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1.
长江口水沙入海通量的观测与分析   总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31  
在长江口用声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)进行走航式断面观测,结果表明,采集水样获取的悬沙浓度与ADCP记录的声学信号(后向散射强度)之间存在显著相关关系,因此可据ADCP声学数据获得沿观测断面的高时空分辨率的悬沙浓度剖面。分析结果表明.在徐六泾附近断面以往复流占优势.大潮期间单位时间最大水、悬沙通量值出现于涨潮期.落潮历时较长.落潮期水、悬沙通量分别大于涨潮期水、悬沙通量,净通量向海。长江口南槽拦门沙外侧主要为旋转流.涨潮期间内的水、悬沙通量均分别大于落潮期间的水、悬沙通量。2003年11月12日的观测结果表明.潮周期内通过徐六泾断面向海输运的水与悬沙通量分别为10^9m^3和10^8kg量级:径流量与悬沙输运率分别为10^4m^3/s和10^3kg/s量级。1998年以来徐六泾ADCP流量观测数据与同时间的大通径流量之间存在着显著的相关关系.故可由大通径流量估算徐六泾径流量。作为长江人海径流量.以作为历史资料整编的一种手段。结果表明,长江人海年径流总量略大于大通年径流总量:而在枯水期间人海径流量小于大通径流量。  相似文献   

2.
ADCP在长江口悬沙输运观测中的应用   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
声学多普勒流速剖面仪 (ADCP)是近年来发展起来的一种用于测量流速的声学仪器 ,同时还可以通过建立回声强度和现场取得水样的回归关系式而获得悬沙浓度的数据。本文利用在长江口两个站位的高频观测数据 ,对现场取得的悬沙作粒度分析 ,在此基础上对枯季长江口地区悬沙输送机制和悬沙粒度对水动力的响应进行了分析和探讨。结果表明 :平均流输运在整个悬沙输送中占主导地位 ,同时潮扩散和垂向扩散作用也是引起两站悬沙输运的重要因子 ;不同层次和不同时刻的悬沙粒度参数的变化 ,既和海 陆转换有关 ,也和潮相变化密切相关。  相似文献   

3.
包兰铁路沙坡头段防护体系内的风沙沉降规律   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对沙坡头铁路防护体系内的风沙沉降进行了断面观测,据此分析了沉降速率、粒度组成和物源的时空变化规律。结果显示:防护体系前沿流沙区、防护距离50~300 m的植被区和300 m以外的植被区风沙沉降速率分别为108.6、17.1 kg·m-2·a-1和1.5 kg·m-2·a-1。随防护距离增大,沉降颗粒逐渐变细,分选变差,跃移组分含量逐渐减少而悬移组分含量逐渐增大,沉降来源逐渐由前沿流沙区近地面风沙运动颗粒转变为以大气降尘为主的悬移颗粒。年内风沙沉降的高峰期为3-5月,6-8月沉降减弱,9月至次年2月风沙沉降最弱,3个阶段内防护体系植被区月均沉降量分别为0.59、0.10 kg·m-2和0.04 kg·m-2。3-5月风沙沉降以上风向邻近区域的风蚀起沙为主,6-8月较远源的大气降尘相对增加而上风向邻近区域的风蚀起沙相对减少,9月至次年2月风沙沉降物源以大气降尘为主。  相似文献   

4.
P343.52006021064长江口水沙入海通量的观测与分析=Measurements andanalysis of water discharges and suspended sedi ment fluxes inChangjiang Estuary/汪亚平,潘少明…∥地理学报.—2006,61(1).—35~46在长江口用声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)进行走航式断面观测,结果表明,采集水样获取的悬沙浓度与ADCP记录的声学信号(后向散射强度)之间存在显著相关关系,因此可据ADCP声学数据获得沿观测断面的高时空分辨率的悬沙浓度剖面.分析结果表明,在徐六泾附近断面以往复流占优势,大潮期间单位时间最大水、悬沙通量值出现于涨潮期,落潮历时…  相似文献   

5.
李强 《中国沙漠》2023,(6):220-228
酒额铁路(酒泉至额济纳旗铁路)酒泉至东风段沿线冲洪积戈壁广布,沙源丰富,风沙危害严重。为实现铁路风沙危害的精准防治,对酒额铁路酒泉至东风段沿线风沙环境进行了监测分析。结果表明:(1)酒额铁路酒泉至东风段以戈壁风沙路基为主,起沙风向以NW、W、NNW和WNW为主,存在偏东风起沙风向(ENE、E和NE),年起沙风频率5.58%~18.44%;(2)沿线输沙势31.4~176.2VU,均为低风能环境、中比率风况。从金塔至额济纳旗方向输沙势依次增大,且输沙势集中于春季;(3)根据2021年8月至2022年5月一个风季的观测,酒额铁路酒泉至东风段沿线输沙量1.3~3.5 m3·m-1。根据铁路走向,主害风输沙量(偏西风)0.9~2.4 m3·m-1,次害风输沙量(偏东风)0.5~1.5 m3·m-1。  相似文献   

6.
金玉凤  胡智强  仝川 《湿地科学》2012,10(2):228-234
利用"静态箱-悬浮箱-气相色谱法",分别在小潮日(2010年4月4~5日和9月2~3日)和大潮日(2010年4月14~15日和9月9~10日),在闽江口鳝鱼滩湿地的中高潮滩过渡区短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)+芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽中,取样并测定了该沼泽24h的甲烷排放通量,并同步对潮水水位、温度等环境因子进行了观测。研究结果表明,不论大、小潮日,总体上,沼泽是甲烷排放源,白天的甲烷排放通量大于夜间;4月、9月的2个小潮日的甲烷排放通量分别为4.43mg/(m2·h)和8.13mg/(m2·h),2个大潮日的甲烷排放通量分别为1.39mg/(m2·h)和3.25mg/(m2·h),小潮日甲烷排放通量明显大于大潮日;大潮日,涨落潮阶段的沼泽水-气界面甲烷排放通量低于非涨落潮阶段;温度和潮水水位是控制甲烷排放通量日变化的重要环境因子。  相似文献   

7.
塔里木河干流区天然植被的空间分布及生态需水   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
白元  徐海量  凌红波  王希义 《中国沙漠》2014,34(5):1410-1416
塔里木河流域荒漠河岸林具有重要的生态、经济和社会效益。本文以塔里木河干流的荒漠河岸林系统为对象,借助于卫星遥感、GIS等技术,研究塔里木河干流区各河段天然植被分布特征,应用缓冲区梯度分析方法对林地分布结构和生态需水进行分析。结果表明: (1)塔里木河干流区天然植被面积为146.1×104 hm2,占研究区总面积的35.18%;北岸天然植被面积较南岸多46.34×104 hm2。(2)塔里木河干流区荒漠河岸林分布随距离河道的增加呈波动下降趋势。在影响保护带、基本保护带和重点保护带下,天然植被保护范围分别为4.7~30.1 km、2.2~24.2 km和0.8~12.3 km。(3) 塔里木河干流区天然植被总的生态需水量为21.932×108 m3,在重点保护带、基本保护带和影响保护带下,生态需水量分别为9.56×108 m3、14.97×108 m3和19.08×108 m3。根据荒漠河岸林的分布特征和保护目标,对塔里木河干流用水作统一规划和协调是符合实际的生态治理措施。  相似文献   

8.
长江中游马口-田家镇河段40 年来河道演变   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
运用地理信息系统(GIS) 与数字高程模型(DEM) 分析了马口-田家镇河段1963 年、1972 年与2002 年河道地形数据, 较为系统地研究了该河段过去40 年冲淤时空变化。研究结 果认为, 1972 年与1963 相比冲刷量达到789.9 hm3, 冲刷面积为39.7×104 m2; 2002 年与1963 年相比冲刷量达到1196.5 hm3, 冲刷面积为59.4×104 m2; 2002 年与1972 年相比冲刷量 达到960 hm3, 冲刷面积为54.3×104 m2。由以上结果认为, 马口-田家镇河段近40 年来以冲刷为主; 河道冲淤变化以马口卡口与田家镇卡口等窄深河段最为剧烈, 宽浅河段与顺直河 段冲淤变化较为和缓, 冲淤变化幅度不大; 卡口上、下端以淤积过程为主, 而卡口顶冲水流的顶弯部位以冲刷过程为主。研究河段冲淤变化受上游来水来沙条件影响很大, 对未来三峡工程建成后, 三峡大坝下游来水来沙以及研究河段冲淤变化的影响研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

9.
内陆季节性湖盆是干旱区重要的粉尘来源地,其沙尘的排放会通过一系列的陆地-大气相互作用对区域气候及生态环境产生重大影响。以青土湖、南湖和红沙岗为研究对象,利用BSNE型沙尘仪采集沙尘物质,探讨不同地区沙尘水平通量和粒度特征。结果表明:5个测点平均沙尘水平通量表现为青土湖北(612.1 kg·m-2·a-1)>青土湖南(84.6kg·m-2·a-1)>青土湖东(35.2 kg·m-2·a-1)>红沙岗(11.0 kg·m-2·a-1)>南湖(10.7 kg·m-2·a-1),随着高度增加,青土湖北和青土湖东沙尘水平通量快速降低,青土湖南和红沙岗的下降速度分别在0.5 m和1 m高度以上放缓,南湖先降后增;沙尘颗粒物主要为粉沙和极细沙,其次为细沙和黏土,除青土湖南外,其余测点随着高度的增加呈粉沙含量递增、细沙含量递减、平均粒径变细的趋势;5个测点总体表...  相似文献   

10.
40年来长江九江河段河道演变及其趋势预测   总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4  
利用地理信息系统(GIS)与数字高程模型(DEM)技术定量模拟40年来九江河段冲淤演变过程,结果表明: 1963~1972年总体表现为淤积,淤积量为6.505 hm3,平均淤积速率为0.65 hm3/a。1972~2002年总体表现为冲刷,冲刷量为20.720 hm3,平均年冲刷率为1.036 hm3/a。1963~2002年九江河床总体表现为冲刷,冲刷量为14.977 hm3。2003年与1963年比较,河床淤积区域主要分布在九江河道上段近南岸区域,中下段河道的中间区域;冲刷区域主要分布在九江河道上段的中间及近北岸区域,中下段河道两岸的近岸区域。中下段南岸的不断刷深和南偏对九江的防洪带来更大的压力。  相似文献   

11.
This study documents two different modes of berm development: (1) vertical growth at spring tides or following significant beach cut due to substantial swash overtopping, and (2) horizontal progradation at neap tides through the formation of a proto-berm located lower and further seaward of the principal berm. Concurrent high-frequency measurements of bed elevation and the associated wave runup distribution reveal the details of each of these berm growth modes. In mode 1 sediment is eroded from the inner surf and lower swash zone where swash interactions are prevalent. The net transport of this sediment is landward only, resulting in accretion onto the upper beach face and over the berm crest. The final outcome is a steepening of the beach face gradient, a change in the profile shape towards concave and rapid vertical and horizontal growth of the berm. In mode 2 sediment is eroded from the lower two-thirds of the active swash zone during the rising tide and is transported both landward and seaward. On the falling tide sediment is eroded from the inner surf and transported landward to backfill the zone eroded on the rising tide. The net result is relatively slow steepening of the beach face, a change of the profile shape towards convex, and horizontal progradation through the formation of a neap berm. The primary factor determining which mode of berm growth occurs is the presence or absence of swash overtopping at the time of sediment accumulation on the beach face. This depends on the current phase of the spring-neap tide cycle, the wave runup height (and indirectly offshore wave conditions) and the height of the pre-existing berm. A conceptual model for berm morphodynamics is presented, based on sediment transport shape functions measured during the two modes of berm growth.  相似文献   

12.
K. Pye  S.J. Blott 《Geomorphology》2008,102(3-4):652-666
Monitoring of frontal dune erosion and accretion on the Sefton coast in northwest England over the past 50 years has revealed significant spatial and temporal variations. Previous work has shown that the spatial variations primarily reflect longshore differences in beach and nearshore morphology, energy regime and sediment budget, but the causes of temporal variations have not previously been studied in detail. This paper presents the results of work carried out to test the hypothesis that a major cause of temporal variation is changes in the frequency and magnitude of storms, surges and resulting high tides. Dune toe erosion/accretion records dating from 1958 have been compared with tide gauge records at Liverpool and Heysham. Relatively high dune erosion rates at Formby Point 1958–1968 were associated with a relatively large number of storm tides. Slower erosion at Formby, and relatively rapid accretion in areas to the north and south, occurred during the 1970's and 1980's when there were relatively few major storm tides. After 1990 rates of dune erosion at Formby increased again, and dunes to the north and south experienced slower accretion. During this period high storm tides have been more frequent, and the annual number of hours with water levels above the critical level for dune erosion has increased significantly. An increase in the rate of mean sea-level rise at both Liverpool and Heysham is evident since 1990, but we conclude that this factor is of less importance than the occurrence of extreme high tides and wave action associated with storms. The incidence of extreme high tides shows an identifiable relationship with the lunar nodal tidal cycle, but the evidence indicates that meteorological forcing has also had a significant effect. Storms and surges in the eastern Irish Sea are associated with Atlantic depressions whose direction and rate of movement have a strong influence on wind speeds, wave energy and the height of surge tides. However, preliminary analysis has indicated only a modest relationship between dune erosion/accretion rates and the North Atlantic Oscillation index.  相似文献   

13.
长江口外海滨悬沙分布及扩散特征   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
长江口外海滨地区是陆海相互作用显著的区域,该区域复杂的水流等动力因素和地形条件决定了悬沙分布和扩散的特点。本文利用大量实测资料,对口外海滨地区悬沙的分布特征进行了综合分析,研究结果表明,平面分布不均,西高东低,南高北低,高低相差悬殊是长江口外水域悬沙平面分布的主要特点。枯季自西向东含沙量均匀减小,等值线分布较为稀疏。垂向涨落潮含沙量也表现出不同的分布特征,在口外的中西部水域垂向扩散系数较大,水体垂向混合程度均匀;垂向混合程度加强,水体含沙量也随之显著增加,这也造就了口外的南北两个高含沙区。  相似文献   

14.
Summary. A reduced equation of motion is used to compute the residual velocity and the residual transport through the West Solent from the water levels recorded over an eight-month period at tide gauges at either end of the channel. A coefficient of bottom friction of 5·0 × 10−3 is assumed. There was a spring-neap variation and a significant correlation of fluctuations in the residual velocity with meteorological conditions. Westward residual velocities occurred at spring tides with low barometric pressure and south-westerly winds. Eastward residual velocities occurred at neap tides with high pressure and north-easterly winds. Because of the progressive nature of the tidal wave the long term residual transport appeared to be towards the west and the flushing time for the Solent system was long for considerable periods. The maximum velocities experienced during a tidal cycle half way along the channel are towards the west with a probability of values exceeding 160 cm s−1 for 10 min in 5·4 days.  相似文献   

15.
近百年来长江口启东嘴潮滩沉积物质来源及定量估算   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张云峰  张振克  任航  高磊  丁海燕 《地理学报》2018,73(11):2105-2116
河流入海输沙是海岸稳定的重要物质基础。启东嘴潮滩位于长江北支口门,与江苏海岸线交汇,陆海相互作用强烈。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定了岩芯沉积物QDZ-1的地球化学元素。根据地球化学元素的分布特征和富集系数,分析了物源指示意义,表明启东嘴潮滩沉积物受到长江物质和南黄海物质的共同影响。基于地球化学元素的沉积物端元定量判识方法,对不同物质来源的贡献率进行了定量估算。在1930年前启东嘴潮滩沉积物主要来自长江的入海输沙,贡献率为68.1%,随着长江北支河槽的衰退,贡献率逐渐减少,在1930-1972年间为38.5%,到1972年后减少到17.5%。苏北沿岸流携带向南输运的南黄海物质,贡献率逐渐增加,在1930年前为27.1%,在1930-1972年间为55.6%,到1972年后增加到75.9%,成为启东嘴潮滩主要物质来源。沉积物来源的阶段性变化,在时间上与北支水动力的阶段性变化基本吻合。  相似文献   

16.
长江河口最大浑浊带水沙输运机制分析   总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33  
沈健  沈焕庭 《地理学报》1995,50(5):411-420
本文根据大量的实测资料,运用机理的分析方法,讨论了长江口最大浑浊带中各输沙项的作用。结果表明,平均流输沙、斯托克斯漂流效应、潮汐捕集以及垂向不流是净输沙的主要部分。  相似文献   

17.
基于非结构三角形网格的FVCOM(Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model)海洋数值模式,对白令海峡及其邻近海域的潮汐、潮能进行数值模拟研究。模拟结果同验潮站和实测海流资料符合良好,较好地反映了白令海峡及其邻近海域的潮汐、潮流分布特征和运动状况。根据计算结果绘制了主要分潮的同潮图和潮流椭圆图,对该海域潮汐潮流特征进行了系统分析。结果表明,白令海陆架区、白令海峡和楚科奇海主要以M2分潮为主,而在诺顿湾海域以K1分潮为主,M2分潮潮流在白令海陆架东南部及阿纳德尔湾较强,K1分潮潮流在诺顿湾潮流达到最大值。在此基础上,对其潮汐能的传播与耗散进行分析,结果发现研究海域潮能通量较小,主要分潮在研究海域潮能耗散总量约为751 MW,M2潮能耗散占该总量的52%,K1潮能耗散占38%,潮能进入白令海陆架后,M2分潮主要在圣劳伦斯岛以南陆架区耗散,K1分潮主要在诺顿湾海区耗散。  相似文献   

18.
南极区域潮汐是计算南极物质平衡和南极冰架表面冰流速的重要影响因素,同时对于研究冰架崩解和全球气候变暖具有重要作用。南极潮汐测量的方法从最初的实时测量,发展到了卫星测高和遥感监测以及建立数值模型预测的阶段。已有研究表明潮汐周期与冰架表面流速间存在一定关联,例如Filchner-Ronne冰架和Ross冰架的潮汐变化与冰流速度的联系为:在大潮时冰流速度达到最快,小潮时冰流速度达到最慢。研究还对南极典型冰架区域潮汐特征及对冰架表面冰流速、高程变化等的影响进行了总结。今后的研究不仅需要继续关注西南极和南极半岛的潮汐变化,更加需要对东南极稀疏的区域进行潮汐观测,这对于构建整个南极潮汐数据库和提高数值模型的精度具有重要意义。  相似文献   

19.
长江河口枯季河床沉积物与河床沙波现场观测研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
于2002年3月利用浅地层剖面仪、双频道测深仪、旁侧声纳和ADCP流速剖面仪、ENDECO海流仪、OBS测沙仪在江阴至横沙岛航行150km,取得河床沉积物、河床形态和与此相关的动力因子实测资料。采用沉积学和泥沙运动力学相结合的方法进行研究,结果表明:观测期间该河段河床沉积物颗粒组成以细砂为主,中值粒径为2φ左右,分选较好;河床泥沙以单颗粒群体跳跃运动为主,在河床上形成沙波形态,并发育良好;其河床沙波的形成、发展和消失与河床沉积物颗粒度特征和涨落潮水流强弱息息相关。  相似文献   

20.
Based on sediment and discharge flux data for the Yellow River, realistic forcing fields and bathymetry of the Bohai Sea, a suspended sediment transport module is driven by a wave-current coupled model to research seasonal variations and mechanisms of suspended load transport to the Bohai Sea. It could be concluded that surface sediment concentration indicates a distinct spatial distribution characteristic that varies seasonally in the Bohai Sea. Sediment concentration is rather high near the Yellow River estuary, seasonal variations of which are controlled by quantity of sediment from the Yellow River, suspended sediment concentration reaches its maximum during summer and fall. Furthermore, sediment concentration decreases rapidly in other seas far from the Yellow River estuary and maintains a very low level in the center of the Bohai Sea, and is dominated by seasonal variations of climatology wind field in the Bohai Sea. Only a small amount of sediments imported from the Yellow River are delivered northwestward to the southern coast of the Bohai Bay. Majority of sediments are transported southeastward to the Laizhou Bay, where sediments are continuously delivered into the center of the Bohai Sea in a northeastward direction, and part of them are transported eastward alongshore through the Bohai Strait. 69% of sediments from the Yellow River are deposited near the river delta, 31% conveyed seaward, within which, 4% exported to the northern Yellow Sea through the Bohai Strait. Wind wave is the most essential contributor to seasonal variations of sediment concentration in the Bohai Sea, and the contribution of tidal currents is also significant in shallow waters when wind speed is low.  相似文献   

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