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1.
渭河盆地东南缘铲形正断层上盘活动特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文根据野外和力学分析，认为渭河盆地东南缘铲形正断层上盘块体沿凹曲的断层面向下滑动和旋转作用，在山前冲洪积平原区产生了同向断层、反向断层和上盘横断层。这些构造的差异活动及其在地表的表现特征，可作为铲形正断层分段的重要标志。 相似文献
2.
This work presents a structural model for earthquake faulting in the Umbria-Marche Apennines (Central Italy). The model is derived by an integrated analysis of geological, geophysical and seismological data. At regional scale, the distribution and character of the seismicity appear to be mainly controlled by a low-angle east-dipping normal fault (Altotiberina fault, AF). The latter is the lower boundary of an active, continuously deforming hangingwall block moving toward NE. Moderate magnitude earthquakes (4 < M < 6), such as the Norcia 1979 (M = 5.9), the Gubbio 1984 (M = 5.2) and the Colfiorito 1997 (Mmax = 5.9), occur within the active hangingwall block and are related to the activity of major west-dipping normal faults detaching on the AF. The geometry of the deep seismogenic structures is listric (as in the case of Colfiorito) or more complex, because of local reactivation of pre-existing low-angle thrust (e.g. Gubbio) or high-angle strike-slip faults (e.g. Norcia). For all the analysed earthquakes the rupture nucleation is located at the base of the aftershock volumes, near the line of intersection between the SW-dipping normal faults and the east-dipping AF basal detachment. The progressive increase in depth of the earthquake foci from the north–west (e.g. Gubbio, 6–7 km) to the south–east (e.g. Norcia, 11–12 km) appears to be related to the eastward deepening of the basal detachment. These seismotectonic features are relevant for determining the seismogenic potential of the Apennine active faults, which depends not only on the length of the faults, but also on the depth of the detachment zone as well. 相似文献
3.
根据人工地震及部分钻井资料研究,邯郸、汤阴断陷是太行山南段东麓的北北东向箕状断陷,邯郸断陷形成于早第三纪,主要受其东缘的邯东铲式正断裂控制。汤阴断陷形成于第三纪,其北部主要受东缘的汤东铲式正断裂控制,南部受东、西边缘的汤东、汤西铲式正断裂控制。两个断陷均为浅源震区,近几年来时有小震出现。邯东断裂没有明显的新活动,地震活动也较微弱,而汤阴断陷的汤东、汤西断裂,新活动明显,推测南部地震活动水平较高,是更应注意的地段 相似文献
4.
Exploration and Study of Deep Crustal Structure in the Quanzhou Basin and Its Adjacent Area 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zhu Jinfang 《中国地震研究》2006,20(3):305-315
INTRODUCTIONQuanzhou Citylocates on the southeast coast of Fujian Province .Tectonically,it locates in thevolcanic fault depression zone in East Fujian betweenthe Wuyi-Daiyunfolded doming-upregion of theSouth China block and the depression zone of the Taiwan Straits . Being on the north segment of thesoutheast seismic belt of China , many destructive earthquakes inthe history affected the area and theregional seismicityis closelyrelated withfaulting.Inthe Quanzhou basin,large-scalelo… 相似文献
5.
Maria Sachpazi Mireille Laigle Nikos Roussos 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,216(3):243-257
Continental extension is forming the Gulf of Corinth across the strike of earlier Alpine evolution. Here, we present the first deep reflection sections with pre-stack depth-migration processing across the deep basin of the Corinth active rift, which image structures unpredicted by current models. Resolving the infill as a pile of layers that are broken by faults allows one to follow their subsidence and deformation history. Variation among the profiles suggests that southern normal faults control the rift in a time progression from the east towards its western tip. On the central, Derveni-Itea transect, a 3-km widening of the basin accrued since the initiation of this control that is marked by an unconformity between the two main sedimentary units. This is estimated to have occurred 0.5-0.6 Myr ago, assuming the glacio-eustatic sea-level changes have controlled the stratigraphy of sediments deposited as a succession of layers on the subsiding hangingwall, as they did on the southern footwall in forming the famous flight of marine terraces of Corinth. A roll-over anticline and crestal collapse graben are diagnostic of the control by a normal fault of dip varying with depth. The deeper low-angle part of this bi-planar fault is indeed imaged as a reflector in the basement. The occurrence of the collapse with a breakaway at the steep southern basin-bounding fault of the hangingwall slab can be estimated 0.12-0.2 Myr ago, with a marked increase in extension rate that brought it to its present fastest value over 10 mm/yr. The low-angle part of the active fault might also have controlled earlier evolution upslope and in the basin. When compared with inferences from earthquake studies, this low-angle active fault may not appear to be seismogenic but may participate to the seismic cycle, possibly in a conditionally stable regime. Active faults seen as sea-bottom scarps merely accommodate deformation of its subsiding hangingwall. The footwall of the low-angle faults, which current seismicity shows to be in extension, appears then as being pulled out from beneath the rift, in a motion towards the rolling-back slab that causes the Hellenic subduction retreat. 相似文献
6.
本文根据石油地质勘探的最新资料和元-济人工地震地壳测深剖面相应地段重新解释的结果,分析了邢台7.2级地震的构造背景和发震断裂。研究结果表明,7.2级地震震中位于束鹿断陷盆地南部次凹的东缘,该次凹发育在由新河断裂等4条缓倾铲形正断裂分制围限地台盖层而成的“斛”状构造块体上,块体之下的地壳中存在两条倾向相反的高角度断裂;地震与断陷主断裂及其控制的断陷盆地并非是简单的对应关系,7.2级地震的发震断裂不是单一的缓倾铲形新河断裂或其下方的高角度的F_3断裂和深部的东断裂,而是它们的组合,且高角度断裂是发震断裂的主要部分 相似文献
7.
漳州盆地及其邻区地壳深部结构的探测与研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
漳州盆地及其邻区地处我国大陆东南沿海地震带中段。通过该地区高分辨率折射及宽角反射，折射地震探测剖面，获得了该区地壳几何结构与速度结构、地壳深浅部断裂的几何形态和构造关系等。结果表明，该区地壳分为上地壳和下地壳。上地壳的厚度为16．5～18．8km，下地壳厚度为12．0～13．0km。上地壳分为上下两部分。在上地壳下部有一个低速层，速度约为6．00km／s，低速层顶面深度为12．0km左右，厚度约为5．0km。下地壳也分为上下两部分。Moho界面的深度为29．0～31．8km。该区6条地壳浅部正断层大部分向地下延伸深度不超过4km，最大延伸深度达5km左右。据推测，浅部正断层下方有一条高倾角地壳深断裂带，该断裂带向下断至Moho面，向上断至上地壳下部低速层中。深浅部断裂构造不相连接。漳州盆地深浅部构造组合特征表明，九龙江断裂带是该区内一条特征明显、具有复杂深浅构造背景的深断裂带。这一深地震探测成果的获得，使得该地区深部资料解释的可靠性和探测精度比以往显著提高；对深浅部构造的组合可作统一解释，地壳的分层和结构特征更为确切和精细；首次发现上地壳的拉张性构造及铲式正断层组合特征，不仅有助于对漳州及其邻区地震危险性的综合判定，而且对深化东南沿海地震带深部动力学过程的认识具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
华北地区震源断层与深浅构造关系的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
使用地震资料（等震线、地表破裂带、地形变、余震平面和剖面分布及震源机制）描述强震震源断层的立体特征。发现震源断层的上界即为由地震测深资料得到的Ｇ界面，并与该界面之下的高倾角深断裂吻合，证明地震时深断裂发生了剪切错动。震源断层与Ｇ界面之上的铲形正断层构成不连接的两套断裂系统，它们之间存在有对应和无对应的复杂关系。 相似文献
9.
Morphological signatures of normal faulting in low‐gradient alluvial rivers in south‐eastern Louisiana,USA 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nicole M. Gasparini Glenn C. Fischer Jordan M. Adams Nancye H. Dawers Arye M. Janoff 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(5):642-657
We explore the fluvial response to faulting in three low‐gradient, sand‐bed rivers in south‐eastern Louisiana, USA, that flow across active normal faults from footwall (upstream) to hangingwall (downstream). We calculate sinuosity, migration rate and migration direction in order to identify anomalies spatially associated with fault scarps. In two of the rivers we model one‐dimensional steady water flow to identify anomalies in surface water slope, width‐to‐depth ratio, and shear stress. In each of these rivers there is one location where flow modeling suggests potential channel incision through the footwall, as indicated by relatively high surface water slopes and shear stress values. In one of these footwall locations, the river straightens and width‐to‐depth ratios decrease, likely contributing to higher surface water slopes and shear stress. This is in contrast to previous studies that have proposed increased sinuosity across fault footwalls and decreased sinuosity across hangingwalls. However, in two hangingwall locations we also observe relatively less sinuous channels. Other planform changes on the hangingwall include topographic steering of channels along and towards the fault and one example of an avulsion. The most notable anomaly in migration rate occurs on the hangingwall of a fault where a river has cut off a meander loop. Although fluvial response to faulting varies here, comparatively large and small channels exhibit similar responses. Further, Pleistocene fault slip rates are orders of magnitude lower than the channel migration rates, suggesting that faulting should not be a major influence on the fluvial evolution. Nonetheless, notable channel anomalies exist near faults, suggesting that recent fault slip rates are higher than Pleistocene rates, and/or that low‐gradient alluvial channels are more sensitive to faulting than previous studies have suggested. Rivers appear to be influenced by faulting in this setting, however background rates of meander loop cutoff may be just as influential as faulting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
铲形正断层特征数值模拟及其与地震机制的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
铲形正断层是伸展构造区最普遍、最基本的断层构造。本应用近年来先进的LDDA方法对断层的运动效应进行数值模拟，着重探讨了铲形正断层的几何学和运动学特征，并且依据断层带附近剪应力集中的情况，对铲形正断层与地震机制的关系进行了讨论。这些探讨对于深入认识伸展构造区地震的形成机制和动力学环境具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
11.
Tectonic inversion is a common phenomenon in island arc settings, especially in back‐arc basins. The reactivation of normal faults as thrusts, triggered by tectonic inversion, produces typical inversion fault‐related folds and thrusts in the hangingwall. These hangingwall inversion geometries are affected by two factors: the geometry of the underlying master fault and the angle of inclined simple shear relative to the regional dip of strata, in the case that the deformation is approximated by simple shear. This study employed numerical simulations to analyse the influence of the antithetic shear angle on the geometry of the hangingwall and displacement along the master fault. The simulation results reveal that a steeply inclined shear vector during extension produces a narrow, steep‐sided half‐graben, whereas a gently inclined shear produces a wide, open basin. After tectonic inversion, a tight anticline is formed under steeply inclined shear, whereas an open anticline is formed under gently inclined shear. Antithetic shear results in reduced total displacement along the master fault, and the greater the angle between the shear direction and the regional dip, the greater the displacement along the master fault. Because the deformation geometry of syn‐extension layers is affected by extension followed by contraction, a change in the shear angle during tectonic inversion produces a wide variety of deformation geometries. Comparison of the simulation results with the results of analogue modelling suggests that the shear angle decreases by 5° during the transition from extension to tectonic inversion and that such a change may be commonly observed in natural geological structures. These results highlight the benefits of numerical simulations, which can be used to readily examine a variety of constraining parameters and thereby lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of hangingwall deformation, avoiding erroneous estimates of the amount of fault displacement. 相似文献
12.
The results from investigation of large quantity of fault outcrops and artificial earthquakes suggest that the Lin-tong-Chang’an fault zone mainly consists of two faults. One is the Majie-Nianwan fault that separates a branch of Wangjiabian-Houjiawan fault on the right bank of the Bahe River; the other is the Hujiagou-Shoupazhang fault that separates a branch of Zhongdicun-Tangjiazhai fault in Tongrenyuan and Shaolingyuan. As tensional dip-slip normal faults, the faults distribute with approximately parallel equal intervals in local regions and the profiles drop in a step-like form to the northwest, presenting a Y-shape combination. The result from deep seismic reflection indicates that the fault is about 5~8 km in depth, which is not only a basement fault, but also a listric normal fault in the deep stratum. The Lintong-Chang’an fault is a typical outstretching rift system under the NS-trending ten-sion stress field. At the same time, affected by the sinistral strike slip of the Yuxia-Tieluzi fault, the fault extends like a broom from the northeast to the southwest. 相似文献
13.
本文采用服从抛物线型破坏准则的滑移线场理论,对重力构造的铲式断层进行了力学研究。岩层重力滑动的坡度与岩石强度、滑动系统厚度、孔隙压力以及润滑层有关;铲式正断层自上至下由张性、张剪性、纯剪性过渡到压剪性,铲式逆断层上下一致为压剪性 相似文献
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15.
The results of seismic deep reflection,high resolution refraction and shallow artificial seismic exploration indicate that the fault on the northern bank of the Weihe river is composed of two faults,one is the Yaodian-Zhangjiawan fault and the other is the Chuanzhang-Zuitou fault.The 22 km long Yaodian-Zhangjiawan fault of EW-striking starts from Chenjiagou via Yaodian town,Qianpai village,Bili village,Wujia town and Zhangjiawan to Jiajiatan.The 15 km long Chuanzhang-Zuitou fault striking near EW starts from Chuanzhang via Mabei to Zuitou.The Weihe fault offset the basement and upper crust,the reflecting layers of TQ,TN,TE and Tg are ruptured at depth of about 15 km.In the deep part,the Weihe fault and the secondary fault form a Y-shaped structure or a synthetic low angle intersection.The Weihe fault is a listric normal fault.The fault has obvious structural characteristics of a reversed-drag normal fault and a normal drag normal fault with the depth of 1 000 m,and also has the characteris-tics of syngenetic sediment.The Weihe fault is one of the faults which control the basin sediment,and it is the boundary fault of Xi’an depression and Xianyang salient.The depth of the fault decreases from the west to east gradually,the deep part intersects with the Lintong-Chang’an fault at the intersection part of Weihe River,Jinghe River and Bahe River and the shallow part connects with the Weinan-Jingyang fault.The seismic exploration re-sults indicate that no fault exists on southern bank of the Weihe River. 相似文献
16.
浅层高分辨率地震探测揭示,河西务断裂在近地表为倾角70°—75°的高角度正断层,断裂由1条主干断裂及1条次级断裂构成。主干断裂上断点埋深170 m左右,活动时代为中更新世晚期。石油深地震探测结果和大地电磁测深资料分析结果显示,断层上陡下缓,呈铲形,两侧地层角度不整合,扩展向斜、褶皱和伴生断裂发育,断裂切割较深,在38 km左右深度与大兴断裂交汇向下延伸,进入上地幔,断裂的下盘存在壳内高导体(层)。结合精定位小震的分布以及华北地区地震孕育发生的特点认为,河西务断裂存在中强地震发生的构造背景。 相似文献
17.
Xu Xiwei YU Guihu Wang Fang Gu Mengling Sun Zhen''guo Liu Baojin You Huichuan 《中国地震研究》2001,15(2):174-189
Volume 15,Number 275INTRODUCTIONThe Xln抄al eafthquake swarrn occurred In Shulu basin In the western part ofNorih China PlainIncludes Malan M6．8 eafthquake In hn纽M Countyon Marchs,1966,Don驯aug M6．7 and M7．2earthquakes In Ningln County on March 22,1966,Balchekou M6．2 ealthquake In Shulu County onMarch 26,1966,and啊…ac M6．0 earthquake in Juhi County on March 29 1966．They aredlstnbutedin an elliptical area in N35”E direction with long axisd劝out 110 km and short axis o… 相似文献
18.
神开断层位于开平凹陷北部,是发育在南海被动大陆边缘洋陆过渡带的大型伸展拆离边界断层.本文以高精度2/3D地震资料和测井资料为基础,首次对神开断层的三维几何学和运动学特征进行剖析.根据断距变化,结合走向、倾向、倾角特征,将神开断层分为西南、中、东北三段;空间上认为神开断层断面是由多个等倾角区组成的复杂曲面,重建其几何学形态模型,通过5个垂向轴面和3个横向轴面将神开断层断面分为20个区.以正断层相关褶皱理论为指导,对神开断层运动学特征进行深入研究;根据平衡剖面对比,认为断层西南段、东北段在始新世早期开始发育,中段在始新世中晚期发育并与西南段和东北段连锁形成一条断层;断层旋转程度自西南向东北变弱;断层西南段反转强度最大,中段次之,东北段无反转.神开断层西南段为"反犁式"形态;中段为"座椅式"形态,与大洋核杂岩伴生;东北段为"犁式"形态.断层下盘的波瓦状构造为古老的拆离断层面,与神开断层一起构成拆离断层系. 相似文献
19.
Study on coupling between deep and shallow structures of Xingtai area and some significant questions
IntroductionIn order to gain a clear idea of the deep tectonic environment of Xingtai earthquake area,three wide-angle deep seismic renectionlrefraction profiles have been conducted through the are4they are Yuanshi--Ji'nan profile, Renxian--Wuqing profile and Tat' an--LongyaM inzhou profi I e.The Yuanshi--Ji'nan profile passes through the epicenter of the Ms=7.2 main shock andTat' ~ongyaO--X inzhou profi ie passes through the ep icenter of the Ms=6. 8 earthquake. Duringthe "Eighth Five-… 相似文献
20.
采用深地震反射剖面探测,结合地表地质信息,本文对芦山地区的地壳结构、深浅构造和隐伏活动断裂进行了分析.研究结果表明:该区上地壳结构特征清晰,深度约为15km左右;区内断裂由于受青藏高原向东南方向的推挤和坚硬的四川盆地阻挡的联合作用均属逆冲断裂,其中双石—大川断裂以低角度向深部延伸,主要表现为纯逆冲的运动学性质,并与周边小断裂共同组成叠瓦状断层构造.而广元—大邑断裂为上陡下缓式逆冲断裂,与其六条分支断裂共同组成了"正花状"构造,断裂活动是以逆冲为主,并伴随着小的水平滑动,是一条斜向逆冲的断裂.在芦山地震发震断裂的2km范围内推测存在一陡一缓两条断裂,并根据三者形态推测其在18km或以上收敛到一起并向深部延伸,从而使它们在芦山地震中被同时激活.研究结果揭示了研究区近地表活动断裂和地壳深部构造之间的关系,为进一步研究龙门山断裂带的深部构造环境、深浅构造关系以及断裂的活动性提供了有利的依据. 相似文献