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以地理信息系统（ＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍ，简称ＧＩＳ）支撑的城市建设信息系统是近年来迅速发展的一项计算机应用技术，它的建立能帮助改造各级领导和专业部门及时全面地了解，掌握有关城市建设的各种信息；协调城市市睡各部门的业务活动，加强政府部门在建设方面决策的科学化，使城市建设和管理瞄准世界先进水平。 相似文献
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基于知识推理的节水型城市评估系统 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对专家系统和地理信息系统之间的有效集成与综合应用进行研究,以节水型城市建设、申请及考核的相关指标为例,建立基于专家系统开发工具CLIPS的节水型城市评价知识库,进而以跨平台的Qt/C++为编程语言,实现专家知识库系统和基于ArcEngine组件的地理信息系统集成,完成基于知识推理的节水型城市评估系统原型机.以甘肃张掖为例,演示了专家系统和地理信息系统集成在水资源管理领域的应用,显示出地理信息系统与专家系统的集成可作为解决非结构化、不确定的地学问题的有效手段,具有广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
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探讨了城市泥石流风险评价的系统方法,该方法包括泥石流扇形地危险区划、城市易损性分析和城市泥石流风险评价三个主要内容。泥石流堆积扇危险区划是基于数值模拟计算出的泥深和流速分布图进行叠合完成的。以美国高分辨率的“快鸟”卫星影像为数据源,完成了研究区的城市土地覆盖类型遥感解译,在此基础上完成了城市泥石流易损性分析,应用地理信息系统提供的统计和分析工具,完成了研究区泥石流风险评价。该风险区划图可用于指导对泥石流易泛区的不同风险地带的土地利用进行规划和决策,从而达到规避和减轻灾害的目的,也为生活在泥石流危险区的城市居民提供有关灾害风险信息,以作避难和灾害防治的依据。 相似文献
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城市地质是研究各种地质因素对城市环境影响并作出评价的综合应用学科,这门学科能为城市规划、建设决策提供科学的依据,为城市建设项目合理选址、优化布局、科学设计等各项工程前期进行地质条件的评价提供基础资料。因此,城市地质工作是城市建设和发展必不可少的前期工作。笔者参与了娄底市1/50 000城市地质调研工作,其 相似文献
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GIS的社会化及公众GIS 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
GIS(地理信息系统 )的发展继专业化和行业化阶段之后 ,正处于社会化发展阶段。在该阶段 ,GIS的主要作用是为公众提供信息服务。文章在分析了GIS的这种发展趋势的基础上提出了“公众GIS”的概念 ,即 :直接面向公众 ,为公众提供信息服务和辅助公众进行行为决策的地理信息系统。与传统GIS相比 ,公众GIS更具有信息服务业的特点。公众GIS的建设应该突出信息的全面性、现势性和准确性、系统的友好性以及数据的易维护性等原则。公众GIS的关键技术包括数据采集、网络、数据库、多媒体以及系统的友好性设计等技术。公众GIS在建设全国城市公众信息服务网、全国交通旅游信息网以及汽车导航信息系统等方面具有广阔的应用前景。文章对公众GIS的实例———“今日武汉”公众查询系统作了简要介绍。 相似文献
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GIS在地下水研究中的应用进展 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
地理信息系统在水资源研究中的应用是水资源管理研究的一个热点。论文就基于GIS的地下水模拟评价、地下水环境评价、水源地保护、流域地表、地下水联合调度、决策支持及专家系统等方面,介绍了国内外关于地理信息系统在地下水研究方面的应用现状,对今后GIS在地下水的应用研究进行展望。 相似文献
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将GIS与环境科学相结合，运用ARC／INFO中的缓冲区分析，圈层叠绘，叠置分析等技术方法，实现了地理信息系统在城市环境分析中的应用。对长春市水体污染源进行了分析评价，得出潜水重点污染源10处，河流重点污染源8处，并分析其形成原因，提出建议，取得了较好的效果。 相似文献
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讨论了ArcView GIS运用于城市安全防范地理信息系统中的设计与开发、VB,C和Avenue协作编程技术问题. 相似文献
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城市地质图的特点编图原则方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
论述了城市地质图的主要特点、编图原则和方法, 其主要内容概括如下: (1)编制城市地质图的重要意义首先在于为不断完善和适应城市建设和发展的需要, 更好地使地质工作为城市建设总体规划和政府决策服务, 同时为具体工程设计和施工提供基础资料。其次为合理地开发利用城市土地资源、保护城市地质环境提供科学依据。(2)城市地质图是一个具有以专业地质规划目标与工程地质要求、城市发展总体效益评估为内容的系列图件, 是一个分别具有适应于地质专业人员、城市规划设计工程师和政府决策管理官员需要的多功能特点的系统性图件。(3)城市地质图编制原则, 第一在于客观性; 第二为评价性; 第三为预测性; 第四为实用性。前三项是前提和基础, 后者为目的。力求做到内容准确、明晰可读、易懂, 紧紧围绕城市规划设计和政府决策对地质技术的要求进行。(4)城市地质图包容了基础地质图类、分析评价图类、效益决策评估类三个等级的功能各异的图件, 在制图方法和程式上体现了图件的等级内容性质用途的统一、技术性与管理决策的统一。 相似文献
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A geo-environmental evaluation for urban land-use planning often requires a large amount of spatial information. Geographic information systems (GIS) are capable of managing large amounts of spatially related information, providing the ability to integrate multiple layers of information and to derive additional information. A GIS-aid to the geo-environmental evaluation for urban land-use planning is illustrated for the urban area of Lanzhou City and its vicinity in Northwest China. This evaluation incorporates topography, surficial and bedrock geology, groundwater conditions, and historic geologic hazards. Urban land-use is categorized according to the types of land-use and projects planned, such as high-rise building, multi-storey building, low-rise building, waste disposal, and natural conservation. Multi-criteria analysis is performed to evaluate development suitability of the geo-environment for each category, according to appropriately measured and weighted factors. A suitability map for each category is developed using an algorithm that combines factors in weighted linear combinations. It is demonstrated that the GIS methodology has high functionality for geo-environmental assessment. 相似文献
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《Geoforum》2017
This research examines urban sculpture production to understand how a public art (called “urban sculpture” in China) scene is produced in the country, using Shanghai as a case study. Theories of Chinese urban planning are innovatively applied. The findings generate theoretical implications for “contextualizing” public art production in geographical studies. All the chief officials in charge of urban sculpture planning in Shanghai were interviewed, and documentary analyses were conducted. The article argues that urban sculptures are conceived of as both symbolic capitals and didactic tools in the cultural policies of Shanghai. Urban sculpture planning plays an important role in coordinating and manipulating development of symbolic resources to advance urban entrepreneurialism within the ideological framework of the Communist Party’s leadership. The main features of the urban sculpture planning system of China are twofold: (1) The two-tier planning structure combines a master plan at the municipal level and detailed plans for site analysis and design guidance at the district level, all collaboratively working to create an attractive city image for urban entrepreneurialism. (2) An authoritarian style of planning system controls the contents and expression of urban sculpture within the ideological framework of urban sculpture planning. 相似文献
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城市GIS地名定位工具的设计及应用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了满足城市GIS中高效查询、规划设计、应急处理及社会化服务的应用需求, 采用地名数据库、管理及搜索引擎、维护及搜索工具三层架构, 设计和实现了一个通用的城市GIS地名定位工具.该定位工具兼顾点状要素和区域范围, 提供建库、维护、搜索、移图等功能, 支持快速模糊匹配.结果表明: 城市地名数据库便于建立和更新, 不仅使UGIS系统能快速将关注区域移动到指定地点, 还是一种要素类的表达方式, 可以为高级的查询和分析提供数据基础. 相似文献
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The analysis of the history of the management and distribution of electricity, water and sanitation networks in Santiago de Chile throws light on a problem which is central to thinking on the relationship between urban services management and territorial splintering: what is the impact of urban policy, in particular housing policy and urban planning, on access to services and on the potential levels of social segregation and institutional splintering of metropolises?The Chilean example is eminently anchored in its political and institutional history. We shall see, for example, that the authoritarian urban policy of the military government, associated with early liberal reform, enabled the improvement of access to networks in every municipality of the Greater Santiago area. However, this success, leading to the integration by urban services of a large territory, does not signify that networks remained neutral as regards the process of spatial segregation. Inversely, we can defend the theory that the presence of an integrated service was a necessary condition and a reinforcing factor of the process of urban spread and residential segregation. This paradoxical argument is a result of the ambivalent liberal network and urban policies of the military government. Urban expansion was largely sustained by the development of integrated infrastructures and universal services. The processes of liberalising land and urban services were mutually sustaining and provided the necessary conditions for the birth of an extremely intense movement of urban sprawl and segregation between 1985 and 2000. 相似文献
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海绵城市建设下城市地质调查工作方向与支撑作用——以徐州市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海绵城市——低影响开发雨水系统构建是一种新型的城市建设理念,是基于城市雨洪管理的一种可持续的城市建设模式,已被认为是破解水生态与城市发展失衡的最佳方式。在此背景下,城市地质调查工作需转型发展,应围绕海绵城市建设规划目标及低影响设施建设可能面临的地质问题,开展相应的调查工作。本文在分析海绵城市建设途径的基础上,提出了城市地质调查工作的发展方向,并以徐州城市地质调查工作为例,阐述了城市地质调查工作在海绵城市建设中的支撑作用。 相似文献
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Urban geochemistry is a unique discipline that is distinguished from general geochemistry by the complex infrastructure and intense human activities associated with concentrated population centers. As stated by Thornton (1991) “This subject is concerned with the complex interactions and relationships between chemical elements and their compounds in the urban environment, the influence of past and present human and industrial activities on these, and the impacts or effects of geochemical parameters in urban areas on plant, animal and human health.” Urban areas present special challenges to geochemists attempting to understand geochemical states and fluxes. On the 5–6 of August, 2014, the first meeting of the reorganized Urban Geochemistry Working Group of the International Association of GeoChemistry (IAGC) was held in Columbus, Ohio, United States. Two goals of the meeting were to develop the overall scope, and a general definition of urban geochemistry. Five grand themes were developed: 1) recognizing the urban geochemical signature; 2) recognizing the legacy of altered hydrologic and geochemical cycles in urban environments; 3) measuring the urban geochemical signature; 4) understanding the urban influence on geochemical cycles from the continuous development and erosion of physical infrastructure and episodic perturbations; and 5) relating urban geochemistry to human and environmental health and policy. After synthesizing the discussion of these themes we offer the following perspective on the science of urban geochemistry building on the work of Thornton (1991): Urban geochemistry as a scientific discipline provides valuable information on the chemical composition of environments that support large populations and are critical to human health and well-being. Research into urban geochemistry seeks to 1) elucidate and quantify the sources, transport, transformations, and fate of chemicals in the urban environment, 2) recognize the spatial and temporal (including legacies) variability in these processes, and 3) integrate urban studies into global perspectives on climate change, biogeochemical cycles, and human and ecosystem health. We hope that this discussion will encourage other geochemists to engage in challenges unique to urban systems, as well as provide a framework for the future of urban geochemistry research. 相似文献
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城市环境地球化学研究综述 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
近年来地球科学越来越多地面向城市,城市环境受到人类活动的广泛影响,自然及人类活动引起的城市地球化学问题日益受到人们的重视。城市环境地球化学是应用地球化学的原理和方法研究城市生态环境问题,主要研究城市土壤、沉积物、尘埃、地表水、地下水、生物、空气等介质中化学元素及同位素的分布、演化、环境作用及健康效应,重点解决城市地球化学环境质量变化的原理及由此产生的生态环境效应及人体健康效应。城市环境地球化学的主要研究对象是传统工业城市、典型矿业城市及国际化的大都市。在城市地球化学概念出现之后短短的10余年时间内,很多国家开展了城市环境地球化学调查和研究工作,取得了重要的成果和进展,并发展成为环境地球化学与城市环境的重要方向,但仍存在着一定的问题,需要深入研究。目前,城市环境系统的地球化学填图、城市地球化学与环境污染研究、城市地球化学与生态风险研究、城市地球化学与人体健康研究、城市地球化学系统的调控与环境规划等领域是国际城市环境地球化学的热点和前沿。 相似文献
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E. Sokari-George Dr. 《GeoJournal》1990,22(1):93-98
Conclusion Urban and rural development arek inextricably related, that regional planning can play important roles as catalyst for agriculture
and rural development; and that a system of growth centres and/or agropolitan policy which can be important in achieving economic
growth with social equity, will be far more influential. Again if the National Planning Authority, Regional Planning Agency
and the policy of growth centre in the rural areas of the recommended regions is pursued, it will not only increase agricultural
productivity or a path to agricultural transformation for deleterious effects of migration to corporate farming but also could,
over time help to reduce the pressure on the urban areas by providing counter-magnets to migration and we envisage, will bring
about a national regional planning budget which should be operated on yearly basis. 相似文献
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我国城市游憩空间研究现状与重点发展领域 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
首先从城市游憩空间的类型、结构、演化、评价、规划设计与游憩行为特征等方面分析了我国目前的研究现状并进行了评述，指出了其中存在的各种问题。在此基础上针对我国城市游憩空间研究面临的机遇与挑战，提出了今后应重点研究的若干方向和领域。 相似文献