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1.
海洋渔业是世界上多数沿海国家的一项既传统又古老的生产活动,但是由于海洋渔业的特点和风险的特殊性,造成海洋渔业保险工作很难开展。海洋渔业在我国国民经济中一直占据重要地位,海水产品产业占渔业总比重60%,但是因海洋渔业自身特点,海洋渔业保险的风险相较于一般渔业保险风险更大。改革开放至今,我国的海洋渔业商业保险从鼎盛期萎缩到部分商业保险公司已经退出当地渔业保险市场的程度。因此,就海洋渔业互助保险发展的实际情况来看,国家政策和政府补给应该是其中坚力量,构建符合我国国情的海洋渔业互助保险制度是有效化解现存矛盾的重要手段。文章通过结合具有代表性的我国舟山市远洋渔业互助保险实施中遇到的渔民群体对部分险种的有效了解不足、海洋渔业互助保险业务因保费补贴缺位的原因导致发展规模受限、巨灾风险分散机制缺失,政策扶持力度亟须加强等实际问题,提出我国政府在完善海洋渔业互助保险方面的优化建议即加强专业人才培养、加强我国政策支持的力度和实施政策性再保险。 相似文献
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在我国,因海洋与渔业灾害导致每年损失过百亿元人民币,海洋渔业灾害破坏力强,给整个海洋经济带来巨大的损失,对我国经济社会发展和人民生命财产安全也会造成极大的危害,所以我国急需建立海洋与渔业灾害防范和救助体系。政府在海洋灾害风险防范与救助体系中作用巨大,文章主要从政府机构的视角探讨了构建我国海洋与渔业灾害风险防范体系的问题。分别从法律制度建设、保险体系构建、组织机构保障、约束激励机制和基础建设投入等方面阐述了政府机构应当采取的行动,进一步明确了现阶段我国政府机构在海洋与渔业灾害风险防范体系构建中扮演的角色和重要地位。 相似文献
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休闲渔业的发展不仅能拓展渔业发展的空间,开创新的渔业增长点,还能带动旅游等多种相关产业的发展,其对地方经济的总体效益远高于渔业本身,这在国内外休闲渔业的发展中得到了验证。本文通过对国内外休闲渔业发展的回顾以及对青岛市海洋渔业发展现状与问题的分析,反思了青岛市海洋渔业转型期休闲渔业发展的意义并提出了相关对策。休闲渔业(leisurefishing)或娱乐渔业(recreationalfish-ing)的概念涵义相对广泛,不同的国家和地区有不同的理解。狭义上说,休闲渔业指所有以娱乐或健身为目的的渔业行为,包括陆上或海上运动垂钓、休闲采集、家庭娱… 相似文献
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为促进舟山群岛新区海洋渔业经济发展水平的进一步提升,文章以绿色渔业为背景,采用PEST分析法综述舟山群岛新区海洋渔业创新发展的宏观环境和存在的问题,并提出措施建议。研究结果表明:舟山群岛新区海洋渔业创新发展具有优良的政治、经济、社会和技术环境,但存在渔业资源环境约束、渔业经营规模小、休闲渔业同质化和现代技术发展受阻等问题。未来舟山群岛新区海洋渔业创新发展应主要采取4项措施:加强海域资源环境修复,建设海洋牧场;提升海洋渔业信息化水平,建设渔业智库;深入挖掘旅游文化资源,打造特色休闲渔业综合体;推进互联网技术运用,开拓"互联网+海洋捕捞业"新模式。 相似文献
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为促进辽宁省渔业尤其是海洋渔业的可持续发展,文章综合相关统计数据,运用产业结构三轴图和灰色关联度分析方法,系统分析辽宁省渔业产业结构及其主要产业的发展情况以及6个主要产业对海洋渔业的影响程度,并提出发展建议。研究结果表明:辽宁省渔业第一产业仍占主体地位,但第二和第三产业占比逐渐提高,产业结构三角形的重心呈左旋趋势;渔业第一产业有所优化,第二产业对渔业经济发展起到支柱作用,第三产业以水产品运输业为主;海水产品加工业和运输业对海洋渔业的影响程度最高;未来辽宁省应继续科学发展海水养殖业、远洋渔业、水产品加工业、水产品运输业、休闲渔业和“互联网+渔业”,不断优化渔业产业结构。 相似文献
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海洋渔业的高风险性是海洋渔业生产的显著特点之一,是影响海洋渔业健康发展的重要因子。如何消除或减轻由海洋风险事故所带来的对渔村社会经济秩序的震荡和渔业生产发展的负效应,提高作业渔民和渔业生 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
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E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
20.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献