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1.
西藏自治区居民食品消费结构与粮食对策   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
刘键  李祥妹  钟祥浩 《山地学报》2004,22(3):286-291
通过对西藏自治区700户居民抽样调查数据和有关统计资料的分析发现,西藏居民食品消费中肉类、奶类所占比重较大,高于全国平均水平。人均直接粮食消费仅269.02k,粮食消费以内地粮食为主,本地粮食在居民生活中的直接消费比重平均为42.54%;人均间接消费粮食46.02k,占粮食消费总量的13.35%,间接消费以饲料用粮为主。根据西藏人口自然增长率、居民消费结构变化和保证居民生活的基本营养,运用SEI模型分析了全区粮食供求关系,对西藏2005—2020年的粮食需求状况进行了预测。并建议西藏未来粮食政策应立足西藏实际,以发挥区域优势、促进区域经济总体发展为总目标,大力发展有西藏特色的优质青稞生产,促进全区与内地之间的互补,在本区内不宜大力强调区域粮食自给。基于此,并提出了相应的粮食发展对策。  相似文献   

2.
山水 《山地学报》2007,25(6):697-697
青藏高原是世界屋脊,西藏阿里处于世界屋脊的巅峰区域,是屋脊上的屋脊。 阿里地区位于西藏最西端,境内喜玛拉雅山山脉、冈底斯山山脉、唐古拉山山脉、念青唐古拉山山脉、喀喇昆仑山山脉、昆仑山山脉等世界上最高大、最雄伟的山脉横亘在广阔的土地上,平均海拔在4500m以上;众多的雪山冰川孕育了马泉河、狮泉河、象泉河和孔雀河等,它们是雅鲁藏布江、印度河、萨特累季河、恒河支流哥格拉河的上游源头。因此,阿里被称为“千山之巅、万水之源”。阿里属高寒荒漠山地,气候寒冷干燥,降水量少,年均降水量50—100mm;地表多呈戈壁和石质山地,山麓地带有沙丘堆积;植物种类十分稀少,以高寒草原为主,生长有耐干旱和高寒的垫状小灌木等;动物种类贫乏,主要野生动物有适应高寒气候及粗糙草场的藏羚羊、野牦牛、野驴、岩羊和藏盘羊等。  相似文献   

3.
浙江开化山区森林区系的地理成分研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
开化山区面积占总面积的88%.是浙江植物种类最丰富的地区,有野生木本植物832种,隶属于95科272属.在对森林区系统计和分析的基础上,着重研究了地理成分,认为它们具有下列特征:1.木本植物种类非常丰富;2.古老、孑造和珍稀濒危植物较多;3.区系地理成分复杂,与世界各地植物区系有广泛联系;4.270个属可划分为14个类型(包含12个变型);5.温带成分占优势.  相似文献   

4.
试论西藏高原森林资源及其可持续发展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
廖俊国 《自然资源》1997,10(6):42-47
西藏高原的森林资源是西藏2林业建设与地方经济发展的重要物质基础,然而,收于西藏森林资源分布极不均匀,成过熟林比重过大,计划外的采伐量过多,因而亟待有一个持发展的主体构思和对策问题。  相似文献   

5.
西藏珍稀濒危植物区系特征及其保护   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
朱万泽  范建容 《山地学报》2003,21(Z1):31-39
西藏是我国乃至世界上生物多样性最丰富和最典型的地区之一,拥有较多的珍稀濒危植物。综合《中国植物红皮书》(第一册)和《国家重点保护野生植物名录》(第一批),西藏有珍稀濒危植物33科48属54种,在对其区系成分进行统计分析的基础上,探讨了其区系成分特点及地理分布特征,结果表明,西藏珍稀濒危植物具有区系地理成分复杂多样,温带性质较热带性质明显,特有属少而特有种类较多,水平和垂直分布不均匀等特征。提出了进一步加强珍稀濒危植物保护的意见。  相似文献   

6.
吉隆林区地处西藏南部喜马拉雅山中段南侧.吉隆林区特有树种,喜马拉雅长叶松Pinusroxburghii、长叶云杉Piceasmethiana和喜马拉雅红豆杉Taxuswallichiana,,属我国珍稀濒危树种,具有重要的科研、保护、开发利用价值.  相似文献   

7.
西藏生态脆弱区人为作用对生态退化的影响   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8  
西藏是典型的生态脆弱区,西藏生态具有自然基础不稳定性和对外力干预的敏感性特点。本文从阐述西藏生态的敏感性入手.在辨识生态退化的人为作用方式的基础上,探讨了生态敏感性、人为作用与生态退化之间的关系及人为作用机理.进一步利用典型相关分析方法,在西藏自治医县域尺度上就人为活动对生态退化影响的强度进行了量化分析。得出了三点结论:1)人为作用通过生态敏感性而使生态趋于退化。2)人为因子与生态敏感性之间的作用不是简单的加和,而是一种乘数效应。3)总人口是生态退化的最显著的人为因子。  相似文献   

8.
我国长江流域分布着约100种槭属植物,占世界槭属植物种类的二分之一.长江流域槭树的地理分布,横断山区有17种,峨眉山有26种,庐山有13种等。同时对庐山、黄山、南京、苏州、杭州、上海等地,作为城乡绿化美化的风景树种,槭树的栽培和置景概况作了介绍.最后,提出槭树资源的开发利用4条建议.  相似文献   

9.
吉林省东部山区蚂蚁资源研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
调查研究了吉林东部山区蚂蚁资源的种类组成及生态分布,计有蚂蚁2亚科、6属、11种.在山区不同的生境,蚂蚁种类分布有着明显的差异,论述了蚂蚁的营养成分和食用、药用价值.根据吉林东部山区蚂蚁资源的现状,提出了开发利用、保护的对策.  相似文献   

10.
构建西藏──南亚边境贸易的优势、难点与对策   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
我国的西藏与南亚同处一个地缘经济板块,两地的经贸往来有着悠久的历史。在当前我国对外开放从沿海向内陆纵深发展的进程中,选择发展符合西藏区情的边境贸易,制定合作谋略,妥善处理西藏与南亚诸国的多边关系,十分有利于西藏的对外开放与经济发展。  相似文献   

11.
以分布式认知理论为基础,采用质性研究法、数量分析法以及GIS空间分析技术,探讨日喀则市藏族、汉族居民对城市空间环境认知的异同性。研究表明,藏族对城市空间环境的认知得分高于汉族对城市空间环境的认知得分。藏族、汉族对城市空间环境的认知水平可分为高、中、低3类。认知空间呈现圈层结构与混合结构模式,可分为藏汉一致性、藏族独立以及汉族独立3种认知空间类型。影响居民对城市空间环境的认知因素有共性因素和差异性因素。景观走廊质量、宜居性、基础设施两项是藏族居民关注的主要影响因素,汉族居民更关注公共服务设施的服务能力以及对当地文化的融入感。  相似文献   

12.
贵州中部地区有大型菌物168种,隶属31科,64属.分属于阔叶林型、针叶林型、针阔混交林型.其中担子菌154种,57属,28科;子囊菌14种,7属,5科.  相似文献   

13.
青藏高原近30年气候变化趋势   总被引:209,自引:17,他引:192  
以1971~2000年青藏高原77个气象台站的观测数据 (最低、最高气温,日照时数,相对湿度,风速和降水量) 为基础,应用1998年FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith模型,并根据我国实际状况对其辐射项进行修正,模拟了青藏高原1971~2000年的最大可能蒸散,并由Vyshotskii模型转换为干燥度,力求说明近30年青藏高原的气候变化趋势,以及干湿状况的空间分布。应用线性回归法计算变化趋势,并用Mann-Kendall方法进行趋势检验。结果表明:青藏高原近30年气候变化的总体特征是气温呈上升趋势,降水呈增加趋势,最大可能蒸散呈降低趋势,大多数地区的干湿状况有由干向湿发展的趋势。气候因子与地表干湿状况间并不是线性关系,存在很大的不确定性。  相似文献   

14.
In order to analyze the differences between the two snow cover data, the snow cover data of 884 meteorological stations in China from 1951 to 2005 are counted. The data include days of visual snow observation, snow depth, and snow cover durations, which vary according to different definitions of snow cover days. Two series of data, as defined by "snow depth" and by "weather observation," are investigated here. Our results show that there is no apparent difference between them in east China and the Xinjiang region, but in northeast China and the Tibetan Plateau the "weather observation" data vary by more than 10 days and the "snow depth" data vary by 0.4 cm. Especially in the Tibetan Plateau, there are at least 15 more days of "weather observation" snow in most areas (sometimes more than 30 days). There is an obvious difference in the snow cover data due to bimodal snowfall data in the Tibetan Plateau, which has peak snowfalls from September to October and from April to May. At those times the temperature is too high for snow cover formation and only a few days have trace snow cover. Also, the characteristics and changing trends of snow cover are analyzed here based on the snow cover data of nine weather stations in the northeast region of the Tibetan Plateau, by the Mann-Kendall test. The results show significantly fewer days of snow cover and shorter snow durations as defined by "snow depth" compared to that as defined by "weather observation." Mann-Kendall tests of both series of snow cover durations show an abrupt change in 1987.  相似文献   

15.
Crustose species are the slowest growing of all lichens. Their slow growth and longevity, especially of the yellow-green Rhizocarpon group, has made them important for surface-exposure dating (lichenometry). This review considers various aspects of the growth of crustose lichens revealed by direct measurement including: 1) early growth and development; 2) radial growth rates (RGR, mm yr−1); 3) the growth rate–size curve; and 4) the influence of environmental factors. Many crustose species comprise discrete areolae that contain the algal partner growing on the surface of a non-lichenized fungal hypothallus. Recent data suggest that 'primary' areolae may develop from free-living algal cells on the substratum while 'secondary' areolae develop from zoospores produced within the thallus. In more extreme environments, the RGR of crustose species may be exceptionally slow but considerably faster rates of growth have been recorded under more favourable conditions. The growth curves of crustose lichens with a marginal hypothallus may differ from the 'asymptotic' type of curve recorded in foliose and placodioid species; the latter are characterized by a phase of increasing RGR to a maximum and may be followed by a phase of decreasing growth. The decline in RGR in larger thalli may be attributable to a reduction in the efficiency of translocation of carbohydrate to the thallus margin or to an increased allocation of carbon to support mature 'reproductive' areolae. Crustose species have a low RGR accompanied by a low demand for nutrients and an increased allocation of carbon for stress resistance; therefore enabling colonization of more extreme environments.  相似文献   

16.
以西藏自治区申扎县的部分村落作为典型藏族社区,采取面对面访谈的方法,从社区居民参与的5个方面分析典型藏族社区参与生态旅游开发的感知与态度。结果表明:(1)大部分居民支持发展生态旅游,愿意参与生态旅游政策决策制定与开发,愿意参与旅游教育和培训。(2)大部分居民认为生态旅游可促进本地经济与社会发展,促进居民能力提升和提高居民对环境与文化的保护意识,但部分居民认为开发生态旅游会破坏自然环境与本地民俗文化。(3)社区居民参与生态旅游水平还很低,但参与潜力较大。(4)大部分居民可参与生态旅游开发的主要方式为:旅游开发的劳动力、提供藏族特色住宿餐饮、表演藏族歌曲和销售旅游商品。(5)社区参与生态旅游的能力较差,缺乏资金与技术,居民普遍对政府是否会帮助与支持当地居民参与旅游开发经营出缺乏信心。(6)制约典型藏族社区参与生态旅游的障碍性因素为:语言障碍、资金与技术缺乏、生态旅游的基础设施不足。最后构建申扎县社区参与生态旅游水平的提升机理。  相似文献   

17.
中国热带,亚热带西部地区热量带的划分   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
庞庭颐 《地理学报》1996,51(3):224-229
我国热带,亚热带西部地区山多,高原广,垂直地带性的影响,给热量带的划分带来了困难,因为垂直气候都具有在该地区纬向气候带的基础上衍生而生的,因此,亚热带西部地区热量带的划分也应以纬向地带性为主,基带气候为中亚热带的云贵高原和金沙江河谷仍应归属于中亚热带,青藏高原破坏了纬向地带性规律,其东侧应有一条亚热带西界,这一界线应是北、中、南亚热带遇到青藏高原后的中断界线,而不是北、中、南亚热带与青藏高原寒气候  相似文献   

18.
The problem of comparing geographic flows is explored. We present a simple statistical method and compare it to a cartographic method. Each is applied to a specific example in which migration flows are contrasted with fiscal transfers. The analysis suggests that while neither method is adequate by itself, there might be great advantages to using them in tandem.  相似文献   

19.
As terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) sinks, plantation ecosystems play essential roles in species diversity protection, resource supply and climate change. Artificial afforestation is of great important in improving the ecological condition, economic development and production in Tibet. Forests can improve soil property changes, yet the understanding of how plantations influence soil C and nutrient conditions in Tibet is still insufficient. This review combines with previous studies to explore the characteristics of soil nutrients, involving nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on Tibetan poplar plantations. Generally, plantations have better abilities in improving the soil C and N cycles, and enhancing the soil stability. In this review, we further analyze the factors, including the modality of land-use, afforested period, tree species, climate factors and soil properties, which may affect the soil C and nutrients. (1) The patterns of land-use affect the accumulation of soil organic matter, thus influence the accumulation of soil C and nutrients; (2) Soil C and N increase with the years of artificial forests, while soil P is on the contrary; (3) The effects of different tree species on soil C and nutrients vary widely; (4) In terms of climate, the C sink of Tibetan plantation soil is most likely to be affected by precipitation, while the nutrient is more likely to be influenced by temperature; (5) Among soil properties, the most related factor to C is soil texture. Furthermore, our review pointed out that future research on soil ecological functions should be focused on soil microbes on Tibet plantation. At the end, we concluded three major challenges for the future research. Therefore, this review contributes to a better understand the effects of plantation on soil C and nutrients on the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

20.
藏北高原土壤温度分布的纬向效应和高度效应   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
利用GAME-Tibet野外观测期间所得藏北高原不同地点土壤温度资料,对藏北高原土壤温度分布纬向地带性和垂直地带性特征进行分析,结果表明夏季土壤温度分布主要表现为高度效应,而冬季土壤温度分布主要表现为纬度效应,年平均土壤温度分布是纬度效应和高度效应综合作用的结果。  相似文献   

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