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一次能源尤其是化石能源的大规模开发利用,导致环境破坏越来越严重,对人类生活造成了极大的负面影响,因此,清洁能源的开发利用引起全球的广泛重视,美国、日本、欧盟、中国、印度等国家或地区从20世纪开始开展清洁能源的开发利用工作.本文在前人的研究基础上,首先明确了清洁能源的概念和能源种类.其次,从投资、装机容量和消费变化等方面深入分析了全球清洁能源的发展现状,采用趋势预测法预测了未来清洁能源开发利用成本,与2019年相比,2050年聚光太阳能发电成本下降超过七成,陆上风电、海上风电、地热下降超过六成,光伏发电下降接近六成,水电上升超过一成;运用生长曲线预测模型(SGompertz曲线模型)预测了未来清洁能源需求趋势,2030年全球清洁能源需求约为30.5×108 t油当量,约占全球一次能源需求的18％;2050年全球清洁能源需求57×108 t油当量,约占全球一次能源需求的30％.最后,得出了清洁能源的利用程度和碳排放量呈负相关关系、中国处于全球清洁能源发展的领先地位和清洁能源将改变全球一次能源格局等结论. 相似文献
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正2014年11月12日,中美两国发布《中美气候变化联合声明》,宣布清洁能源发展合作与温室气体减排方面的双边协议:美国计划于2025年实现在2005年基础上减排26%~28%的全经济范围减排目标并将努力减排28%;中国计划2030年左右CO2排放达到峰值且将努力早日达峰,并计划到2030年非化石能源占一次能源消费比重提高到20%左右。中美两国新的减排目标为2015年气候谈判做出了重要的承诺,以合作的方式寻求建立互信和促进全球能源转型,为国际应对气候变化行动注入新的活力。中美两国减排目标的确定是根据现有政策措施开展密集的碳减排成本效应分析。中美两国新的减排承 相似文献
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为应对后疫情时代及地缘政治影响下石油贸易新格局, 保障新时代、新格局下中国石油安全, 本文以全球石油贸易新格局为背景, 对中国、俄罗斯、印度、沙特阿拉伯四国石油贸易进行建模。由于沙特阿拉伯与中国、印度石油贸易长期处于安全、稳定状态, 本次实验运用演化博弈理论对中国与印度的能源竞争以及中国与俄罗斯的能源合作进行定量分析。研究结果表明: 1)印度持续增加俄罗斯石油进口将对我国石油安全造成威胁, 在印度对俄罗斯的石油进口占比达到16.5%时, 将改变四国石油贸易结构, 成为我国的重要威胁。2)俄罗斯出口意愿对结果产生直接影响, 在俄罗斯出口意愿持续降低时, 仿真结果产生变化, 对我国石油安全造成威胁。在世界石油贸易格局变化后的新时代, 本研究对保障中国石油安全有重要意义。 相似文献
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2017年以来,全球石油消费持续疲软,消费增速呈逐渐下降的趋势,新冠肺炎疫情对石油需求的打击更是"雪上加霜".本文回顾了疫情发生以来国际原油价格及大型油气公司股票价格的走势,探讨了疫情对全球石油需求和供应市场的影响,研判了短期及中长期全球石油供需格局,得出了三点结论:(1)疫情对全球石油需求产生重大冲击,预计2020年全球石油需求较2019年将下降5％,未来随着全球经济逐步恢复,全球石油消费将缓慢回升,预计到2030年全球石油消费将达到峰值48.7亿t;(2)未来3～5年,全球石油产量将大于需求量,全球石油市场供大于求的局面仍将持续;(3)中长期来看,若国际原油价格持续在低价位震荡,将会造成上游勘探开发投入不足,英国、俄罗斯及亚洲等国家的部分老油田产量将持续下滑,全球石油市场将趋紧. 相似文献
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《地球科学进展》2016,(7)
中印两国作为两大发展中国家和人口大国,面临着发展经济和应对气候变化的双重挑战,两国均在积极开展碳减排,印度还承受着"被对标"中国的压力。以中印两国为对照分析样本,以长序列统计值为基础分析数据,在详细分析比较碳排放历程的基础上,从经济发展情况、能源储量及消费情况等多个维度对比分析两国碳排放面临的形势,围绕中印两国的碳减排目标,测算和比较了目标实现后的碳排放强度和能源结构。比较结果表明:中国碳排放总量大于印度,但排放总量增速、人均排放增速均明显低于印度,碳排放强度下降速度明显快于印度;中国承诺的碳减排的努力大于印度。但随着印度能源结构的不断调整,将逐步优于中国。 相似文献
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中国能源消费强度趋势分析 总被引：17，自引：10，他引：7
本文分析了发达国家农业、工业、交通、商业以及生活五大部门能源消费强度的变化轨迹, 探讨了各部门能源消费强度变化的动因。在此基础上, 结合中国能源消费强度分析, 运用部门能源消费强度法预测了我国一次能源消费强度的变化趋势。研究表明, 中国能源消费强度呈现不断下降的趋势, 2020年中国能源消费强度将比2005年下降35%。能源消费强度的变化趋势与工业化进程密切相关, 调整产业结构和能源结构、提升能源利用效率, 是未来中国降低能源消费强度的最有力措施。 相似文献
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基于能源需求理论的全球CO2排放趋势分析 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
能源消费是影响CO2排放的最主要因素, 本文以能源消费基本规律为基础, 按照人均累积CO2排放、人均CO2排放以及CO2排放强度三个重要指标, 系统分析了英国、美国、法国、日本、中国等典型国家CO2排放的历史轨迹, 全面预测了未来20年全球及中国CO2排放量。结果表明: 2030年中国CO2排放总量将为124亿吨, 人均排放约为8.5吨, CO2排放强度为356吨/百万美元, 与处于相同发展程度的美国(1994年)相比, 人均排放指标和排放强度指标均不到其一半水平。2020年和2030年, 中国的CO2排放强度与2007年比将分别降低46%和60%, 将为减缓温室气体排放做出突出贡献。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献