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1.
对江西省九江地震台2号观测井井水、大气降水、马尾水泉水及天花井水库水的常量化学组分、氢氧同位素及氚活度数据进行分析,讨论九江台地下水的水化学类型、成因及补给循环过程,揭示九江地震台2号井对构造活动响应灵敏的地球化学特征。研究发现九江台2号井水水化学类型为HCO3-Ca·Mg型;氢氧同位素指示九江台2号井水属于大气降水成因型,补给高程为647 m;氚活度分析给出的地下水年龄显示九江台2号井既有老水补给又有近10年的新水补给。分析结果表明,九江台2号井既有浅表水特征又有深循环水的特征,暗示两个不同补给源的含水层通过不同循环路径上升至浅表,而深部含水层可能携带部分深部构造活动的氡,并在瑞昌—阳新MS4.6地震前出现较显著的异常信息。 相似文献
2.
在地震地下流体研究中,地下水补给及循环过程是重要的研究内容之一,氢氧同位素示踪技术是目前研究该过程的常用手段。南昌地震台流体观测井自2013年8月22日投入观测以来,其基础数据未进行有效分析,通过对南昌井水样数据进行氢氧同位素及水化学实验分析,结果表明：井水主要补给源为直接大气降雨,补给前经历了一定蒸发作用;水—岩反应不充分,属于未成熟水;水样中无明显优势阳离子,Ca2+、Na+占主体,优势阴离子为HCO3－,表明井水属重碳酸型水;水源补给高程约582 m。南昌地震台流体观测井总体受大气降水影响较大。 相似文献
3.
2010—2021年对大凉山断裂带10个温泉开展采样,测定了15个水样中的常量元素和氢氧同位素,进行温泉水文地球化学特征研究,建立了温泉水文地球化学循环模型。研究结果表明：(1)δD、δ18O的测量值分别为-86.8%～-100.54%和-11.7%～-13.7%,分布于大气降水线附近,表明大凉山断裂带温泉水主要为大气降水补给,其补给高程为2.1～2.5 km;(2)温泉水化学类型主要有HCO3-Ca·Mg、SO4·HCO3-Ca·Mg、HCO3-Ca、HCO3-Na·Ca、HCO3-Na和SO4·HCO3-Ca;(3)主量元素来自碳酸盐矿物和硅酸盐矿物的水-岩反应;(4)Na-K-Mg三角图表明该区温泉水样均为未成熟水;(5)运用硅-焓模型图解法得到该区热储温度为105.9℃～203℃,冷水混入比例约为68%～86%,其循环深度为1.9～3.9 km;(6)循环深度越深,地震活动性越强。 相似文献
4.
温泉水文地球化学监测可以提供很好的地震短临前兆异常信息。通过采集云南宁洱—通关火山区8个温泉出露点的水样进行水化分析,研究了温泉水文地球化学变化与地震的关系。结果表明：(1)通关火山温泉有6种水化类型,分别是Na·Ca-HCO3、Na·Cl-HCO3、Na-HCO3、Ca-HCO3、Na·Ca-SO4·HCO3和Na·Ca-Cl·SO4型。(2)δ18O和δD值分别为12.69%～-10.80‰和-89.2%～-81.5‰,表明研究区温泉水主要补给来源是大气降水,补给高程为2.0～2.7 km。(3)温泉的热储温度在81.7℃～86.3℃,热循环深度为1.1～1.3 km,其热源主要是地热增温及岩浆热。(4) 2020年云南绿春ML4.4地震前,清平热水塘和西萨温泉的Na+、Cl-、SO42-浓度均出现不... 相似文献
5.
2021 年 6 月 21 日在云南省大理白族自治州漾濞县发生 M6.4 级地震。通过对大理地区主要断裂带温泉水化学组分每季度定期取样观测,分析该区地下水的化学类型、成因及其与地震活动的关系。测定、分析结果显示:洱源温泉属于 HCO3· SO4-Na 型水,白总旗温泉属于 HCO3· Cl-Na 型水,高芹、剑川、永胜、漕涧温泉均属于HCO3-Na 型水;温泉水氡水汞背景值高,具有一定的区域性;洱源,弥渡,剑川温泉可能受大理地区广泛分布的石炭—二叠系海相沉积灰岩影响,显示较高的 HCO3-、Ca2+含量;漾濞 6.4级地震前后区域内温泉水的 Cl-、SO42-、水汞、水氡含量有明显变化,白总旗温泉Cl-,永胜、洱源温泉SO42-以及高芹温泉水汞含量在漾濞6.4级地震前明显上升,震后含量显著下降,温泉水温和... 相似文献
6.
根据氢、 氧、 氦同位素与水化学组分资料, 讨论了甘肃东南地区温泉水的来源、 地球化学变化及其与2008年汶川MS8.0地震的关系。 测定结果表明: 样品的溶解性固体总量(TDS)范围为241.7~2 372.1 mg/L。 采集的7处温泉(通渭汤池河温泉、 清水地震台、 天水地震台、 武山地震台、 武山22号井、 成县地震台、 武都地震台)水样可归为四种化学类型: Na·Ca-SO4、 Ca·Mg-SO4、 Na-HCO3·SO4、 Ca·Mg-SO4·HCO3。 地下热水的化学类型与裂隙深度和围岩的岩性有关, 离子浓度和断裂深度基本成正相关。 通渭汤池河温泉和武都地震台的δ18O和δD值分别在-11.4‰ ~ -7.6‰和-85.7‰ ~ -57.1‰的范围内, 通渭汤池河温泉和武都地震台中3He/4He的值分别为0.4×10-7和12.7×10-7。 氢、 氧、 氦同位素组成特征表明温泉水源于大气降水, 在循环过程中经历了水岩反应, 且可能有地表水的混入。 2008年汶川MS8.0地震发生后, 研究区域内温泉水中K+、 Ca2+含量总体上升, SO2-4、 Cl-含量总体下降, Na+含量变化不明显; 热水循环深度受地震影响发生变化。 本文确定了甘肃东南地区温泉来源、 水化学类型成因及其与汶川MS8.0地震的关系。 相似文献
7.
2021年5月22日青海玛多MS7.4地震和2022年1月8日青海门源MS6.9地震引起栖霞鲁07井、枣庄鲁15井和菏泽鲁27井水位不同程度的同震响应。基于秒数据,对比分析3口井水位同震变化形态、幅度与分钟值记录的差异,并从含水层渗透性变化、地震能量密度等方面进行同震响应机理探讨。结果表明,井水位秒数据能够更加完整地记录水震波信息,更加精确展现水位同震变化形态、幅度;井水位对于远场大震的震荡形态主要受含水层水文地质条件的影响。在正常应力背景下,远场大震引起枣庄鲁15井水位同震响应的地震能量密度阈值大约是1.54×10-4 J·m-3。 相似文献
8.
根据河套盆地周缘断裂带泉水的氢、氧同位素组成和水化学组分,讨论了该区地下水的化学类型、成因及其与地震活动的关系。于2014年9月下旬和2015年4月15日MS5.8阿左旗地震震后在河套盆地周缘的乌拉山断裂带、色尔腾断裂带、狼山断裂带以及桌子山断裂带采集了17个泉水和井水样品,测得水样的TDS分布在143.8~42 553.0mg/L范围内,δD和δ18O值分别在-83.6‰~66.56‰和-11.16‰~8.2‰的范围内,来源为大气降水。根据舒卡列夫分类法,震前水样可划分为13种水化学类型,震后西山咀、圐圙朴隆等5个点采样点泉水的水化学类型发生变化。其中,乌拉山断裂带的水样以HCO3-Ca型低矿化度地表水为主;色尔腾断裂带、狼山断裂带泉水受白垩系含水层影响,矿化度较高,富含HCO-3及SO2-4;桌子山一带受煤矿开采影响,水样以富SO2-4和Cl-的高矿化度水为特征。地震前后TDS、阴、阳离子以及γNa/γCl、γ(SO4+Cl)/γHCO3、γHCO3/γCl等毫克当量比值能够较好地反映地震。2015年4月15日阿左旗MS5.8地震后,呼鲁斯太、迪延阿贵庙及八一井的水化学组成变化较大,对地震响应较为敏感。呼鲁斯太地区泉水的TDS稍有降低,但HCO-3在阴离子中所占比例有所增加,表明震后该地区含水层的泉水与较低矿化度的含碳酸盐岩含水层水发生了混合;八一井的TDS值有所增加,γNa/γCl比值有所降低,表明深部高矿化度水的混入;迪延阿贵庙水样的TDS稍有下降,但NaCl的相对含量较震前有所升高,表明有低矿化度NaCl水的混入。本工作不仅确定了该区水文地球化学背景,而且对地震监测和预测具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
9.
在位于依兰—伊通断裂北段的4个地震流体观测站及其附近地区采集了19个水样,对水样的水化学组分及氢氧同位素组成进行分析,对该地区地下水类型及成因等地球化学特征进行了研究。结果表明：（1）取样点水温变化为8.5℃～23.4℃,水样的矿化度为32～568 mg/L,全部为低矿化度水;（2）水样分为10种化学类型,水-岩反应均未达到完全平衡;通河台井水属于部分平衡水,具有深部来源特征;（3）δD和δ18O值的分别为-100.24‰～-65.46‰和-13.47‰～-8.53‰,表明所测水样的补给源主要为大气降水。 相似文献
10.
根据六盘山地区泉水的化学组成和氢、 氧同位素数据, 讨论了该区地下水的化学类型、 成因及其动态变化特征。 2012年11月和2014年7月在六盘山地区采集10处泉水样品, 氢氧同位素由液态水同位素分析仪测定, 离子组分浓度由离子色谱和化学滴定法测定。 水样的TDS范围为218~27508 mg/L, δ18O和δD值分别为-12.0‰~ -8.5‰, -88.5‰ ~-61.3‰。 δ18O和δD指示该区泉水来源于大气降水, 并受水循环条件及水岩反应程度的影响。 根据舒卡列夫分类法, 所采水样可划分为10种水化学类型, 受含水层岩性控制, 宁南地区的水化类型主要为SO4-Na型, 渭北西部地区的水化类型主要为HCO3-Ca·Mg型。 两次所采水样的离子浓度显示多数水样点的HCO-3具有夏高冬低的季节性变化特征, 千川村(QC)、 双井村(SJ)等因含水层赋存环境较封闭, 受降水干扰小; 硝口村(XKH)泉水的离子毫克当量比值变幅最大, 说明该泉点水岩反应程度变化较大, 易受断层带活动的影响。 研究结果确定了六盘山地区水文地球化学背景和水的来源, 为该区流体地球化学地震监测、 预测提供了背景资料。 相似文献
11.
Water chemical data from the Botucatu Sandstone aquifer in the São Paulo State part of the Paraná Basin, Brazil, was evaluated using geochemical methods and two statistical analyses: cluster analysis and factor analysis. The results were used to develop a conceptual geochemical model, in which three geochemical regions were identified, and their chemical behavior was modeled. The characteristic chemicals, changing from the recharge area to the center of the basin, are: SiO2—(HCO3− and Ca2+)—(Na+, CO32−, and SO42−). The distribution of the chemicals is interpreted as controlled by different water–rock interaction processes in the different regions. In the recharge area, dissolution of alkali–feldspar minerals in the sandstone is the main reaction observed; in the mid-section of the basin, calcite dissolution results in high calcium and bicarbonate concentration; in the center of the basin, leakage from underlying layers becomes the governing factor. 相似文献
12.
In Belgium, IWVA uses managed aquifer recharge (MAR) to recharge the aquifer with treated wastewater generated from the communities to sustain the potable water supply on the Belgian coast. This MAR facility is faced with a challenge of reduced infiltration rates during the winter season when pond water temperatures near 4°C. This study involves the identification of the predominant factor influencing the rate of infiltration through the pond bed. Several factors, including pumping rates, natural recharge, tidal influences of the North Sea and pond-water temperature, were identified as potential causes for variation of the recharge rate. Correlation statistics and linear regression analysis were used to determine the sensitivity of the infiltration rate to the aforementioned factors. Two groundwater flow models were developed in visual MODFLOW to simulate the water movement under the pond bed and to obtain the differences in flux to track the effects of variation of hydraulic conductivity during the two seasons. A 32% reduction in vertical hydraulic gradient in the top portion of the aquifer was observed in winter, causing the recharge rates to fluctuate. Results showed that water temperature caused a 30% increase in hydraulic conductivity in summer as compared with winter and has the maximum impact on infiltration rate. Cyclic variations in water viscosity, occurring because of seasonal temperature changes, influence the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the pond bed. Results from the models confirm the impact on infiltration rate by temperature-influenced hydraulic conductivity. 相似文献
13.
Spatio-temporal analysis of potential aquifer recharge: Application to the Basin of Mexico 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Regional estimates of aquifer recharge are needed in data-scarce regions such as the Basin of Mexico, where nearly 20 million people are located and where the Basin’s aquifer system represents the main water source. In order to develop the spatio-temporal estimates of aquifer recharge and to analyze to what extent urban growth has affected aquifer recharge, this work presents a daily soil water balance which uses different vegetation and soil types as well as the effect of topography on climatological variables and evapotranspiration. The soil water balance was applied on a daily time step in the Basin of Mexico for the period 1975–1986, obtaining an annually-lumped potential recharge flow of 10.9–23.8 m3/s (35.9–78.1 mm) in the entire Basin, while the monthly values for the year with the largest lumped recharge value (1981 = 78.1 mm) range from 1 m3/s (0.3 mm) in December to 87.9 m3/s (23.7 mm) in June. As aquifer recharge in the Basin mainly occurs by subsurface flow from its enclosing mountains as Mountain Block Recharge, urban growth has had a minimal impact on aquifer recharge, although it has diminished recharge in the alluvial plain. 相似文献
14.
C. M. Schmidt A. T. Fisher A. Racz C. G. Wheat M. Los Huertos B. Lockwood 《水文研究》2012,26(15):2235-2247
Artificial recharge of groundwater is an increasingly important method for augmenting groundwater supply and can have a positive or negative influence on the quality of water resources. We instrumented a managed aquifer recharge (MAR) pond in central coastal California to assess how patterns of infiltration and recharge affect the load of nitrate delivered to the underlying aquifer. The concentration of nitrate in infiltrating water consistently decreased during passage through the first metre of subsurface soils. Enrichment of 18O and 15 N in the residual nitrate in infiltrating water proceeded in a ratio of 1:2, indicating that denitrification plays a significant role in the quantitative reduction of nutrients exported during infiltration through shallow soils. The extent and rate of nitrate removal was spatially and temporally variable across the bottom of the recharge pond, with 30% to 60% of the nitrate load being removed over the first 6 weeks of managed aquifer recharge operation. During the period of highest N loading to the system, when the average infiltration rate was > 1 m/day, the recharge pond achieved a load reduction efficiency of 7 kg NO3?‐N/day/ha, which compares favourably to nitrate load reductions achieved by treatment wetlands. Groundwater mounding and water composition below the recharge pond suggest that recharge and subsequent lateral transport occur heterogeneously in the underlying aquifer. Nitrate concentrations in the aquifer following infiltration were lowered primarily by dilution, with little evidence for additional denitrification occurring in the aquifer in comparison to high rates documented during shallow infiltration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
选取乾陵地震台2018—2020年钻孔体应变观测资料,进行完整性、年零漂和观测资料精度分析,通过采样调和分析,评价观测数据质量,并对自然环境变化、仪器系统故障和人为干扰对观测数据的影响进行分析,探讨该台钻孔体应变观测映震能力,认为： ①乾陵地震台体应变测项运行良好,观测数据质量较高; ②降雨、气压是影响体应变观测数据的主要干扰因素; ③体应变对全球7级以上、中国6级以上地震同震响应较明显,震级越大,同震响应持续时间越长。 相似文献
16.
A conceptual model of eolian transport is proposed to address the widely distributed, high concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr+6 ) observed in ground water in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Concentrations (30 to more than 1000 μg/L Cr+6 ) extend over thousands of square kilometers of ground water systems. It is hypothesized that the Cr is derived from weathering of chromium-rich pyroxenes and olivines present in ophiolite sequence of the adjacent Oman (Hajar) Mountains. Cr+3 in the minerals is oxidized to Cr+6 by reduction of manganese and is subsequently sorbed on iron and manganese oxide coatings of particles. When the surfaces of these particles are abraded in this arid environment, they release fine, micrometer-sized, coated particles that are easily transported over large distances by wind and subsequently deposited on the surface. During ground water recharge events, the readily soluble Cr+6 is mobilized by rain water and transported by advective flow into the underlying aquifer. Chromium analyses of ground water, rain, dust, and surface (soil) deposits are consistent with this model, as are electron probe analyses of clasts derived from the eroding Oman ophiolite sequence. Ground water recharge flux is proposed to exercise some control over Cr+6 concentration in the aquifer. 相似文献
17.
通过测试辽宁省15个地震监测站泉水或井水的氢、氧同位素组成及主要离子组分含量,讨论了泉水或井水的化学类型及其成因.测得泉水或井水的δD和δ~(18)O值范围分别为-82.5‰--54.4‰和-11.4‰—-7.3‰,表明所测泉水和井水的主要来源为大气降水.研究区低温泉水为低矿化度的Ca-SO_4·HCO_3型或Ca-HCO_3·SO_4型;而较高温度的花岗岩裂隙水中溶解了较多的钠硅酸盐矿物,水化学类型主要为Na-HCO_3·SO_4型;碳酸盐岩及含砾砂岩含水层分别分布于辽宁省西部及中部地区,水温略低于高温花岗岩裂隙水,水化学类型为Na·Ca-HCO_3型.水中F~-含量较高,且F~-含量与温度、pH值、Na~+和HCO_3~-的浓度呈正相关,表明泉水或井水的化学类型是深部富CO_2流体及大气降水与花岗岩反应的结果. 相似文献
18.
In eastern England the Chalk aquifer is covered by extensive Pleistocene deposits which influence the hydraulic conditions and hydrochemical nature of the underlying aquifer. In this study, the results of geophysical borehole logging of groundwater temperature and electrical conductivity and depth sampling for major ion concentrations and stable isotope compositions (δ18O and δ2H) are interpreted to reveal the extent and nature of the effective Chalk aquifer of north Norfolk. It is found that the Chalk aquifer can be divided into an upper region of fresh groundwater, with a Cl concentration of typically less than 100 mg l−1, and a lower region of increasingly saline water. The transition between the two regions is approximately 50 m below sea-level, and results in an effective aquifer thickness of 50–60 m in the west of the area, but less than 25 m where the Eocene London Clay boundary is met in the east of the area. Hydrochemical variations in the effective aquifer are related to different hydraulic conditions developed in the Chalk. Where the Chalk is confined by low-permeability Chalky Boulder Clay, isotopically depleted groundwater (δ18O less than −7.5‰) is present, in contrast to those areas of unconfined Chalk where glacial deposits are thin or absent (δ18O about −7.0‰). The isotopically depleted groundwater is evidence for groundwater recharge during the late Pleistocene under conditions when mean surface air temperatures are estimated to have been 4.5°C cooler than at the present day, and suggests long groundwater residence times in the confined aquifer. Elevated molar Mg:Ca ratios of more than 0.2 resulting from progressive rock-water interaction in the confined aquifer also indicate long residence times. A conceptual hydrochemical model for the present situation proposes that isotopically depleted groundwater, occupying areas where confined groundwater dates from the late Pleistocene, is being slowly modified by both diffusion and downward infiltration of modem meteoric water and diffusive mixing from below with an old saline water body. 相似文献