共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
新生代板内造山作用研究--认识中国区域地质构造基本特征的关键 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
中国区域地质构造特征深受新生代初印度板块对欧亚板块陆陆碰撞的影响 ,原属显生宙不同时代构造单元拼贴的中国区域发生了普遍而强烈的构造叠加改造 ,导致板内造山作用。由作者新编的中国主要活动断裂构造图显示 ,印度板块的碰撞对中国地质构造演化的影响远比自中生代侏罗纪以来太平洋亚洲板块会聚造成的影响更为强烈。中国帕米尔山结东、西两侧的现今大陆动力环境差别巨大 ,其东侧的东移因遇太平洋板块向西俯冲而获得上冲的自由空间。阿尔金断裂带把中国西部分划为南、北断裂构造活动性质不同的两大构造域。有人否认板内造山作用是因为他们只承认经典的板块边缘造山带的存在。要改变这一观念深入研究板内造山作用及演化 ,综合分析造山带构造地貌、山体隆升扩展、与前陆盆地的耦合、陆相沉积建造序列、冲断推覆构造系及其匹配、壳源花岗岩侵位及深部地球物理场观测等是关键。中国是研究大陆拼贴地块区板内造山作用的理想区域 ,在这一地区从事研究可大大丰富大陆动力学的内涵 ,把地质构造综合成果及对演化规律的认识作为编制大地构造图新的重要要素 ,对理论研究与实际应用都有巨大意义 相似文献
2.
以中国及欧洲大陆一些碰撞带所测得的同位素年龄为基础,讨论板块从俯冲到碰撞的过程,认为依次发生了如下事件：俯冲板块的运移速度减慢,洋壳在地表消失,开始碰撞,形成强构造变形与动力变质作用,发生一系列的岩浆活动,最后才隆升成山。这些事件都具有不同的同位素年龄。碰撞的初始作用时间,应该在所测年龄最新的洋壳消失以后,在强构造变形与动力变质作用发生之前。显然,如果只想使用任何一种地质事件的年龄来确定碰撞作用的初始作用时间都是很困难的。俯冲板块运移的初次减速很可能是由于从原来具有典型大洋岩石圈结构的板块俯冲,转变为洋陆过渡型板块俯冲所致。对于较小的、强度不大的板块来说,如中国大陆地块群,在板块碰撞与拼合之后,大陆板块仍可发生地壳转动或大幅度的位移。沿碰撞带主断层面贯入的“钉合岩体”可以是同构造期形成的,也可能是继续碰撞作用的产物。 相似文献
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板内造山作用与成矿 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
中国大陆广泛分布强烈的板内变形和造山作用,传统的板块构造理论常常将其解释为板块边缘汇聚力的远程效应。然而,中国大陆的板内造山作用与汇聚板块边界之间缺乏可预期的动力学联系,不能简单地解释为大陆碰撞或板块俯冲的远程效应。本文提出另一种可供选择的解释,认为板内变形主要取决于岩石圈不均一性。相邻的板块拼合在一起形成统一板块之后,区域地质演化进入板内阶段。板块碰撞导致的岩石圈不均一性和重力不稳定性可以触发强烈的板内变形甚至造山作用,其延迟时间的长短取决于岩石圈不稳定性的程度和地球深部的热扰动。与板缘造山带相比,板内造山作用缺少板块俯冲-碰撞过程,板内造山带的演化历史相对简单,通常是以岩石圈拆沉作用开始,以地壳的垂向增生为特征,最后以岩石圈拆沉作用结束或形成重力不稳定岩石圈。因此,板内造山作用一般沿着古造山带发育。古造山带岩石圈结构低成熟度的特点不仅是岩石圈不稳定性的主要原因之一,而且由于挥发分和含矿元素的富集在活化过程中具有很强的成矿潜力。板内造山带的成矿作用依赖于深埋在岩石圈-软流圈系统不同深度水平上含矿流体的突然释放,主要发生在造山作用初始阶段和造山后伸展阶段。 相似文献
4.
闽台地球动力学及其能态结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
台湾地处中国大陆东南边缘是菲律宾海板块凸向亚欧大陆俯冲-碰撞异常岛弧带。福建位于台湾岛弧西侧活动地块。闽台独特的构造格架、地球动力学状态和构造应力场与地震活动之间的内在关联性,使之成为研究海陆板块俯冲-碰撞效应及其对板内地震活动影响天然地区。本文主要依据近30多年以来对福建地块的地震地质背景、地壳变形观测、构造应力场、地震活动性以及地壳-上地幔结构探测、地热场等资料,结合台湾学者详细对台湾岛弧地球动力学与强震构造等研究成果,探索海陆板块俯冲-碰撞地球动力学特征及其对板内活动地块影响,进而揭示板间-板缘-板内强震活动关联性和动力学性状的异同性。试图为本区强震预测和防震减灾对策提供新思路。 相似文献
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提要：在大量综合亚洲地质、地球化学与地球物理资料的基础上,笔者新编了亚洲大地构造区划图,确定了划分原则,将亚洲大陆划分为六大构造域,以及67个板块（或地块）、碰撞带或增生碰撞带,并以此为基础进行了图件的编制。组成亚洲大陆的板块或地块主要形成于1800 Ma、800 Ma、 500 Ma 和400 Ma前后,上述时期即各地块形成统一结晶基底的时期。碰撞带或增生碰撞带形成时期较多,为800 Ma、397 Ma、345～260 Ma、200 Ma、135 Ma、52 Ma和23 Ma等,还有23 Ma以来形成俯冲带。对于资料比较充实的、古生代以后的板块运移、板内变形与碰撞带的形成过程进行了概略的讨论。本文还关注了在地块形成之后的板内变形。正是板内变形阶段,可能对成矿作用及其类型、过程与赋存部位产生重要的影响。 相似文献
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初论环准噶尔斑岩铜矿带的地质构造背景与形成机制 总被引：34，自引：17，他引：17
准噶尔地区构造-岩浆-成矿带具环准噶尔地块分布的特征,这一格局是准噶尔地区古生代大地构造演化的结果。哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块在北侧古亚洲洋与南侧南天山洋的俯冲下不断侧向增生,并形成与岩浆作用伴生的火山岩型铜铁多金属矿带、斑岩铜钼金矿带与浅成低温金矿带。哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块与西伯利亚板块和塔里木板块碰撞发生了强烈挤压-剪切变形,并导致准噶尔地块发生逆时针旋转,从而造成构造-岩浆-成矿带发生位移、呈环状分布于准噶尔地块周边。环准噶尔斑岩铜矿形成于俯冲成因的大陆岛弧、大洋岛弧与弧后盆地及后碰撞阶段板内4种构造背景,晚古生代是成矿的高峰时期。 相似文献
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压(扭)性动力学环境下动力机制转换与板内沉降坳陷形成 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国大陆自海西构造运动末期-印支构造运动初期,各主要洋盆基本碰撞关闭并褶皱成山,焊接为统一大陆板块,构成中新生代山-盆体系,形成在印度板块和太平洋板块夹持作用下,以板内构造特点发展演化的格局。板内盆地是指中国大陆在二叠纪末(或三叠纪初)大洋板块关闭,焊接为一体的大陆板块全部或基本转为陆相沉积时期的重要构造类型。中国西北区中新生代盆地形成演化进程归属汇聚板缘洋壳俯冲或碰撞构造动力远距离传递影响下的板内构造动力学和运动学作用范畴。文章通过对中国西北部中新生代盆地在压性、压扭性动力场环境中,不同类型原型盆地(或坳陷)的沉降运动轨迹和方式,及其形成、演化过程的构造及沉积层系蕴育的构造运动学过程遗迹及后期演化、改造的证据研究,探索盆-山耦合动力系统的构造运动学过程及其对构造变形体系的制约机制,以揭示中国西部盆-山耦合体系构造动力学机制及其动力转换。 相似文献
8.
大陆板内构造变形及其动力学机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
典型大陆板内变形发生在克拉通化的大陆岩石圈内部,距离同变形期活动板块构造边界数百至2000km以上。收缩变形主要表现为区域尺度的盆地构造反转、结晶基底与上覆盖层共同卷入变形的厚皮式逆冲构造,具有变形局部化特征。因为流变学分层特征不同,大陆板内变形可以发生在中上部地壳、整个地壳乃至岩石圈尺度上,表现为不同波长的地壳或岩石圈尺度纵弯弯曲。大陆岩石圈板块内部物质组成与结构的不均一性、流体活动、热作用、克拉通内盆地巨厚沉积产生的覆盖效应、地壳加厚等导致的岩石圈强度的局部降低等,是导致大陆板内变形以及应变局部化的原因。构造活化是大陆板内变形的重要方式。板块俯冲或碰撞远程效应被认为是大陆板内变形的主导动力学模型,但是放射性元素积累导致的岩石圈强度热弱化,或大陆冰川消退触发板内应力状态变化等导致大陆板内变形的动力学模型也应该引起关注。 相似文献
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从古地磁研究看中国大陆形成与演化过程 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
古地磁学是进行大陆板块或微板块(地块)运动演化过程和古地理重建的最有效手段之一。近半个世纪以来,通过中外学者艰苦卓绝的努力,在中国大陆上积累了大量的古地磁数据,为中国大陆各主要块体的起源、构造演化和碰撞拼合过程等提供了定量约束。文中根据现代古地磁数据可靠性判别标准,对扬子、华北及塔里木地块显生宙古地磁数据进行了重新分析和筛选,结合拉萨和喜马拉雅地块的古地磁数据,对中国大陆的形成和演化提出了几点认识:(1)古生代中国大陆各主要块体基本位于赤道附近的低纬度地区;早古生代扬子、华北及塔里木地块与东冈瓦纳大陆关系密切;(2)中生代是中国大陆各主要块体发生碰撞和拼合的主要时期;(3)中国大陆主要块体间的碰撞和拼合具有局部首先碰撞、相互旋转、完全拼合、陆内挤压造山和伸展反弹的特点。 相似文献
10.
中国大陆早古生代构造演化 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
中国大陆早古生代(中寒武世—早泥盆世)构造期以发生一系列各具特征、分布局限、准同时的构造事件为特征。它们与苏格兰—阿帕拉契亚的加里东事件完全不同,在中国大陆出现了西域板块完成拼合,华夏板块构成统一结晶基底,南扬子板块广泛发育板内褶皱,此时还形成了阿尔泰—额尔古纳碰撞带等重要构造事件,而以中朝和北扬子板块为代表的其他板块则主要表现为稳定沉积,地块运移,并呈离散状态。阿尔泰—额尔古纳带、西域板块、华夏板块以及南扬子板块存在板块汇聚、碰撞或地壳缩短的特征,而中朝、北扬子、羌塘、冈底斯、喜马拉雅等地块则以稳定、离散为主要特征。绝大多数板块基本上保持孤立和离散的状态,这是早古生代中国大陆各个地块构造演化特征截然不同的主要原因。 相似文献
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初论板内造山带 总被引：55，自引：10，他引：45
讨论了关于板内造山带含义的不同认识。指出板内造山带是一种特殊类型的造山带,而不是板缘造山带或板间造山带持续发展的结果。简要介绍分别发育在４ 个大陆的不同时代的板内造山带,总结板内造山带在区域大地构造位置、造山带构造格局、构造变形与变质作用、岩浆活动与沉积作用、造山带构造演化等方面与板缘造山带的差异。板内造山带形成于相对较老且强硬的岩石圈板块内部,造山带内部构造单元不具有平行于造山带走向分布的特征,即不具有线状构造格局,构造变形具有地台基底乃至整个地壳卷入的厚皮构造性质,同造山区域变质作用微弱,同造山岩浆活动、沉积作用和构造变形均无极性演化趋势。岩石圈拆沉作用（ｄｅｌａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ） 可较好地解释板内造山带的火山活动特征。尽管板块间相互作用（ 俯冲或碰撞）所产生的水平挤压应力似乎更易于阐明板内造山带的收缩变形特征;但是,板块间相互碰撞或俯冲产生的边界应力可否有效地被远程传递,尚有待进一步研究和解决。将板块间相互作用的水平应力场与岩石圈纵向物质与能量调整（ 重力、热力等） 因素作综合考虑,可能是解决板内造山带造山作用机制的有效途径 相似文献
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~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE SUTURE ZONE, LADAKH, INDIA1 TalatAhmedetal.GeochemicalJournal,1999.
2 HoneggerK ,etal.EarthandPlanetaryScienceLetters,1982 ,6 0 :2 53.
3 SearleMP ,etal.GeologicalSocietyofAmericaBulletin ,1987,98:6 78.
4 SharmaK ,K .PhysicsandChemistryoftheEarth ,1990 ,17( 2 ) :133.
5 Venkatesan ,etal.EarthandPlanetSciLett,1993,119:181.… 相似文献
14.
Anshu K.Sinha 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)
he 2500km long Indus\|Tsangpo Suture has been recognized as one of the best examples of continent to continent collisional Suture Zone. It has come into existence as a result of subduction followed by continental collision (55～60Ma) between Indian (Sinha, 1989, 1997; Sinha et al., 1999) and Eurasian plates. While considering the recent palaeogeographic reconstruction of Pangea during late Palaeozoic it appears that a southern belt of Asian microcontinents stretching from Iran and Afghanistan through southern Tibet to western Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra, comprise several continental blocks and numerous fragments that have coalesced since the Mid\|Palaeozoic along with the closure of Tethys. The origin, migration, assembly and timing of accretion of all these blocks to their present geotectonic position is not well known and there is no Permo—Triassic crust left in the present day Indian Ocean. The oldest ocean crust adjacent to the west African and Antarctic margin is of early or middle Cretaceous age (approximately 140～100Ma) (Searle, 1991). The Karakoram\|Hindukush microplate in the west and the Qiangtang\|Lhasa block in the central and eastern segment of South Asia margin are among those blocks already welded with Asian plates around 120～130Ma ago, before the collision of India (55～60Ma) with the collage of plates forming Peri\|Gondwanian microcontinents. But the reconstruction of palaeogeographic configuration remain incomplete due to paucity of authentic geologic information available from Karakoram, Pamir and Western Tibet. Prior to our discovery no early Permian plant remains and palynomorphs were ever reported from Karakoram terrane. Our discovery of Early Permian remains and late Asselian (about 280～275Ma) palynomorphs provides crucial clue regarding the palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Karakoram\|Himalayan block in the Permian time. 相似文献
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The intraplate Ancestral Rocky Mountains of western North America extend from British Columbia, Canada, to Chihuahua, Mexico, and formed during Early Carboniferous through Early Permian time in response to continent–continent collision of Laurentia with Gondwana—the conjoined masses of Africa and South America, including Yucatán and Florida. Uplifts and flanking basins also formed within the Laurentian Midcontinent. On the Gondwanan continent, well inboard from the marginal fold belts, a counterpart structural array developed during the same period. Intraplate deformation began when full collisional plate coupling had been achieved along the continental margin; the intervening ocean had been closed and subduction had ceased—that is, the distinction between upper versus lower plates became moot. Ancestral Rockies deformation was not accompanied by volcanism. Basement shear zones that formed during Mesoproterozoic rifting of Laurentia were reactivated and exerted significant control on the locations, orientations, and modes of displacement on late Paleozoic faults.Ancestral Rocky Mountain uplifts extend as far south as Chihuahua and west Texas (28° to 33°N, 102° to 109°W) and include the Florida-Moyotes, Placer de Guadalupe–Carrizalillo, Ojinaga–Tascotal and Hueco Mountain blocks, as well as the Diablo and Central Basin Platforms. All are cored with Laurentian Proterozoic crystalline basement rocks and host correlative Paleozoic stratigraphic successions. Pre-late Paleozoic deformational, thermal, and metamorphic histories are similar as well. Southern Ancestral Rocky Mountain structures terminate along a line that trends approximately N 40°E (present coordinates), a common orientation for Mesoproterozoic extensional structures throughout southern to central North America.Continuing Tien Shan intraplate deformation (Central Asia) has created an analogous array of uplifts and basins in response to the collision of India with Eurasia, beginning in late Miocene time when full coupling of the colliding plates had occurred. As in the Laurentia–Gondwana case, structures of similar magnitude and spacing to those in Eurasia have developed in the Indian plate. Within the present orogen two ancient suture zones have been reactivated—the early Paleozoic Terskey zone and the late Paleozoic Turkestan suture between the Siberian and East Gondwanan cratons. Inverted Proterozoic to early Paleozoic rift structures and passive-margin deposits are exposed north of the Terskey zone. In the Alay and Tarim complexes, Vendian to mid-Carboniferous passive-margin strata and the subjacent Proterozoic crystalline basement have been uplifted. Data on Tien Shan uplifts, basins, structural arrays, and deformation rates guide paleotectonic interpretations of ancient intraplate mountain belts. Similarly, exhumed deep crustal shear zones in the Ancestral Rockies offer insight into partitioning and reorientation of strain during contemporary intraplate deformation. 相似文献
16.
The South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions of Central Asia are located in the southwestern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The formation of South Tianshan Orogen was a diachronous,scissors-like process,which took place during the Palaeozoic,and its western segment was accepted as a site of the fnal collision between the Tarim Craton and the North Asian continent,which occurred in the late Palaeozoic.However,the post-collisional tectonic evolution of the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions remains debatable.Based on previous studies and recent geochronogical data,we suggest that the fnal collision between the Tarim Craton and the North Asian continent occurred during the late Carboniferous.Therefore,the Permian was a period of intracontinental environment in the southern Tianshan and adjacent regions.We propose that an earlier,small-scale intraplate orogenic stage occurred in late Permian to Triassic time,which was the frst intraplate process in the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions.The later largescale and well-known Neogene to Quaternary intraplate orogeny was induced by the collision between the India subcontinent and the Eurasian plate.The paper presents a new evolutionary model for the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions,which includes seven stages:(I)late Ordovicianeearly Silurian opening of the South Tianshan Ocean;(II)middle Silurianemiddle Devonian subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean beneath an active margin of the North Asian continent;(III)late Devonianelate Carboniferous closure of the South Tianshan Ocean and collision between the Kazakhstan-Yili and Tarim continental blocks;(IV)early Permian post-collisional magmatism and rifting;(V)late PermianeTriassic the frst intraplate orogeny;(VI)JurassicePalaeogene tectonic stagnation and(VII)NeoceneeQuaternary intraplate orogeny. 相似文献
17.
西秦岭礼县-太白地区金、铅锌矿床的地质地球化学 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
礼县一太白地区的金、铅锌矿床产于泥盆纪沉积盆地。它们都是沉积改造矿床,其含矿建造是中泥盆统或中上泥盆统。根据矿床的地质、地球化学特征,该地区的铅锌矿床可以分为２类,厂坝式和邓家山－八方山式矿床。金矿床可分３类,李坝式、八卦庙式和双王式矿床。厂坝式铅锌矿床产于强变质、弱变形地区,属于与变质作用有关的沉积改造型矿床。邓家山－八方山工区铅锌矿床产于强变形、弱变质地区,属于与构造动力作用有关的沉积改造型矿 相似文献
18.
Intraplate compressional features, such as inverted extensional basins, upthrust basement blocks and whole lithospheric folds, play an important role in the structural framework of many cratons. Although compressional intraplate deformation can occur in a number of dynamic settings, stresses related to collisional plate coupling appear to be responsible for the development of the most important compressional intraplate structures. These can occur at distances of up to ±1600 km from a collision front, both in the fore-arc (foreland) and back-arc (hinterland) positions with respect to the subduction system controlling the evolution of the corresponding orogen. Back-arc compression associated with island arcs and Andean-type orogens occurs during periods of increased convergence rates between the subducting and overriding plates. For the build-up of intraplate compressional stresses in fore-arc and foreland domains, four collision-related scenarios are envisaged: (1) during the initiation of a subduction zone along a passive margin or within an oceanic basin; (2) during subduction impediment caused by the arrival of more buoyant crust, such as an oceanic plateau or a microcontinent at a subduction zone; (3) during the initial collision of an orogenic wedge with a passive margin, depending on the lithospheric and crustal configuration of the latter, the presence or absence of a thick passive margin sedimentary prism, and convergence rates and directions; (4) during post-collisional over-thickening and uplift of an orogenic wedge. The build-up of collision-related compressional intraplate stresses is indicative for mechanical coupling between an orogenic wedge and its fore- and/or hinterland. Crustal-scale intraplate deformation reflects mechanical coupling at crustal levels whereas lithosphere-scale deformation indicates mechanical coupling at the level of the mantle-lithosphere, probably in response to collisional lithospheric over-thickening of the orogen, slab detachment and the development of a mantle back-stop. The intensity of collisional coupling between an orogen and its fore- and hinterland is temporally and spatially variable. This can be a function of oblique collision. However, the build-up of high pore fluid pressures in subducted sediments may also account for mechanical decoupling of an orogen and its fore- and/or hinterland. Processes governing mechanical coupling/decoupling of orogens and fore- and hinterlands are still poorly understood and require further research. Localization of collision-related compressional intraplate deformations is controlled by spatial and temporal strength variations of the lithosphere in which the thermal regime, the crustal thickness, the pattern of pre-existing crustal and mantle discontinuities, as well as sedimentary loads and their thermal blanketing effect play an important role. The stratigraphic record of collision-related intraplate compressional deformation can contribute to dating of orogenic activity affecting the respective plate margin. 相似文献