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1.
天文斑点成象中的数据预处理 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
主要讨论了由云南天文台的斑点象探测系统引入斑点数据中的两种噪声：斑点图记录噪声和由大气视宁度差异引起的系统误差，叙述了用于克服噪声的预处理方法，噪声改正的实验结果表明，这些预处理对于实现天文目标的高分辨率象复原是有效的和必须的。 相似文献
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简要地介绍了斑点全息术的原理，分析了存在于实际数据中的各种噪声对功率谱造成的严重影响，讨论了消除噪声偏差的方法，最后报导了用斑点全息术对两双星的高分辨率象复原结果。 相似文献
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讨论了电子倍增电荷耦合器件(Electron-Multiplying Charge-Coupled Device,EMCCD)附加噪声的产生机理及特性,通过模拟详细分析了EMCCD附加噪声对天文图像高分辨统计重建技术——斑点干涉术传递函数信噪比的影响,并和实验进行了对比,结果表明,在星体暗弱时,由附加噪声引入的偏差将使斑点干涉术重建的信噪比下降,严重影响重建的结果,必须加以改正.由实测数据重建结果可以看出,噪声偏差改正模型基本解决了EMCCD附加噪声对斑点干涉术在重建目标自相关或模时的影响. 相似文献
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云南天文台高分辨率斑点成像的新进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文报道了对天文目标：双星ＡＤＳ１６８００、ＡＤＳ１６１７３,三星Ｈｕ６６（ＡＤＳ１１３４４）和Ｈｌｄ１７１（ＡＤＳ１６６４８）进行的斑点成像观测及测量结果。介绍了所用的二维光子计数斑点像探测系统的性能,分析了探测系统的光子噪声、附加噪声和其它更复杂的噪声对斑点图的平均功率谱和重谱的影响。在讨论了改正重谱中的噪声偏差项时提出了对重谱基底施加正性约束的算法。测量的结果表明,实现了高精度的微射受限天文 相似文献
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在简要介绍了由Hofmann等提出的迭代最小二乘法天文像复原法：砌砖法（Building block)的原理后，提出用斑点干涉术等方法对被观测目标像的范围大小进行大概估计的预处理方案，这样将做到对砖块的区域限定投放，避免大量无效的砖块投放迭代步骤，天文高分辨率像复原实验表明，砌砖法的效率被大大地提高了。 相似文献
8.
在简要介绍了由Hofmann等提出的迭代最小二乘法天文像复原法砌砖法(Building
block)的原理后，提出用斑点干涉术等方法对被观测目标像的范围大小进行大概估计的预处理方案，这样将做到对砖块的区域限定投放，避免大量无效的砖块投放迭代步骤。天文高分辨率像复原实验表明，砌砖法的效率被大大地提高了。 相似文献
9.
讨论了云南天文台１９９５年研制的斑点象探测系统存在的几个问题：ＩＣＣＤ探测的一些性能参数不明,控制器不灵,数据的采集速度较慢等,然后报导了对ＩＣＣＤ光灵敏度和电子快门参数的测量;对ＩＣＣＤ控制器的改装和提高数据采集速度的方法以及用改进后的探测系统进行观测的情况 相似文献
10.
张忠萍 《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》1993,(14):118-125
本针对人卫激光测距中白天观测的高噪声环境，提出并实现了计算机屏幕显示观测数据，并直接对资料进行屏幕处理的软件。本介绍了它的设计思想，具有的功能和实际应用情况。本方法为资料的预处理提供了新的路径，它具有处理崩溃点ε达90％以上的极高噪声能力。本方法还可以应用在噪声数大的其它天观测等实测工作中。 相似文献
11.
Recent modeling of the meteorological conditions during and following times of high obliquity suggests that an icy mantle could have been emplaced in western Utopia Planitia by atmospheric deposition during the late Amazonian period [Costard, F.M., Forget, F., Madeleine, J.B., Soare, R.J., Kargel, J.S., 2008. Lunar Planet. Sci. 39. Abstract 1274; Madeleine, B., Forget, F., Head, J.W., Levrard, B., Montmessin, F., 2007. Lunar Planet. Sci. 38. Abstract 1778]. Astapus Colles (ABa) is a late Amazonian geological unit — located in this hypothesized area of accumulation — that comprises an icy mantle tens of meters thick [Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J.A., Hare, T.M., 2005. US Geol. Surv. Sci. Invest., Map 2888]. For the most part, this unit drapes the early Amazonian Vastitas Borealis interior unit (ABvi); to a lesser degree it overlies the early Amazonian Vastitas Borealis marginal unit (ABvm) and the early to late Hesperian UP plains unit HBu2 [Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J.A., Hare, T.M., 2005. US Geol. Surv. Sci. Invest., Map 2888]. Landscapes possibly modified by late-Amazonian periglacial processes [Costard, F.M., Kargel, J.S., 1995. Icarus 114, 93-112; McBride, S.A., Allen, C.C., Bell, M.S., 2005. Lunar Planet. Sci. 36. Abstract 1090; Morgenstern, A., Hauber, E., Reiss, D., van Gasselt, S., Grosse, G., Schirrmeister, L., 2007. J. Geophys. Res. 112, doi:10.1029/2006JE002869. E06010; Seibert, N.M., Kargel, J.S., 2001. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 899-902; Soare, R.J., Kargel, J.S., Osinski, G.R., Costard, F., 2007. Icarus 191, 95-112; Soare, R.J., Osinski, G.R., Roehm, C.L., 2008. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 272, 382-393] and glacial processes [Milliken, R.E., Mustard, J.F., Goldsby, D.L., 2003. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (E6), doi:10.1029/2002JE002005. 5057; Mustard, J.F., Cooper, C.D., Rifkin, M.K., 2001. Nature 412, 411-414; Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J.A., Hare, T.M., 2005. US Geol. Surv. Sci. Invest., Map 2888] have been reported within the region. Researchers have assumed that the periglacial and glacial landscapes occur within the same geological unit, the ABa [i.e., Morgenstern, A., Hauber, E., Reiss, D., van Gasselt, S., Grosse, G., Schirrmeister, L., 2007. J. Geophys. Res. 112; doi:10.1029/2006JE002869. E06010; Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J.A., Hare, T.M., 2005. US Geol. Surv. Sci. Invest., Map 2888]. In this study we use HiRISE (High Resolution Image Science Experiment, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter) imagery to identify the stratigraphical separation of the two landscapes and show that periglacial landscape modification has occurred in the geological units that underlie the ABa, not in the ABa itself. Moreover, we suggest that the periglacial landscape extends well beyond the perimeter of the ABa and could be the product of “wet” cold-climate processes. These processes involve freeze-thaw cycles and intermittently stable liquid-water at or near the surface. By contrast, we propose that the ABa is a very recent late-Amazonian geological unit formed principally by “dry” cold-climate processes. These processes comprise accumulation (by atmospheric deposition) and ablation (by sublimation). 相似文献
12.
F. Søraas J.Å. Lundblad N.F. Maltseva V. Troitskaya V. Selivanov 《Planetary and Space Science》1980,28(4):387-405
A study of simultaneous groundbased observations of I.P.D.P. (intervals of pulsation of diminishing period) magnetic field fluctuation events and satellite observations of energetic protons have been performed. Some of our results are as follows. (1) The region of I.P.D.P. occurrence is always located equatorward of the isotropic proton precipitation. (2) The I.P.D.P. generation is not connected with the poleward leap of the aurora and the poleward expansion of the precipitating protons. (3) In the evening to afternoon sector enhanced pitch angle scattering is found near L = 4 during I.P.D.P. events, earlier shown to be associated with ion cyclotron resonance. (4) I.P.D.P. events seem to be associated with increased fluxes of (40–60) keV protons injected during substorms near the plasmapause in the equatorial plane.In order to explain the observations we invoke the following model: at substorm onset ring current protons are injected deep into the nightside magnetosphere covering a certain region in L and L.T., with the inner edge of the proton population following McIlwain's injection boundary. The protons drift azimuthally westward and generate ion cyclotron waves in a certain L interval at or inside the plasmapause. By taking into account the shape and position of the plasmapause and the injection boundary, the exterrt and position of the wave generating region can be determined. The frequency-time dispersion of the I.P.D.P. is largely attributed to the L-dependent drift velocity of protons in a narrow energy band. The model is able to explain the observations during several individual events. Also, the model predicts the general trends that have been found by statistical analysis of I.P.D.P. events and accounts for the constant frequency observed by satellites during I.P.D.P. events. 相似文献
13.
Saturn’s rings host two known moons, Pan and Daphnis, which are massive enough to clear circumferential gaps in the ring around their orbits. Both moons create wake patterns at the gap edges by gravitational deflection of the ring material (Cuzzi, J.N., Scargle, J.D. [1985]. Astrophys. J. 292, 276-290; Showalter, M.R., Cuzzi, J.N., Marouf, E.A., Esposito, L.W. [1986]. Icarus 66, 297-323). New Cassini observations revealed that these wavy edges deviate from the sinusoidal waveform, which one would expect from a theory that assumes a circular orbit of the perturbing moon and neglects particle interactions. Resonant perturbations of the edges by moons outside the ring system, as well as an eccentric orbit of the embedded moon, may partly explain this behavior (Porco, C.C., and 34 colleagues [2005]. Science 307, 1226-1236; Tiscareno, M.S., Burns, J.A., Hedman, M.M., Spitale, J.N., Porco, C.C., Murray, C.D., and the Cassini Imaging team [2005]. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 37, 767; Weiss, J.W., Porco, C.C., Tiscareno, M.S., Burns, J.A., Dones, L. [2005]. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 37, 767; Weiss, J.W., Porco, C.C., Tiscareno, M.S. [2009]. Astron. J. 138, 272-286). Here we present an extended non-collisional streamline model which accounts for both effects. We describe the resulting variations of the density structure and the modification of the nonlinearity parameter q. Furthermore, an estimate is given for the applicability of the model. We use the streamwire model introduced by Stewart (Stewart, G.R. [1991]. Icarus 94, 436-450) to plot the perturbed ring density at the gap edges.We apply our model to the Keeler gap edges undulated by Daphnis and to a faint ringlet in the Encke gap close to the orbit of Pan. The modulations of the latter ringlet, induced by the perturbations of Pan (Burns, J.A., Hedman, M.M., Tiscareno, M.S., Nicholson, P.D., Streetman, B.J., Colwell, J.E., Showalter, M.R., Murray, C.D., Cuzzi, J.N., Porco, C.C., and the Cassini ISS team [2005]. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 37, 766), can be well described by our analytical model. Our analysis yields a Hill radius of Pan of 17.5 km, which is 9% smaller than the value presented by Porco (Porco, C.C., and 34 colleagues [2005]. Science 307, 1226-1236), but fits well to the radial semi-axis of Pan of 17.4 km. This supports the idea that Pan has filled its Hill sphere with accreted material (Porco, C.C., Thomas, P.C., Weiss, J.W., Richardson, D.C. [2007]. Science 318, 1602-1607). A numerical solution of a streamline is used to estimate the parameters of the Daphnis-Keeler gap system, since the close proximity of the gap edge to the moon induces strong perturbations, not allowing an application of the analytic streamline model. We obtain a Hill radius of 5.1 km for Daphnis, an inner edge variation of 8 km, and an eccentricity for Daphnis of 1.5 × 10−5. The latter two quantities deviate by a factor of two from values gained by direct observations (Jacobson, R.A., Spitale, J., Porco, C.C., Beurle, K., Cooper, N.J., Evans, M.W., Murray, C.D. [2008]. Astron. J. 135, 261-263; Tiscareno, M.S., Burns, J.A., Hedman, M.M., Spitale, J.N., Porco, C.C., Murray, C.D., and the Cassini Imaging team [2005]. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 37, 767), which might be attributed to the neglect of particle interactions and vertical motion in our model. 相似文献
14.
《Meteoritics & planetary science》2002,37(4):613-616
Book reviewed in this article: Our Universe: The Thrill of Extragalactic Exploration as Told by Leading Experts edited by S. Alan Stern. Solar System Dynamics by C. D. Murray and S. F. Dermott. Astrobiology by Monica Grady. Moon Lander by Thomas J. Kelly. Noble Gas Geochemistry by Minoru Ozima and Frank A. Podosek. 相似文献
15.
《Meteoritics & planetary science》1999,34(5):819-819
Book reviewed in this article: Encyclopedia of the solar system edited by P. R. Weissman, L-A. McFadden and T. V. Johnson. Worlds Without End: The Exploration of Planets Known and Unknown by John S. Lewis. Impact: Ground Zero (CD-ROM). The Babylonian Theory of the Planets by Noel M. Swerdlow. Einstein's Mirror by Tony Hey and Patrick Walters. Stars by James B. Kaler. 相似文献
16.
《Meteoritics & planetary science》1994,29(6):898-899
Book reviewed in this article: Rocks from Space: Meteorites and Meteorite Hunters by O. R. Norton Geochemical Reference Material Compositions by P. J. Potts, A. G. Tindle and P. C. Webb Crystallography in Modern Chemistry: A Resource Book of Crystal Structures by Thomas C. W. Mak and Gong-Du Zhou Stardust to Planets: A Geological Tour of the Solar System by H. Y. McSween 相似文献
17.
The NEAR mission to 433 Eros provided detailed data on the geology, mineralogy, and chemistry of this S-class asteroid [McCoy, T.J., Robinson, M.S., Nittler, L.R., Burbine, T.H., 2002. Chem. Erde 62, 89-121; Cheng, A.F., 1997. Space Sci. Rev. 82, 3-29] with a key science goal of understanding the relationship between asteroids and meteorites [Cheng, A.F., 1997. Space Sci. Rev. 82, 3-29; Gaffey, M.J., Burbine, T.H., Piatek, J.L., Reed, K.L., Chaky, D.A., Bell, J.F., Brown, R.H., 1993a. Icarus 106, 573-602]. Previously reported major element data revealed a bulk surface similar to that of ordinary chondrites, with the notable exception of sulfur, which was highly depleted [Trombka, J.I., and 23 colleagues, 2000. Science 289, 2101-2105; Nittler, L.R., and 14 colleagues, 2001. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 36, 1673-1695]. The origin of this sulfur deficiency, and hence the fundamental nature of the asteroid's surface, has remained controversial. We report a new analysis of NEAR X-ray spectrometer data, indicating that Eros has Cr/Fe, Mn/Fe, and Ni/Fe ratios similar to ordinary chondrite meteorites of type LL or L. Chondritic levels of Cr, Mn, and Ni argue strongly against a partial melting explanation for the sulfur depletion. Instead, our results provide definitive evidence that Eros is a primitive body with composition and mineralogy similar to ordinary chondrites, but with a surface heavily modified by interactions with the solar wind and micrometeorites, processes collectively termed space weathering. 相似文献
18.
《Meteoritics & planetary science》1999,34(4):679-683
Book reviewed in this article: Fault-Related Rocks: A Photographic Atlas edited by A. W. Snoke, J. Tullis, and V. R. Todd. The Search for Life on Other Planets by Bruce Jakosky. The Search for Extraterrestrial Life: Essays on Science and Technology edited by Peter Day Cosmic Bullets: High Energy Particles in Astrophysics by Roger Clay and Bruce Dawson. Pluto and Charon edited by S. Alan Stern and David J. Tholen. Fanfare for Earth by Harry McSween, Jr. St. 相似文献
19.
The effect of surface topography on the lunar photoelectron sheath and electrostatic dust transport 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The dayside near-surface lunar plasma environment is electrostatically complex, due to the interaction between solar UV-induced photoemission, the collection of ambient ions and electrons, and the presence of micron and sub-micron sized dust grains. Further complicating this environment, although less well understood in effect, is the presence of surface relief, typically in the form of craters and/or boulders. It has been suggested that such non-trivial surface topography can lead to complex electrostatic potentials and fields, including “mini-wakes” behind small obstacles to the solar wind flow and “supercharging” near sunlit-shadowed boundaries (Criswell, D.R., De, B.R. [1977]. J. Geophys. Res. 82 (7); De, B.R., Criswell, D.R. [1977]. J. Geophys. Res. 82 (7); Farrell, W.M., Stubbs, T.J., Vondrak, R.R., Delory, G.T., Halekas, J.S. [2007]. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34; Wang, X., Horányi, M., Sternovsky, Z., Robertson, S., Morfill, G.E. [2007]. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L16104). In this paper, we present results from a three-dimensional, self-consistent, electrostatic particle-in-cell code used to model the dayside near-surface lunar plasma environment over a variety of local times with the presence of a crater. Additionally, we use the particle-in-cell model output to study the effect of surface topography on the dynamics of electrostatic dust transport, with the goal of understanding previous observations of dust dynamics on the Moon and dust ponding on various asteroids. 相似文献
20.
Long-slit spectroscopy observations of Uranus by the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope UIST instrument in 2006, 2007 and 2008 have been used to monitor the change in Uranus’ vertical and latitudinal cloud structure through the planet’s northern spring equinox in December 2007.The observed reflectance spectra in the Long J (1.17-1.31 μm) and H (1.45-1.65 μm) bands, obtained with the slit aligned along Uranus’ central meridian, have been fitted with an optimal estimation retrieval model to determine the vertical cloud profile from 0.1 to 6-8 bar over a wide range of latitudes. Context images in a number of spectral bands were used to discriminate general zonal cloud structural changes from passing discrete clouds. From 2006 to 2007 reflection from deep clouds at pressures between 2 and 6-8 bar increased at all latitudes, although there is some systematic uncertainty in the absolute pressure levels resulting from extrapolating the methane coefficients of Irwin et al. (Irwin, P.G.J., Sromovsky, L.A., Strong, E.K., Sihra, K., Teanby, N.A., Bowles, N., Calcutt, S.B., Remedios, J.J. [2006] Icarus, 181, 309-319) at pressures greater than 1 bar, as noted by Tomasko et al. and Karkoschka and Tomasko (Tomasko, M.G., Bezard, B., Doose, L., Engel, S., Karkoschka, E. [2008] Planet. Space Sci., 56, 624-647; Karkoschka, E., Tomasko, M. [2009] Icarus). However, from 2007 to 2008 reflection from these clouds throughout the southern hemisphere and from both northern and southern mid-latitudes (30° N,S) diminished. As a result, the southern polar collar at 45°S has diminished in brightness relative to mid-latitudes, a similar collar at 45°N has become more prominent (e.g. Rages, K.A., Hammel, H.B., Sromovsky, L. [2007] Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 39, 425; Sromovsky, L.A., Fry, P.M., Ahue, W.M., Hammel, H.B., de Pater, I., Rages, K.A., Showalter, M.R., van Dam, M.A. [2008] vol. 40 of AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts, pp. 488-489; Sromovsky, L.A., Ahue, W.K.M., Fry, P.M., Hammel, H.B., de Pater, I., Rages, K.A., Showalter, M.R. [2009] Icarus), and the lowering reflectivity from mid-latitudes has left a noticeable brighter cloud zone at the equator (e.g. Sromovsky, L.A., Fry, P.M. [2007] Icarus, 192, 527-557;Karkoschka, E., Tomasko, M. [2009] Icarus). For such substantial cloud changes to have occurred in just two years suggests that the circulation of Uranus’ atmosphere is much more vigorous and/or efficient than is commonly thought. The composition of the main observed cloud decks between 2 and 6-8 bar is unclear, but the absence of the expected methane cloud at 1.2-1.3 bar (Lindal, G.F., Lyons, J.R., Sweetnam, D.N., Eshleman, V.R., Hinson, D.P. [1987] J. Geophys. Res., 92, 14987-15001) is striking (as previously noted by, among others, Sromovsky, L.A., Irwin, P.G.J., Fry, P.M. [2006] Icarus, 182, 577-593; Sromovsky, L.A., Fry, P.M. [2007] Icarus, 192, 527-557; Sromovsky, L.A., Fry, P.M. [2008] Icarus, 193, 252-266; Karkoschka, E., Tomasko, M. [2009] Icarus) and suggests that cloud particles may be considerably different from pure condensates and may be linked with stratospheric haze particles drizzling down from above, or that tropospheric hazes are generated near the methane condensation level and then drizzle down to deep pressures as suggested by Karkoschka and Tomasko (Karkoschka, E., Tomasko, M. [2009] Icarus).The retrieved cloud structures were also tested for different assumptions of the deep methane mole fraction, which Karkoschka and Tomasko (Karkoschka, E., Tomasko, M. [2009] Icarus) find may vary from ∼1-2% in polar regions to perhaps as much as 4% equatorwards of 45°N,S. We found that such variations did not significantly affect our conclusions. 相似文献