular, correlation of Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins, bilateral growth of the Baikal rift, Miocene sedimentation environment and events at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, Pliocene and Pleistocene tectonic deformations and sedimentation rates. The data from deep boreholes and surface occurrences of pre-Quaternary sediments, the distribution of the Pleistocene sediments, and the data from the Baikal and Hovsgol lakes sediments showed that 1) BRZ basins do not fit the Mesozoic extensional structures and therefore hardly inherited them; 2) the Miocene stage of sedimentation was characterized by low topography and weak tectonic processes; 3) the rifting mode shifted from slow to fast at ca. 7–5 Ma; 4) the late Pleistocene high sedimentation rates reflect the fast subsidence of basin bottoms. 相似文献
15.
A.N. Galybin A.V. Dyskin B.G. Tarasov R.J. Jewell 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1999,17(3-4):267-289
The construction of stable structures in rock masses requires knowledge of the in situ stresses at the scale of excavations. However, the measurements obtained by the conventional overcoring technique are related to a small scale (centimetres). To extrapolate them to the scales of interest to rock mechanics (from meters to kilometres) requires a large number of individual stress measurements, followed by statistical analysis to avoid a considerable scatter of the measured values. In this paper, a method is proposed based on (a) large-scale surface stress and modulus measurements using the cylindrical jack method complemented by a special measuring scheme and then (b) back analysis for a given excavation shape. The method allows the simultaneous reconstruction of the stress components at the scale of excavation. A numerical simulation for a cylindrical excavation in an isotropic rock mass demonstrates the high accuracy and robustness of the method. The presence of a fractured zone surrounding the excavation can hamper the stress reconstruction, hence special measures should be taken to conduct the measurements in competent rock. 相似文献
16.
三维地应力计算模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
简要回顾了现有的三维地应力实测方法在实际工程应用中存在的局限性。对钻孔局部壁面应力全解除法进行了系统的研究,从理论上说明了由它确定三维地壳应力张量的可行性。采用线弹性有限元法对钻孔局部壁面应力解除过程做了数值模拟研究,分析了应力解除曲线的变化特征,给出了达到完全应力解除时解除深度和被解除岩芯直径之间的定量关系,还进一步分析了环形解除槽引起的应力集中对其附近局部孔壁应力分布的影响,从而为在钻孔孔壁的局部壁面上如何合理的布置应变计（花）提供了参考依据。最后对本课题的研究前景做了展望。 相似文献
17.
拟建雅砻江孟底沟水电站坝基花岗闪长岩体中,密集发育有单条宽度为0.5~3m的黏土化热液蚀变岩带。变形试验表明,微新花岗闪长岩的变形模量平均值高达31.50GPa,而强黏土化蚀变岩及弱黏土化蚀变岩变形模量仅分别为6.79GPa、11.10GPa,故蚀变岩密集带的存在必将对坝基岩体的变形特性产生重大影响。目前对于这种变形特性差异显著的复杂组合岩体综合变形模量尚无成熟的评价方法。因此,本文在刚性承压板变形试验及声波测试基础上,采用非线性回归法分析了岩体声波与变形模量的相关性,建立了岩体Vp-E0的相关性公式,进而采用算术平均法计算了典型蚀变岩密集带的综合变形模量,其值为18.03GPa,较微新花岗闪长岩变形模量降低了42.76%;同时,根据带内各种蚀变岩所占比例,采用加权平均法求得蚀变岩密集带综合变形模量值为19.40GPa,较微新花岗闪长岩变形模量降低了38.41%。两种方法所得的综合变形模量值相差仅为7.60%,且对比刚性承压板法所得变形模量值,前者更加安全可靠。故建议采用非线性回归法对孟底沟水电站蚀变岩密集带综合变形模量进行计算。 相似文献
18.
Displacement analysis of tunnel support in soft rock around a shallow highway tunnel at Golovec 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Within the last 10 years Slovenia has been constructing its highway network. The Golovec tunnel, as a part of Slovenia's capital ring is thus one of the most important connections of Ljubljana to the east and to the north. It is a double tube three-lane tunnel in soft rock with small to medium overburden. Its construction, following NATM, caused huge problems to all parties involved. The tunnel support was well monitored during its construction, which gave the authors a good opportunity to analyse the results.The Golovec tunnel is constructed through one of few hills surrounding Ljubljana, of Carboniferous age, consisting of clastic rock: siltstone, claystone and sandstone. Golovec hill belongs to the first of two overthrusting zones from this area, so the rock is strongly faulted.Tunnel monitoring consisted of daily 3-D tunnel tube displacement measurements in 97 measuring sections, and of two measuring sections within the tunnel with more complex measuring equipment, to monitor stress changes and rock deformations around both tunnel tubes. Monitoring of the surface 3-D movements gave us the opportunity to study the influence of the tunnel construction on the surface above it. The tunnel, its geology, construction procedure and monitoring results are described in the first part of the paper.The second part consists of the interpretation of monitored results, with an emphasis on results concerning development and evolution of the excavation-damaged zone in the rock around the tunnel. Back-calculations, performed as a basis for the interpretation procedure, are also presented in this part. Calculations of the propagation of the tunnel destressed zone and stress-field around the tunnel, up to the surface, were performed by means of numerical model with the finite difference method. The evolution of tunnel displacements and their prediction was based on the use of Back Propagation Neural Networks, whose principles are presented in one chapter of this paper. Results showed that the most important, for the final settlement at the surface above the tunnel, was the time of installation and rigidity of the primary support. On the basis of the calculated final displacements, this support could easily be strengthened in a short time, when necessary. 相似文献
19.
地面核磁共振（NMR）找水技术及其应用效果浅析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过鄂尔多斯盆地东部黄土覆盖区试验实例，介绍了地面核磁共振找水技术的发展现状及其基本原理、测量参数、影响因素、技术特点和应用范围，说明了该方法在探测碎屑岩类浅层风化裂隙水和构造带裂隙水中的效果。同其它物探方法相比，该方法可量化含水层深度、厚度、单位体积含水量以及平均孔隙度等水文地质参数，在地下水勘查中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
20.
利用自主开发的基于无网格法的岩石力学计算分析程序,采用Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则,考虑材料塑性屈服后的软化特性,研究单轴压缩条件下含一个缺陷的岩石试样的变形特性,探讨含缺陷材料的岩石变形局部化的演化规律。计算结果表明,岩石试件的破坏是一个渐进破坏的过程;加载过程中试件中的缺陷弱粒子首先出现粒子破坏并产生声发射,随加载进行试件产生微裂隙并扩张形成一个变形局部化带,局部化带扩张、发展,最终形成一个明显的剪切破坏带,缺陷粒子对试件的破坏起到了控制作用。岩石的声发射记录了岩石材料的塑性破坏过程,岩石试件的剪切破坏带与塑性区的发展具有非常类似的规律,但塑性区面积要大于剪切破坏带,从所处位置来看剪切破坏带位于塑性区之内,通过研究声发射特征信息发现变形局部化发生在应力-加载步（应变）达到峰值强度前。 相似文献