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1.
GPS Solutions - A self-contained global ionospheric maps (GIM)-aided Abel retrieval method is adopted that can account for spherical non-uniformity along the radio wave path in the vicinity of the... 相似文献
2.
Raul Orus Perez 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(4):397-407
For single-frequency users of the global satellite navigation system (GNSS), one of the main error contributors is the ionospheric delay, which impacts the received signals. As is well-known, GPS and Galileo transmit global models to correct the ionospheric delay, while the international GNSS service (IGS) computes precise post-process global ionospheric maps (GIM) that are considered reference ionospheres. Moreover, accurate ionospheric maps have been recently introduced, which allow for the fast convergence of the real-time precise point position (PPP) globally. Therefore, testing of the ionospheric models is a key issue for code-based single-frequency users, which constitute the main user segment. Therefore, the testing proposed in this paper is straightforward and uses the PPP modeling applied to single- and dual-frequency code observations worldwide for 2014. The usage of PPP modeling allows us to quantify—for dual-frequency users—the degradation of the navigation solutions caused by noise and multipath with respect to the different ionospheric modeling solutions, and allows us, in turn, to obtain an independent assessment of the ionospheric models. Compared to the dual-frequency solutions, the GPS and Galileo ionospheric models present worse global performance, with horizontal root mean square (RMS) differences of 1.04 and 0.49 m and vertical RMS differences of 0.83 and 0.40 m, respectively. While very precise global ionospheric models can improve the dual-frequency solution globally, resulting in a horizontal RMS difference of 0.60 m and a vertical RMS difference of 0.74 m, they exhibit a strong dependence on the geographical location and ionospheric activity. 相似文献
3.
基于全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)跟踪站和Jason测高卫星获得的电离层总电子含量(TEC),系统评估了国内外5家国际GNSS服务(IGS)电离层分析中心以及全球连续监测评估系统(iGMAS)综合中心的预报、快速和最终全球电离层格网产品(GIM)在中国区域的精度和标准单点定位应用性能. 结果表明:不同类型GIM产品在中国区域的精度由高到低分别是最终、快速和预报GIM产品;在太阳活动水平较低时,不同GIM产品精度大致相当;在太阳活动水平较高时,西班牙加泰罗尼亚理工大学(UPC)和iGMAS的快速和最终GIM产品精度优于其他机构同类型产品. 相似文献
4.
Performance of the improved Abel transform to estimate electron density profiles from GPS occultation data 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
The Abel inversion is a straightforward tool to retrieve high-resolution vertical profiles of electron density from GPS radio occultations gathered by low earth orbiters (LEO). Nevertheless, the classical approach of this technique is limited by the assumption that the electron density in the vicinity of the occultation depends only on height (i.e., spherical symmetry), which is not realistic particularly in low-latitude regions or during ionospheric storms. Moreover, with the advent of recent satellite missions with orbits placed around 400 km (such as CHAMP satellite), an additional issue has to be dealt with: the treatment of the electron content above the satellite orbits. This paper extends the performance study of a method, proposed by the authors in previous works, which tackles both problems using an assumption of electron-density separability between the vertical total electron content and a shape function. This allows introducing horizontal information into the classic Abel inversion. Moreover, using both positive and negative elevation data makes it feasible to take into account the electron content above the LEO as well. Different data sets involving different periods of the solar cycle, periods of the day and satellites are studied in this work, confirming the benefits of this improved Abel transform approach. 相似文献
5.
6.
Effects of rapidly changing ionospheric weather are critical in high accuracy positioning, navigation, and communication applications. A system used to construct the global total electron content (TEC) distribution for monitoring the ionospheric weather in near-real time is needed in the modern society. Here we build the TEC map named Taiwan Ionosphere Group for Education and Research (TIGER) Global Ionospheric Map (GIM) from observations of ground-based GNSS receivers and space-based FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) GPS radio occultation observations using the spherical harmonic expansion and Kalman filter update formula. The TIGER GIM (TGIM) will be published in near-real time of 4-h delay with a spatial resolution of 2.5° in latitude and 5° in longitude and a high temporal resolution of every 5 min. The F3/C TEC results in an improvement on the GIM of about 15.5%, especially over the ocean areas. The TGIM highly correlates with the GIMs published by other international organizations. Therefore, the routinely published TGIM in near-real time is not only for communication, positioning, and navigation applications but also for monitoring and scientific study of ionospheric weathers, such as magnetic storms and seismo-ionospheric anomalies. 相似文献
7.
Angela Aragon-Angel Manuel Hernandez-Pajares J. Miguel Juan Zornoza Jaume Sanz Subirana 《GPS Solutions》2010,14(1):23-33
The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellite constellation has become an important tool toward providing global remote sensing data for
sounding of the atmosphere of the earth and the ionosphere in particular. In this study, the electron density profiles are
derived using the Abel transform inversion. Some drawbacks of this transform in LEO GPS sounding can be overcome by considering
the separability concept: horizontal gradients of vertical total electron content (VTEC) information are incorporated by the
inversion method, providing more accurate electron density determinations. The novelty presented in this paper with respect
to previous works is the use of the phase change between the GPS transmitter and the LEO receiver as the main observable instead
of the ionospheric combination of carrier phase observables for the implementation of separability in the inversion process.
Some of the characteristics of the method when applied to the excess phase are discussed. The results obtained show the equivalence
of both approaches but the method exposed in this work has the potentiality to be applied to the neutral atmosphere. Recent
FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC data have been processed with both the classical Abel inversion and the separability approach and evaluated
versus colocated ionosonde data. 相似文献
8.
电离层作为近地空间环境的重要组成部分,对电波通信、卫星导航定位等都有重要影响。监测电离层形态结构有助于对电离层时空演化特征的理解及其建模和预测。随着全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)的快速发展,GNSS电离层监测已成为重要的研究和应用方向。系统介绍了GNSS多维电离层监测及其应用的研究现状和进展,主要包括空基/地基GNSS联合反演电离层特征参数、层析技术反演电离层三维结构、电离层延迟建模、电离层异常扰动监测及机理认知等内容。 相似文献
9.
The three-dimensional ionospheric tomography (3DCIT) algorithm based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations have been developed into an effective tool for ionospheric monitoring in recent years. However, because the rays that come into or come out from the side of the inversion region cannot be used, the distribution of the rays in the edge and bottom part of the inversion region is scarce and the electron density cannot be effectively improved in the inversion process. We present a three-dimensional tomography algorithm with side rays (3DCIT-SR) applying the side rays to the inversion. The partial slant total electron content (STEC) of side rays in the inversion region is obtained based on the NeQuick2 model and GNSS-STEC. The simulation experiment results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the distribution of GNSS rays in the inversion region. Meanwhile, the iteration accuracy has also been significantly improved. After the same number of iterations, the iterative results of 3DCIT-SR are closer to the truth than 3DCIT, in particular, the inversion of the edge regions is improved noticeably. The GNSS data of the International GNSS Service (IGS) stations in Europe are used to perform real data experiments, and the inversion results show that the electron density profiles of 3DCIT-SR are closer to the ionosonde measurements. The accuracy improvement of 3DCIT-SR is up to 56.3% while the improvement is more obvious during the magnetic storm compared to the case of a calm ionospheric state . 相似文献
10.
The ionosphere: effects,GPS modeling and the benefits for space geodetic techniques 总被引：12，自引：8，他引：4
Manuel Hernández-Pajares J. Miguel Juan Jaume Sanz Àngela Aragón-Àngel Alberto García-Rigo Dagoberto Salazar Miquel Escudero 《Journal of Geodesy》2011,85(12):887-907
The main goal of this paper is to provide a summary of our current knowledge of the ionosphere as it relates to space geodetic
techniques, especially the most informative technology, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), specifically the fully
deployed and operational global positioning system (GPS). As such, the main relevant modeling points are discussed, and the
corresponding results of ionospheric monitoring are related, which were mostly computed using GPS data and based on the direct
experience of the authors. We address various phenomena such as horizontal and vertical ionospheric morphology in quiet conditions,
traveling ionospheric disturbances, solar flares, ionospheric storms and scintillation. Finally, we also tackle the question
of how improved knowledge of ionospheric conditions, especially in terms of an accurate understanding of the distribution
of free electrons, can improve space geodetic techniques at different levels, such as higher-order ionospheric effects, precise
GNSS navigation, single-antenna GNSS orientation and real-time GNSS meteorology. 相似文献
11.
为了分析与评估国际GNSS监测评估系统(iGMAS)全球电离层TEC格网产品精度,该文基于iGMAS及IGS各电离层分析中心发布的全球电离层TEC格网产品,进行了精度比较分析,结果表明:iGMAS与IGS、CODE、JPL、ESOC、UPC等IGS电离层工作组发布的全球电离层TEC格网产品,在全球、不同纬度带和欧洲等不同区域均表现出较高的一致性和强相关性,互差为0~2.0 TECU;JPL分析中心GIM的内符合精度约为2.5 TECU,iGMAS、IGS、CODE、ESOC和UPC等分析中心GIM的内符合精度均小于1.5 TECU;在2~8 TECU的精度范围内,iGMAS全球电离层TEC格网产品的精度总体与IGS、CODE、JPL、ESOC、UPC等IGS电离层工作组的精度相当。 相似文献
12.
GPS radio occultation measurements on ionospheric electron density from low Earth orbit 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Since the proof-of-concept GPS/Meteorology (GPS/MET) experiment successfully demonstrated active limb sounding of the Earth’s
neutral atmosphere and ionosphere via GPS radio occultation (RO) from low Earth orbit, the developments of electron density
(n
e) retrieval techniques and powerful processing systems have made a significant progress in recent years. In this study, the
researches of n
e profiling from space-based GPS RO observations are briefly reviewed. Applying to the Formosat-3/Constellation Observing System
for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (FS3/COSMIC) data, we also present a compensatory Abel inversion technique including
the effects of large-scale horizontal gradients and/or inhomogeneous ionospheric n
e obtained from an improved near real-time phenomenological model of the TaiWan Ionospheric Model. The results were evaluated
by the ionosonde foF2 and foE data and showed improvements of rms foF2 difference from 29.2 to 16.5% in relative percentage and rms foE difference from 54.2 to 32.7% over the standard Abel inversion. 相似文献
13.
电离层延迟误差是卫星导航和定位中不可忽略的重要误差,全球电离层总电子含量(TEC)格网数据因其将全球按规则的经纬度格网化,并给出了相应格网点的电离层TEC值,从而为用户使用提供了极大的便利．本文基于Linux Shell脚本编写简单、快速和容易维护等优点,利用Shell脚本对电离层TEC格网数据进行提取和分析处理,主要包括全球和自定义区域电离层TEC数据提取、均值计算、格网经纬度互差计算、最值提取等应用,可为基于全球电离层格网(GIM)数据对全球或区域电离层TEC周年变化、季节变化、周日变化规律以及时空变化特性等相关规律的分析研究提供一定的参考. 相似文献
14.
Ionospheric delay is a dominant error source in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Single-frequency GNSS applications require ionospheric correction of signal delay caused by the charged particles in the earth’s ionosphere. The Chinese Beidou system is developing its own ionospheric model for single-frequency users. The number of single-frequency GNSS users and applications is expected to grow fast in the next years in China. Thus, developing an appropriate ionospheric model is crucially important for the Chinese Beidou system and worldwide single-frequency Beidou users. We study the performance of five globally accessible ionospheric models Global Ionospheric Map (GIM), International Reference Ionosphere (IRI), Parameterized Ionospheric Model (PIM), Klobuchar and NeQuick in low- and mid-latitude regions of China under mid-solar activity condition. Generally, all ionospheric models can reproduce the trend of diurnal ionosphere variations. It is found that all the models have better performances in mid-latitude than in low-latitude regions. When all the models are compared to the observed total electron content (TEC) data derived from GIM model, the IRI model (2012 version) has the best agreement with GIM model and the NeQuick has the poorest agreement. The RMS errors of the IRI model using the GIM TEC as reference truth are about 3.0–10.0 TECU in low-latitude regions and 3.0–8.0 TECU in mid-latitude regions, as observed during a period of 1 year with medium level of solar activity. When all the ionospheric models are ingested into single-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) to correct the ionospheric delays in GPS observations, the PIM model performs the best in both low and mid-latitudes in China. In mid-latitude, the daily single-frequency PPP accuracy using PIM model is ~10 cm in horizontal and ~20 cm in up direction. At low-latitude regions, the PPP error using PIM model is 10–20 cm in north, 30–40 cm in east and ~60 cm in up component. The single-frequency PPP solutions indicate that NeQuick model has the lowest accuracy among all the models in both low- and mid-latitude regions of China. This study suggests that the PIM model may be considered for single-frequency GNSS users in China to achieve a good positioning accuracy in both low- and mid-latitude regions. 相似文献
15.
为了分析单站区域电离层总电子含量(total electron content,TEC)模型的适用范围和精度,基于2～15阶次球谐函数,分别建立了欧洲区域16个单站区域电离层TEC模型,生成了区域格网TEC,并与欧洲定轨中心(Center for Orbit Determination in Europe,CODE)、... 相似文献
16.
The mapping function is commonly used to convert slant to vertical total electron content (TEC) based on the assumption that the ionospheric electrons concentrate in a layer. The height of the layer is called ionospheric effective height (IEH) or shell height. The mapping function and IEH are generally well understood for ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations, but they are rarely studied for the low earth orbit (LEO) satellite-based TEC conversion. This study is to examine the applicability of three mapping functions for LEO-based GNSS observations. Two IEH calculating methods, namely the centroid method based on the definition of the centroid and the integral method based on one half of the total integral, are discussed. It is found that the IEHs increase linearly with the orbit altitudes ranging from 400 to 1400 km. Model simulations are used to compare the vertical TEC converted by these mapping functions and the vertical TEC directly calculated by the model. Our results illustrate that the F&K (Foelsche and Kirchengast) geometric mapping function together with the IEH from the centroid method is more suitable for the LEO-based TEC conversion, though the thin layer model along with the IEH of the integral method is more appropriate for the ground-based vertical TEC retrieval. 相似文献
17.
Ionospheric electron density observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC over the European region and validated by ionosonde data 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Andrzej Krankowski Irina Zakharenkova Anna Krypiak-Gregorczyk Irk I. Shagimuratov Pawel Wielgosz 《Journal of Geodesy》2011,85(12):949-964
This research is motivated by the recent IGS Ionosphere Working Group recommendation issued at the IGS 2010 Workshop held
in Newcastle, UK. This recommendation encourages studies on the evaluation of the application of COSMIC radio occultation
profiles for additional IGS global ionosphere map (GIM) validation. This is because the reliability of GIMs is crucial to
many geodetic applications. On the other hand, radio occultation using GPS signals has been proven to be a promising technique
to retrieve accurate profiles of the ionospheric electron density with high vertical resolution on a global scale. However,
systematic validation work is still needed before using this powerful technique for sounding the ionosphere on a routine basis.
In this paper, we analyze the properties of the ionospheric electron density profiling retrieved from COSMIC radio occultation
measurements. A comparison of radio occultation data with ground-based measurements indicates that COSMIC profiles are usually
in good agreement with ionosonde profiles, both in the F2 layer peak electron density and the bottom side of the profiles.
For this comparison, ionograms recorded by European ionospheric stations (DIAS network) in 2008 were used. 相似文献
18.
电离层参量的提取是开展电离层研究的基础,而数据同化技术则是获取电离层参量的一种重要手段。以NeQuick模型的输出作为背景场,Kalman滤波作为同化算法,利用数据同化技术实现区域电离层TEC重构,结果表明,数据同化方法重构的倾斜总电子含量（TEC）和垂直TEC与实测值较为一致。相比NeQuick模型及全球电离层地图（GIM）数据,数据同化方法重构得到的TEC的平均误差和标准差均有明显的降低,实测数据验证了数据同化技术在区域TEC重构中的精度和可靠性。 相似文献
19.
2013年中国发射了首颗进行全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)掩星观测的气象卫星风云3号C星(Fengyun-3C,FY-3C),且已发布自2014年6月以来的FY-3C掩星大气产品,但目前还未见将其应用于大气边界层的相关研究。首次尝试利用FY-3C折射率产品确定边界层高度并进一步进行空间分布分析。结果表明,在小波协方差变换法基础上,进行尖锐度约束,能够确定FY-3C掩星低层大气折射率廓线中可能存在的突变,反演边界层高度。所得到的2015―2018年各年边界层高度全球分布在不同纬度及海洋和陆地上的差异基本体现了边界层与地表气候及地形的关系,但FY-3C折射率产品在低层大气的精度和垂直分辨率相对较低。因此,反演成功率总体上较低,反演结果对边界层高度空间分布细节特征的呈现仍有待提升。 相似文献
20.
Analysis of inversion errors of ionospheric radio occultation 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The retrieved electron density profile of ionospheric radio occultation (RO) simulation data can be compared with the background
model value during the simulation and the inversion error can be obtained exactly. This paper studies the inversion error
of ionospheric RO through simulation. The sources of the inversion errors are analyzed. The impacts of measurement errors,
such as the errors in phase measurements and satellite orbits, are very small and can be neglected. The approximation of straight-line
propagation introduces errors at the height of the F1 layer under solar maximum condition. The spherical symmetry approximation
of the electron density distribution is found to be the main source of the inversion error. The statistical results reveal
some characteristics of the inversion errors. (1) The relative error increases with enhanced solar activity. (2) It is larger
in winter than in equinox season, and it is smallest in summer. (3) For all seasons, it is smaller at middle latitude than
at other latitudes. (4) For all seasons and geomagnetic latitudes, it is smaller at daytime than at other times. The NmF2
of the ROs from COSMIC are compared with the measurements of ionosondes, and the relative differences show the same dependencies
on season, geomagnetic latitude and local time, as the relative errors of the simulated ionospheric ROs.
相似文献
| Xiaocheng WuEmail: |