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1.
Alexis Comber Peter Fisher Richard Wadsworth 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):691-708
Spatially coincident land-cover information frequently varies due to technological and political variations. This is especially problematic for time-series analyses. We present an approach using expert expressions of how the semantics of different datasets relate to integrating temporal time series land-cover information where the classification classes have fundamentally changed. We use land-cover mapping in the UK (LCMGB and LCM2000) as example data sets because of the extensive object-based meta-data in the LCM2000. Inconsistencies between the two datasets can arise from random, gross and systematic error and from an actual change in land cover. Locales of possible land-cover change are inferred by comparing characterizations derived from the semantic relations and meta-data. Field visits showed errors of omission to be 21% and errors of commission to be 28%, despite the accuracy limitations of the land-cover information when compared with the field survey component of the Countryside Survey 2000. 相似文献
2.
准格尔丘陵区小流域土地覆盖变化的模型测算及空间位置转换 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于3个时相的土地覆盖类型图,在GIS的支持下,利用空间模型、数量模型和土地覆盖变化强度指数对内蒙古准格尔丘陵区五分地沟小流域土地覆盖变化进行数量测算,同时以耕地为例进行土地利用类型空间位置变化案例分析。模型测算结果表明：灌木林地、水域、居民点、草地是研究区域转出为其它土地覆盖类型的“敏感”类型；变化强度结果显示,1979-1987年内,草地、沟壑地是变化强度最大的土地覆盖类型；1987-2002年时段内,变化强度较小,反映出人类对于研究区干扰活动的减弱。耕地空间位置转换分析显示,耕地新增面积很大,并呈均匀、离散分布。 相似文献
3.
Kirby Calvert Peter Luciani Warren Mabee 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(2):274-295
Insufficient spatial coverage of existing land-cover data is a common limitation to timely and effective spatial analysis. Achieving spatial completeness of land-cover data is the most challenging for large study areas which straddle ecological or administrative boundaries, and where individuals and agencies lack access to, and the means to process, raw data from which to derive spatially complete land-cover maps. In many cases, various sources of secondary data are available, so that land-cover map assimilation and synthesis can resolve this research problem. The following paper develops a reliable and repeatable framework for assimilating and synthesizing pre-classified data sets. Assimilation is achieved through data reformatting and map legend reconciliation in the context of a specific application. Individual maps are assessed for accuracy at various geographic scales and levels of thematic precision, with an emphasis on the ‘area of overlap’, in order to extract information that guides the synthesis process. The quality of the synthesized land-cover data set is evaluated using advanced accuracy assessment methods, including a measure describing the ‘magnitude of disagreement’. This method is applied to derive a seamless thematic map of the land cover of eastern Ontario from two disparate map series. The importance of assessing data quality throughout the process using multiple reference data sets is highlighted, and limitations of the method are discussed. 相似文献
4.
5.
流域LUCC水文效应研究中的若干问题探讨 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21
随着全球变化研究的深入,土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)的水文效应研究日益成为热点问题。综合国内外研究进展,论文就流域土地利用/覆被变化水文效应研究中的几个问题进行了总结和探讨：子流域和水文响应单元是分布式水文模型对流域基本空间单元的理想划分;对国内外现有的土地利用分类系统进行了适当的调整和归并,建立了基于水文响应研究的土地利用分类系统,将土地利用分为9个Ⅰ级类和21个II级类;土地利用/覆被变化情景分析的常用方法有参照对比法、历史反演法、模型预测法、极端土地利用法、土地利用空间配置法等。 相似文献
6.
土地利用/土地覆被变化研究:寻求新的综合途径 总被引：198，自引：26，他引：198
土地利用/土地覆被变化是很复杂的现象,参与该项目的研究人员要避免“瞎子摸大象”那样的片面性,必须寻求新的综合研究途径。为此,不能简单地沿袭传统土地利用研究的思路和方法,需要不断提出新的研究论题;对土地利用变化驱动力必须有一种普遍的、综合的认识;需要将多个案例研究联结为一个可代表区域空间异质性的网络,需要作多空间尺度的研究,从而将地方尺度和区域尺度的土地覆被动态联系起来;需要发展新的研究方法,并将从农户调查到遥感数据的各种信息综合起来;尤其需要形成关于土地利用/土地覆被变化的综合科学理论框架 相似文献
7.
Studies of land-use change often require the combination of socioeconomic survey data with spatially continuous maps of land-cover change. One approach is to define maps of land ownership, assuming that all land-use change can be attributed to the owners or managers of each parcel of land. Unfortunately, records of administrative boundaries between towns and villages are commonly unavailable in developing countries and prohibitively costly or time consuming to map for individual projects. However, point locations of the settlements themselves can be obtained easily from existing maps or remotely-sensed imagery. In this paper we compare three methods – circular buffers, unweighted Voronoi polygons (sometimes referred to as Thiessen polygons) and multiplicatively weighted Voronoi polygons – for estimating boundaries between villages in an agricultural landscape in West Africa. The benefits and limitations of each approach are discussed, and their accuracy assessed using 98 independently collected GPS coordinates of village boundaries. We present a novel method for generating and optimising weights for multiplicatively weighted Voronoi polygons using survey data of village sizes from a subset of villages. By using both spatial information and survey data from villages, we show that multiplicatively weighted Voronoi polygons outperform other methods of predicting village boundaries, and increase the correlation coefficient between surveyed village area and mapped areas from 0.18 to 0.68 compared with more commonly used unweighted Voronoi polygons. Our method of weighting Voronoi polygons can be implemented with data and software commonly available to researchers and non-governmental organisations. 相似文献
8.
Luciana de Souza Soler Maria Isabel S. Escada Peter H. Verburg 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2009,29(2):182-193
Spatial patterns of deforested areas and secondary forest are analyzed in terms of the spatial variation in location factors at different spatial extents. The spatial extents considered are old and new agrarian colonization projects and the administrative units of two different municipalities in Rondonia: Vale do Anari and Machadinho d'Oeste. A grid database was constructed including land cover and potential location factors based on biophysical, accessibility, socioeconomic and policy data. Results of the spatial analyses confirmed the hypothesis that different extents yield different relationships between land use/cover patterns and their location factors, particularly between old and new agrarian colonization projects. It emphasizes that current patterns of forest, secondary forest and pasture/agriculture can only be understood with a combination of policy, accessibility, biophysical and socioeconomic factors while accounting for the historical pathways of change. Because we are dealing with different trajectories of land use/cover change, static analysis of the spatial pattern without acknowledging these trajectories will lead to erroneous interpretations of the current and future land use/cover dynamics. 相似文献
9.
Yuanyuan Yang Shuwen Zhang Jiuchun Yang Liping Chang Kun Bu Xiaoshi Xing 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(4):746-766
Understanding long-term human-environment interactions requires historical reconstruction of past land-use and land-cover changes. Most reconstructions have been based primarily on consistently available and relatively standardized information from historical sources. Based on available data sources and a retrospective research, in this paper we review the approaches and methods of the digital reconstruction and analyze their advantages and possible constraints in the following aspects: (1) Historical documents contain qualitative or semi-quantitative information about past land use, which also usually include land-cover data, but preparation of archival documents is very time-consuming. (2) Historical maps and pictures offer visual and spatial quantitative land-cover information. (3) Natural archive has significant advantages as a method for reconstructing past vegetation and has its unique possibilities especially when historical records are missing or lacking, but it has great limits of rebuilding certain land-cover types. (4) Historical reconstruction models have been gradually developed from empirical models to mechanistic ones. The method does not only reconstruct the quantity of land use/cover in historical periods, but it also reproduces the spatial distribution. Yet there are still few historical land-cover datasets with high spatial resolution. (5) Reconstruction method based on multiple-source data and multidisciplinary research could build historical land-cover from multiple perspectives, complement the missing data, verify reconstruction results and thus improve reconstruction accuracy. However, there are challenges that make the method still in the exploratory stage. This method can be a long-term development goal for the historical land-cover reconstruction. Researchers should focus on rebuilding historical land-cover dataset with high spatial resolution by developing new models so that the study results could be effectively applied in simulations of climatic and ecological effects. 相似文献
10.
基于MODIS 数据的长江三角洲地区土地覆盖分类 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
长江三角洲地区是我国经济最发达的地区之一, 人类活动对自然环境产生了很大影响。为了研究该地区人类活动与生态环境的相互作用, 利用250 m 分辨率MODIS 数据进行土地 覆盖制图研究, 采用的主要数据为增强型植被指数EVI 数据、反射率数据和DEM 数据。通过基于时间序列的滤波方法消除EVI 的噪声, 通过PCA 变换压缩数据量, 并计算均质度来表征空间维的纹理信息, 构造了一个综合性的分类数据矩阵, 依据高分辨率影像选取了训练区, 采用最大似然法进行分类, 并采用缓冲区分析技术进行分类修正, 得到长江三角洲地区的土地覆盖分类结果。利用高分辨率影像解译信息对分类结果进行了精度评价, 并将分类结果与 MODIS 土地覆盖产品进行了对比, 精度分析表明分类结果很好的反映了研究区的土地覆盖信息, 显示了本研究分类方法与技术处理在实践中的可行性及250 m 分辨率EVI 时间序列数据在区域尺度土地覆盖分类方面的优势与潜力。 相似文献
11.
Understanding long-term human-environment interactions requires historical reconstruction of past land-use and land-cover changes. Most reconstructions have been based primarily on consistently available and relatively standardized information from historical sources. Based on available data sources and a retrospective research, in this paper we review the approaches and methods of the digital reconstruction and analyze their advantages and possible constraints in the following aspects:(1) Historical documents contain qualitative or semi-quantitative information about past land use, which also usually include land-cover data, but preparation of archival documents is very time-consuming.(2) Historical maps and pictures offer visual and spatial quantitative land-cover information.(3) Natural archive has significant advantages as a method for reconstructing past vegetation and has its unique possibilities especially when historical records are missing or lacking, but it has great limits of rebuilding certain land-cover types.(4) Historical reconstruction models have been gradually developed from empirical models to mechanistic ones. The method does not only reconstruct the quantity of land use/cover in historical periods, but it also reproduces the spatial distribution. Yet there are still few historical land-cover datasets with high spatial resolution.(5) Reconstruction method based on multiple-source data and multidisciplinary research could build historical land-cover from multiple perspectives, complement the missing data, verify reconstruction results and thus improve reconstruction accuracy. However, there are challenges that make the method still in the exploratory stage. This method can be a long-term development goal for the historical land-cover reconstruction. Researchers should focus on rebuilding historical land-cover dataset with high spatial resolution by developing new models so that the study results could be effectively applied in simulations of climatic and ecological effects. 相似文献
12.
The spatially explicit reconstruction of historical land-cover datasets plays an important role in studying the climatic and ecological effects of land-use and land-cover change(LUCC). Using potential natural vegetation(PNV) and satellite-based land use data, we determined the possible maximum distribution extent of forest cover in the absence of human disturbance. Subsequently, topography and climate factors were selected to assess the suitability of land for cultivation. Finally, a historical forest area allocation model was devised on the basis of the suitability of land for cultivation. As a case study, we used the historical forest area allocation model to reconstruct forest cover for 1780 and 1940 in Northeast China with a 10-km resolution. To validate the model, we compared satellite-based forest cover data with our reconstruction for 2000. A one-sample t-test of absolute bias showed that the two-tailed significance was 0.12, larger than the significant level 0.05, suggesting that the model has strong ability to capture the spatial distribution of forests. In addition, we calculated the relative difference of our reconstruction at the county scale for 1780 in Northeast China. The number of counties whose relative difference ranged from-30% to 30% is 99, accounting for 74.44% of all counties. These findings demonstrated that the provincial forest area could be transformed into forest cover maps well using the model. 相似文献
13.
An approach to spatially explicit reconstruction of historical forest in Northeast China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The spatially explicit reconstruction of historical land-cover datasets plays an important role in studying the climatic and ecological effects of land-use and land-cover change（LUCC）. Using potential natural vegetation（PNV） and satellite-based land use data, we determined the possible maximum distribution extent of forest cover in the absence of human disturbance. Subsequently, topography and climate factors were selected to assess the suitability of land for cultivation. Finally, a historical forest area allocation model was devised on the basis of the suitability of land for cultivation. As a case study, we used the historical forest area allocation model to reconstruct forest cover for 1780 and 1940 in Northeast China with a 10-km resolution. To validate the model, we compared satellite-based forest cover data with our reconstruction for 2000. A one-sample t-test of absolute bias showed that the two-tailed significance was 0.12, larger than the significant level 0.05, suggesting that the model has strong ability to capture the spatial distribution of forests. In addition, we calculated the relative difference of our reconstruction at the county scale for 1780 in Northeast China. The number of counties whose relative difference ranged from-30% to 30% is 99, accounting for 74.44% of all counties. These findings demonstrated that the provincial forest area could be transformed into forest cover maps well using the model. 相似文献
14.
Conservation planning and resulting ecological target identification require selection of both a planning area boundary and temporal baseline or reference condition. We examined the effects that these selections can have on resulting amount and location of identified conservation targets. A gap analysis for California was conducted using five different sets of ecoregion boundaries to identify and compare existing conservation shortfalls in major land cover type representation in protected areas using a threshold of 30 percent per ecoregion per type as the minimum required for future ecological viability. Another gap analysis was run for a single ecoregion using two temporal baselines (current and pre-1900) for the land cover followed by a comparison of identified conservation needs. We found that the boundaries of different ecoregional schemes affected both the total area needed to meet the per ecoregion land cover conservation goals and the spatial location of underprotected land cover types. Choice of temporal baseline also had a significant effect on the establishment of conservation targets for the highly human-impacted Central Valley ecoregion. To meet the given conservation threshold using a historic rather than contemporary baseline, a substantial amount of restoration is required. The results can help identify areas of both conservation needs consensus and those that vary widely based on the chosen planning boundary, as well as aid in the selection of appropriate restoration targets in degraded ecosystems. Because all landscapes are continuous in nature and planning area boundaries are discrete, similar results are likely to be found in analyses conducted in other regions. 相似文献
15.
ETM+影像亚像元级城市土地覆盖组分丰度提取——以南京市为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
城市景观复杂,地物具有强烈的空间异质性,利用中等空间分辨率遥感影像(如ETM )进行城市土地覆盖研究会出现大量混合像元。针对该问题,以南京市为例,通过混合像元分解提取城市土地覆盖组分丰度,进行城市土地覆盖研究,并从各个波段的残差、平均残差、相对误差、均方根误差等方面分析模型误差。利用IKONOS影像对提取的组分丰度图像进行精度验证,发现不同城市土地覆盖组分丰度图像具有一定的可靠性,与城市实际情况吻合。城市土地覆盖组分丰度图像还能作为一种新的数据源用于城市功能分区、城市人口数据空间化和城市环境监测与评估等研究中。 相似文献
16.
Tom Akkermans Anton Van Rompaey Nicole Van Lipzig Pieter Moonen Bruno Verbist 《自然地理学》2013,34(6):417-440
State-of-the-art impact-modeling studies in environmental and climatological sciences require detailed future deforestation scenarios that allow forest to be replaced by a mosaic of multiple successional land-cover types, rather than the simple conversion of forest to a single land-cover type, such as bare soil or cropland. Therefore, not only the amount and location of forest removal has to be known (as is typically provided by scenarios), but also knowledge about the successional land-cover types and their relative areal proportions is needed. The main objective of this study was to identify these successional land-cover types and quantify their areal proportions in regions deforested during the past 37 years around the city of Kisangani, D.R. Congo. The fallow vegetation continuum was categorized in different stages, adapted from existing classifications. Ground-truth points describing the present-day vegetation were obtained during a field campaign and used for supervised and validated land-cover classification of these categories, using the Landsat image of 2012. Areal proportions of successional land-cover types were then derived from the resulting land-cover map. The second objective of this study was to relate these areal proportions to time since deforestation, which is expected to influence fallow landscapes. Landsat images of 1975, 1990, and 2001 were analyzed. Present-day mature tree fallow is less abundant on areas deforested during 1975–1990. The relative areal proportions were used to refine a deforestation scenario and apply it to existing data-sets of LAI and canopy height (CH). Assuming a simple conversion of forest to cropland, the deforestation scenario projected a reduction of grid-cell-averaged CH from 25.5 to 7.5 m (within deforested cells), whereas the refined scenarios that we propose show more subtle changes, with a reduced CH of 13 m. This illustrates the importance of taking successional land cover correctly into account in environmental and climatological modeling studies. 相似文献
17.
如何实现自然与人文双重驱动下的特大城市群地区土地覆被变化的情景模拟,不仅是当前土地覆被变化研究领域的热点问题,也是城镇化可持续发展研究的核心主题之一。本文在对现有土地覆被变化情景模型缺陷进行分析和修正的基础上,构建了自然要素与人文要素耦合驱动的土地覆被情景曲面建模（SSMLC）方法。结合IPCC 2020年发布的共享社会经济路径（SSPs）与典型浓度路径（RCPs）组合的CMIP6 SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5的气候情景数据,以及人口、GDP、交通、政策等人文参数,分别实现了SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5情景下的京津冀土地覆被变化的情景模拟。模拟结果表明：SSMLC对京津冀地区土地覆被变化模拟的总体精度为93.52%;京津冀地区的土地覆被在2020—2040时段内的变化强度最高（3.12%/10a）,2040年以后的变化强度将逐渐减缓;在2020—2100年间,建设用地增加速度最快,增加率为5.07%/10a。湿地的减少速度最快,减少率为3.10%/10a。2020—2100时段内的京津冀土地覆被在SSP5-8.5情景下的变化强度整体高于在SSP1-2.6和SSP2-4.5情景下的变化强度;GDP、人口、交通和政策等人文因子对京津冀地区耕地、建设用地、湿地和水体的影响强度高于对其他土地覆被类型的影响强度。研究结果证实了SSMLC模型能够有效模拟和定量刻画京津冀地区土地覆被空间分布格局在未来不同情景的时空变化趋势和强度,模拟结果可为京津冀协同一体化的国土空间优化配置与规划、以及生态环境建设提供辅助依据和数据支撑。 相似文献
18.
Sudden and gradual land use changes can result in different socio-ecological systems, sometimes referred to as regime shifts. The Lao PDR (Laos) has been reported to show early signs of such regime shifts in land systems with potentially major socio-ecological implications. However, given the complex mosaic of different land systems, including shifting cultivation, such changes are not easily assessed using traditional land cover data. Moreover, regime shifts in land systems are difficult to simulate with traditional land cover modelling approaches. A novel simulation approach was employed that focused on simulating changes in land systems rather than focusing on land cover. With the CLUmondo model we simulated three scenarios of potential developments between the years 2010 and 2030 assuming different degrees of international market integration and sustainable growth objectives. Although all scenarios show a decline of shifting cultivation systems, the respective orientation of markets and land governance resulted in strongly different land change trajectories. The land system changes are strongly location dependent and different trajectories are found in different parts of the country. Some scenarios show clear elements of land sparing with intensification of land management in the valleys and re-growth of forest on sloping land. Other scenarios show elements of enhanced multi-functionality. The approach addressed methodological challenges in simulating land system regime shifts and complex mosaic landscapes while accounting for societal demands for different types of goods and services from land systems. The land systems approach allows a nuanced representation of different types of forests and agricultural systems such as shifting cultivation and commercial agricultural plantations. Simulation results contribute to a debate about desired future land use on the national scale including its environmental and socio-economic implications. 相似文献
19.
D. T. Robinson D. G. Brown 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1211-1232
We use a GIS‐based agent‐based model (ABM), named dynamic ecological exurban development (DEED), with spatial data in hypothetical scenarios to evaluate the individual and interacting effects of lot‐size zoning and municipal land‐acquisition strategies on possible forest‐cover outcomes in Scio Township, a municipality in Southeastern Michigan. Agent types, characteristics, behavioural methods, and landscape perceptions (i.e. landscape aesthetics) are empirically informed using survey data, spatial analyses, and a USDA methodology for mapping landscape aesthetic quality. Results from our scenario experiments computationally verified literature that show large lot‐size zoning policies lead to greater sprawl, and large lot‐size zoning policies can lead to increased forest cover, although we found this effect to be small relative to municipal land acquisition. The return on land acquisition for forest conservation was strongly affected by the location strategy used to select parcels for conservation. Furthermore, the location strategy for forest conservation land acquisition was more effective at increasing aggregate forest levels than the independent zoning policies, the quantity of area acquired for forest conservation, and any combination of the two. The results using an integrated GIS and ABM framework for evaluating land‐use development policies on forest cover provide additional insight into how these types of policies may act out over time and what aspects of the policies were more influential towards the goal of maximising forest cover. 相似文献
20.
基于3S技术的金沙江干热河谷区LUCC研究——以云南省元谋县为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以云南省元谋县为例,集成3S技术,对多期Landsat-TM数据进行土地利用/土地覆被信息提取及建立数据库,采用单一土地利用/土地覆被动态度和综合土地利用/土地覆被动态度指标,分析金沙江干热河谷区土地利用/土地覆被结构变化规律,提出基于生态环境建设的金沙江干热河谷区土地利用优化对策。并结合DEM数据分析分析金沙江干热河谷区土地利用/土地覆被垂直分异及其变化规律,结果表明：1.草地和林地是土地利用/土地覆被的主体,但林地以疏林地为主,草地以低、中覆盖度草地为主,具有相当大的敏感性和脆弱性;2.土地利用较为粗放,如水浇地占耕地、人工草地占草地及城乡建设用地占总用地面积的比例等相对较低;3.土地利用/土地覆被结构发生了较快的变化,耕地、草地、水域、未利用土地面积有所减少,而林地、城乡建设用地面积增长较快;4.低山区和中低山区为以林草地为主、耕地亦有一定比例的类农林牧交错带,是干热河谷区生态环境最脆弱的地带。 相似文献