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1.
With the degradation of natural resources and environment caused by industrial development in some developing countries,the requirement of implementing a“social ecological”approach to development is imminent.Resource and environment carrying capacity provides a means of assessing regional development potential by measuring regional sustainable development in terms of economy,population and resources&environment.This study develops a conceptual framework for resource and environment carrying capacity estimation to support the co-development planning of industries,population and resources&environment.First,the framework constructs an index system for evaluating importance of industry or influence based on the role of industry played in the local socio-economic system.Then,the framework computes the quantitative relations through the importance of local industry,population size and resource utilization and environment effects,and subsequently estimates the resource and environment carrying capacity of the study area.With a particular attention to its land resources,water resources and environment,the Tibet case study shows that:the non-ferrous metal mining,tourism,liquor and refined tea industries play a pillar role in the Tibet’s socio-economic system;under each industrial structure,land resource carrying capacity is the weakest,and water resources carrying capacity is the strongest;to focus on tourism will improve local resource and environment carrying capacity.The research results provide a solid guide for Tibet government’s co-actions in industrial restructuring,ecological protection,and the pursuit of economic development.This study will contribute to bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical applications of resource and environment carrying capacity,and help local governments plan the regional“socio-ecological”sustainable development. 相似文献
2.
The paper presents the prediction of total energy production and consumption in all provinces and autonomous regions as well as determination of the variation of gravity center of the energy production, consumption and total discharge of industrial waste water, gas and residue of China via the energy and environmental quality data from 1978 to 2009 in China by use of GM(1,1) model and gravity center model, based on which the paper also analyzes the dynamic variation in regional difference in energy production, consumption and environmental quality and their relationship. The results are shown as follows. 1) The gravity center of energy production is gradually moving southwestward and the entire movement track approxi-mates to linear variation, indicating that the difference of energy production between the east and west, south and north is narrowing to a certain extent, with the difference between the east and the west narrowing faster than that between the south and the north. 2) The gravity center of energy consumption is moving southwestward with perceptible fluctuation, of which the gravity center position from 2000 to 2005 was relatively stable, with slight annual position variation, indicating that the growth rates of all provinces and autonomous regions are basically the same. 3) The gravity center of the total discharge of industrial waste water, gas and residue is characterized by fluctuation in longitude and latitude to a certain degree. But, it shows a southwestward trend on the whole. 4) There are common ground and discrepancy in the variation track of the gravity center of the energy production & consumption of China, and the comparative analysis of the gravity center of them and that of total discharge of industrial waste water, gas and residue shows that the environmental quality level is closely associated with the energy production and consumption (especially the energy consumption), indicating that the environment cost in economy of energy is higher in China. 相似文献
3.
环境伦理与区域可持续发展(英文) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The scientific environmental ethics plays a key role in the recognition of the human-environment interactions. Modern environmental ethics is the philosophical re-thinking of modern human race environmental behavior. The development of environmental ethics theory, as well as its application in reality, determines the viewpoints of environmental ethics. Sustainable development implies harmony on human-environment interactions and inter-generation responsibility, with emphasis on a harmonious relationship among population, resources, environment and development, so as to lay a sustainable and healthy foundation of resources and environment for future generations. The harmonious society construction in China that is raised by the Chinese central government should be covered by environmental ethics. The connotation of open environmental ethics includes a respect for nature, care for the individual human race, and respect for the development of future generations, which means giving consideration to natural values, individual and human race benefits and welfare across generations. The role of environmental ethics in regional development consists of cognition, criticism, education, inspiration, adjusting, legislation and promoting environmental regulations. The major problems in regional development are extensive resource exploration, fast population growth, irrational industrial structure, unfair welfare distribution and the twofold effects of science and technology development. The formulation of environmental ethics that aims at regional sustainable development, can not only harmonize the relationship of population, resource, environment and economic development, but also guide behavior selection, push social and political system transformation, strengthen the legal system, and raise environmental awareness of the public. 相似文献
4.
基于水环境约束分区的产业布局引导研究——以江苏省为例(英文) 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Along with the highly speedy development of economy and society in the developed area in China,with the sharp increase in the quantity of pollutant discharge such as agricultural fertilizers,industrial wastewater and domestic sewage,the water environment has been deteriorated continuously and then become a restricting factor to regional development.For harmonizing the relationship between economic development and water environment,many countries have been attempting water environmental function zoning so as to provide a scientific basis for the basin management.However,focusing mainly on water body,these researches ignored the spatial relation between water and land as well as the restricted function of water environment on regional industrial layout.So previous index system adapted only to the environmental genes but excluded the stress genes of socio-economic development.This paper,thus,taking both the sensitivity and pressure of water environment into consideration,discusses the methods of constraint regionalization of water environment,including how to divide the assessed units,choose and manage the assessed elements.Then,as a case study,Jiangsu Province is divided into four types of areas by the method of quadrant analysis,i.e.,high-pressure and high-sensitivity area (HP-HS Area),high-pressure and low-sensitivity area (HP-LS Area),low-pressure and high-sensitivity area (LP-HS Area) and low-pressure and low-sensitivity area (LP-LS Area).Finally,this paper presents the schemes of industrial layout and the policy of industrial development direction respectively,which are very important bases for harmonizing the industrial development and the bearing capacity of water environment. 相似文献
5.
塔里木河流域绿洲城镇发展与水土资源效益分析(英文) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
This paper examines the spatial pattern of land and water resources as well as urbanization and their interactions in the Tarim River Basin, Xinjiang, China. In order to do so, we extract the data associated with efficiency of land and water resources and urbanization for the years of 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2008. Specifically the paper investigates the extent to which agglomeration of population and economic activities varies geographically and interplays with spatial pattern of resources efficiency through computation of Global Moran’s I index, Getis-Ord Gi* index and a coordinated development model. The method used provides clear evidence that urbanization, land and water resources efficiency have shown uneven spatial pattern due to oasis distribution, climate, and initial phase of urban development. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows.(1) Agglomeration and dispersion of urbanization are not consistent with those of land and water resources efficiency.(2) Evolution of the hot and cold spots of urbanization, and land and water resources efficiency, in different trajectories, indicate that there are no significant interactions between them.(3) The evidence that numbers of hot and cold spots of the three factors present varying structures reveals the dominance of unequal urban development in the study area.(4) Significant differences are also found between sub-river basins in terms of the three factors, which is a reflection of the complex physical geography of the area.(5) The degree of coordinated development of cities in the Tarim River Basin is generally low in part as a reflection of difference in spatial patterns of the three factors. It is also shown that the pattern of the degree of coordinated development is relatively stable compared with evolution of hot and cold spots of the three factors. 相似文献
6.
中国水土保持研究回顾 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources is one of the basic principles for the development of China. Throughout the course of history, all the social improvement and economic development are deeply concerned with soil loss and ecological environmental protection. It is now a common sense that soil and water conservation is the safety insurance for national ecology and its development. For the past long period of time, soil and water loss has been recognized as “the No. 1 killer“ to the ecological environment. The nation is on the stage of the critical conditions for its development. China has massive mountain and upland area with complicated geological conditions and accelerated human destruction and serious soil and water loss.Based on rich historical documents, renovating experience and detailed analysis of the data collected in field experiments and field surveys for soil and water conservation, this paper aims to review the general characteristics of soil and water loss, to explore the relationship between soil and water conservation and sustainable economic development, and to provide relevant strategies for soil and water conservation in China. 相似文献
7.
As one of the few ecological wetlands in North China,Baiyangdian bears multiple important ecological functions,including ①adjusting the ecological balance of North China;②safeguarding the downstream areas,especially Tianjin City,the Beijing-Shanghai Railway and Huabei Oil Field;③serving as the reservoir for the North-to-South Water Diversion Project and the emergent use of water for Beijing;④conserving biodiversity.Wetland ecotourism is a scientific and wise use pattern for wetland resources,through which,a source of financing is provided for wetland conservation,economic alternatives are generated for local people to reduce overexploitation on wetland resources and the public awareness of environmental protection is enhanced.Since wetland ecotourism can benefit the co-existence between human and nature and promote social equity between people,it enjoys broad promise for popularization and implementation.The proactive cooperation and sound interaction between main stakeholders,and the wide participation of the community residents,will guarantee the sustainable development of wetland ecotourism.Based on the analysis of current status of participation and interactive relationships of the main stakeholders in Baiyangdian tourism,this article made an attempt to apply the theory of participatory development to the ecotourism initiatives of Baiyangdian wetland,discussed and brought forward the countermeasures to improve community participation in wetland ecotourism under the guidance of this theory. 相似文献
8.
北京城市空间发展和土地利用—伦敦经验启示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Beijing is facing a huge challenge to manage the growth of its built-up area whilst also retaining both productive arable land and land for conservation purposes in order to simultaneously realize the three aims of economic development,protecting arable land and generating environmental improvements. Meanwhile,London,as a world city with more than 200 years of industrialization and urbanization,has accumulated rich theoretical and practical experiences for land use planning in a major urban area,such as the creation of Garden Cities,a designated Green Belt and New Towns. This paper firstly analyzes the main characteristics of the spatial distribution of the built-up area,arable land and conservation land in Beijing. Then,some of the key aspects of urban fringe planning in the London region are examined. Lastly,several implications from the experience of London are provided with respect to land-use planning for Beijing,concentrating on a re-appraisal of land-use functions around Beijing,measures to improve the green belt,the development of small towns to house rural-urban migrants and urban overspill,and effective implementation of land-use planning. 相似文献
9.
中国能源资源开发的时空格局与潜力评价(英文) 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
The issue of China's energy supply security is not only the key problem which affects China's rapid and sustainable development in the 21st century,but also the one which international attention focuses on.Based on the notable characteristic of spatial imbalance between energy production and consumption in China,this paper takes the evolution of China's primary energy resources development(excluding hydropower) from 1949 to 2007 as the study object,with the aim to sum up the evolutive characteristics and laws of China's energy resources development in the past nearly 60 years.Then,based on comprehensive considerations of coal's,oil's and natural gas's basic reserves,qualities,geological conditions,production status,and ecological service function of every province,this paper adopts development potential index(DP)to evaluate the development potential of every province's energy resources,and divide them into different ranks.Conclusions are drawn as follows:(1) Generally speaking,China's gross energy production was increasing in waves from 1949 to 2007.From the viewpoint of spatial patterns,China's energy resources development has shown a characteristic of "concentrating to the north and central areas,and evolving from linear-shaped to "T-shaped" pattern gradually since 1949.(2) The structure evolution of China's energy resources development in general has shown a trend of "coal proportion is dominant but decreasing,while oil and gas proportions are increasing" since 1949.(3) At the provincial scale,China's energy resources development potential could be divided into large,sub-large,general and small ranks,four in all.In the future,the spatial pattern of China's energy production will evolve from "T-shaped" to "∏-shaped pattern".These conclusions will help to clarify the temporal and spatial characteristics and laws of China's energy resources development,and will be beneficial for China to design scientific and rational energy development strategies and plans,coordinate spatial imbalance of energy production and consumption,ensure national energy supply,avoid energy resources waste and disorderly development,and promote regional sustainable development under the globalization background with changeful international energy market. 相似文献
10.
Based on provincial panel data of water footprint and grey water footprint, and with the help of data envelopment analysis model considering and without considering the undesirable output, this paper estimates the water resources utilization efficiency in China from 1997 to 2011. The spatial weighting matrix based on economy-spatial distance function is established to discuss spatial autocorrelation of water resources utilization efficiency. With the help of absolute β-convergence model, this paper concludes that there exists β-convergence in the water resources utilization efficiency. Under the conditions of considering and without considering the undesirable output, it takes about 52.6 and 5.6 years respectively to achieve the extent of half of convergence. By mean of the spatial Durbin econometric model, this paper studies spatial spillover effects of the provincial water resources utilization efficiency in China. The results are as follows. 1) With considering and without considering the undesirable output, there is significant spatial correlation in provincial water resource efficiency in China. 2) Under the two cases, the spatial autoregressive coefficients(ρ) are 0.278 and 0.507 respectively, at 1% significance level. There exist the spatial spillover effects of provincial water resources utilization efficiency. 3) With considering the undesirable output, these factors of the education funds, the transportation infrastructure, and the industrial and agricultural water consumption proportion have positive impacts. These factors of foreign direct investment, the industry value-added water consumption per ten thousand yuan, per capita water consumption, and the total precipitation have negative impacts. 4) Without considering the undesirable output, the factor of GDP per laborer has a greater positive significant influence on the water resources utilization efficiency. However the facts of industry value-added water consumption in ten thousand yuan and the transportation infrastructure have no significant influence. 5) Regardless of undesirable output of water resources utilization efficiency, the assessment of the present real water resources utilization in China will be distorted and policy-making will be misled. The water efficiency measure considering environmental factors(such as gray water footprint) is more reasonable. 相似文献
11.
运用投入产出分析法计算并分析新疆2012年的水足迹,结果表明：新疆2012年总水足迹为292.52×108m3,人均水足迹为1283.94m3。总水足迹中虚拟水消费量为279.68×108m3,其中72.20%用于居民和政府消费,27.80%用于资本形成。水足迹自给率为80.56%,对内部水足迹依赖度较高;水资源经济效益值为25.66元·5m-3,水足迹价值兑换比例为3.31,水资源经济效益值较低;水资源压力指数为0.68,60%以上的水资源压力来源于虚拟水流出。实现新疆水资源可持续利用可通过优化产业结构、调整居民虚拟水消费结构以降低水足迹,优化贸易结构以发挥虚拟水贸易对平衡水资源供需矛盾、提高水资源利用效率的调节功能。 相似文献
12.
城镇化与资源环境的耦合过程与解耦分析——以北京为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探索城镇化与资源环境之间的相互作用与复杂关系具有重要意义。从可持续城镇化视角,构建城镇化发展指数和资源环境压力指数,分析评估了2003-2015年北京市城镇化发展对资源环境压力的影响,借鉴解耦模型进一步研究了北京市城镇化与资源环境压力的耦合关系。结果表明：① 北京城镇化进入了后期成熟阶段,人口、经济和社会城镇化均呈现出较高水平且增速放缓的特征,人口城镇化率从79.05%上升到86.51%。② 资源消耗总量仍在不断增加,而环境污染的治理效果相对较为明显,工业废水、工业固体废物等污染物排放量趋于降低,城镇化发展的资源环境压力总体处于中等水平且呈波动性逐步上升趋势。③ 12年间,北京市城镇化发展与资源环境压力呈现由弱解耦—强解耦—弱解耦—扩张性耦合—扩张性负解耦—强解耦—弱解耦—强解耦的演变轨迹,耦合与解耦关系反复,这种反复体现了城镇化发展与资源环境之间复杂关系及其动态演化特征。资源环境可持续性将是北京建设国际一流的和谐宜居之都的关键瓶颈因素之一。 相似文献
13.
科学地评价我国水资源利用效率的地区差异,对推进社会可持续发展具有重要意义。将水足迹作为投入指标纳入水资源利用效率的分析框架之中,提出Shephard水资源距离函数,并依据2009—2018年我国大陆30个省份（西藏除外）的面板数据,运用基于Shephard水资源距离函数的随机前沿分析模型对我国区域的水资源利用效率及其影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明：（1）在研究期间,我国水足迹总量及其年增长率均有较大的波动,我国各省份的水足迹总量之间的差异较为明显;（2）东部、中部、西部的水资源利用效率存在显著差异,呈现出自东向西依次递减的区域分布特点;（3）经济发展水平与水资源利用效率呈正相关,水资源禀赋、城镇化进程和产业结构（第三产业比重）均与水资源利用效率呈负相关。研究结果有利于探寻促进我国水资源可持续利用和统筹协调发展的有效途径。 相似文献
14.
《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(6)
Energy is consumed at every stage of the cycle of water production, distribution, end use, and recycled water treatment. Understanding the nexus of energy and water may help to minimize energy and water consumption and reduce environmental emissions. However, the interlinkages between water and energy have not received adequate attention. To address this gap, this paper disaggregates and quantifies the energy consumption of the entire water cycle process in Beijing. The results of this study show that total energy consumption by water production, treatment and distribution, end use, and recycled water reuse amounts to 55.6 billion kWh of electricity in 2015, or about 33% of the total urban energy usage. While water supply amount increased by only 10% from 2005 to 2015, the related energy consumption increased by 215% due to water supply structural change. The Beijing municipal government plans to implement many water saving measures in the area from 2016 to 2020, however, these policies will increase energy consumption by 74 million kWh in Beijing. This study responds to the urgent need for research on the synergies between energy and water. In order to achieve the goal of low-energy water utilization in the future, water and energy should be integrated in planning and management. 相似文献
15.
大河流域的水系统是支撑社会-生态系统的基础,理解水系统的结构变化是深入揭示区域系统演化的关键。基于自然-社会水系统视角,从黄河全流域和二级水资源分区尺度,利用1998—2018年降水、蒸发、径流、社会经济耗水等水系统变量,通过Mann-Kendall趋势检验和线性回归分析方法,分析了水系统要素的变化趋势及结构演变特征。结果表明：在全流域尺度,降水、蒸发分别以4.25 mm·a-1、4.09 mm·a-1的速率上升,但蒸发在空间上的变化更显著;径流量呈现先减少再上升后急剧下降的趋势,且与降水量显著正相关。社会系统耗水量呈现增速减缓的特征,农业灌溉占耗水结构的比例以0.50%的速率逐年下降;城镇公共、居民生活和生态环境耗水比例分别以0.07%、0.29%、0.11%的速率上升。在二级水资源分区尺度,各水系统分异特征明显,兰州至头道拐段及花园口以下区域水系统所支撑社会经济发展的功能已经出现了超载。各水系统要素间具有不同程度的协同演变趋势,在湿润区域,蒸发相较于降水具有明显的滞后现象,但在干旱区域两者变化趋势基本一致。黄河流域水系统要素在时空上均存在明显的异质性,未来人口和经济的进一步发展可能会使区域的水资源压力加剧。 相似文献
16.
Exploring the utilization effect of water-land resources under the evolution of dietary patterns is of great significance in achieving sustainable global food consumption and the effective allocation of national resources. Our selected study area was China, a country with rapidly changing dietary consumption patterns, and the research period was between 1987 and 2020. Based on the material called Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2021, this study introduced the “virtual water” and the “virtual land” to... 相似文献
17.
土库曼斯坦水资源现状及利用问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土库曼斯坦地处亚洲中部干旱区西南部,沙漠广布,水资源短缺,是阿姆河等跨界河流水资源的主要消耗区,水资源利用问题及矛盾十分突出。开展该国水资源及其开发利用研究,对研究跨界河流及极度干旱区水资源可持续利用具有重要的借鉴意义。土库曼斯坦是中亚水资源总量最少的国家,河流多数跨界,出入境水量约为233×108 m3,可利用水量远大于国内水资源总量,其中地表水资源总量约为9.39×108 m3,地下水可开采量为5.69×108 m3,而该国最主要的水利工程——卡拉库姆运河调来了阿姆河近1/3的水量,增加了灌溉面积。在水资源利用中,实际用水量的90%以上被用于农业灌溉,工业用水占7%左右,城市生活用水占2%。土库曼斯坦水资源主要靠调水工程和灌渠从界外引入,由于缺乏技术和资金支持,基础设施老化、管理混乱、水资源纷争复杂多变等水资源利用问题十分突出。在全球变化背景下,土库曼斯坦应加强在水资源的合理配置与高效利用、水资源国际合作等方面的工作,合理开发利用水资源。 相似文献
18.
水资源是干旱荒漠区资源组合中最稀缺的资源。水资源是绿洲形成、发展的物质基础,水资源利用与经济发展之间存在互动关系。本文在阐述水资源与绿洲经济发展关系的基础上,分析了新疆水资源利用现状及存在的问题,最后提出水资源持续有效利用对策。 相似文献
19.
基于水供给服务空间流动模型的渭河流域水资源安全格局 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于VIC模型量化了渭河流域水资源供需平衡关系;构建了水供给服务流动模型,模拟了渭河流域2005年、2010年和2015年的水资源安全格局,利用地理探测器探寻了区域水资源安全的主要驱动力。结果表明：① 流域内水资源供需矛盾突出,平均每年有10.89 %的地区经上游水资源补给后达到用水安全,补给不充分和未受补给的区域增加,不利于流域可持续发展。② 2005年水资源安全指数（WSI）最高,2010年最低。区域WSI的变化是自然要素和人文要素综合作用的结果,其主导因素为农业耗水量和人口。③ 农业耗水和生活耗水对区域水安全的解释力最强,通过研究发现渭南市农业用水效率过低,西安咸阳市人均生活用水过高。应倡导节水型农业、控制城市用水定额、调整水费、增强居民节水意识以提高流域水资源安全。 相似文献
20.
辽河流域生态需水估算 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
从辽河流域存在的环境问题出发,在确定主要生态需水类型的基础上,基于水资源分区,分别估算各水资源分区的不同类型的生态需水,包括枯季河道生态需水、汛期输沙需水、入海需水、地下水恢复需补充的水量、河口湿地生态需水等。针对辽河流域季节性河流的特点,提出了枯水季节最小流量法的枯季河道生态需水计算方法。计算结果表明,辽河流域生态需水总量为130.44×108m3,占地表径流的48.3%,其中浑太河、东辽河2个水资源分区的生态需水量占地表径流的比例在60%以上,辽河干流生态需水量占地表径流的53.5%,其余水资源分区生态需水量占地表径流的比例均在50%以下。研究结果为流域水资源配置及水环境保护与恢复提供科学依据。 相似文献