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青藏高原岩石圈多层构造应力场 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
青藏高原构造应力场可按岩石圈下层、多震层和浅层地壳区分为三层。除了震源机制解方法和井孔原地测量方法可分别用于推测多震层和浅层的应力状况外,还可根据下层塑性流动网络,采用平分网络共轭角的方法估计下层的应力方向。对比岩石圈下层与上层(多震层)的构造应力场,其结果表明: 由于板块边缘驱动力主要通过下层的网络状流动实现其远程传递,故在总体作用趋势上,上层的应力方向受控于下层;又由于高原靠近喜马拉雅驱动边界,部分驱动力直接沿上层传递,致使局部地区上、下层应力方向相差显著。 相似文献
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川滇地区位于中东亚塑性流动网络系统东南部 ,研究区内岩石圈下层含右向网带 6条和左向网带 16条 ,受其控制在多震层内形成相应的地震带。多震层和岩石圈下层的构造应力场在总趋势上基本一致 ,进一步证明了下层网状流动对上层的控制。沿网带以不同交角展布的发震断裂组成地震构造带 ,其中多数右向地震构造带已发育成熟 (视成熟度Λ≥ 0 .8) ,而左向带除大理 -通海和腾冲 -景洪两带接近成熟外 ,多数的Λ值显著小于 0 .8。“川滇菱形块体”因塑性流动网络的存在和块体边界的变迁 ,其现今构造和动力学涵义有待探讨 相似文献
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根据地震的涡旋状分布图象和大型盆地的分布特征,指出中东亚地区存在着巨型的涡旋构造。该涡旋构造由主环(直径约2000km)及内、外分支构成,主环和内环绕四川盆地逆时针旋转,外分支环绕塔里木等大型盆地顺时针旋转。根据层析成像资料推测,上述涡旋构造是上升型地幔涡旋对岩石圈板块底界驱动作用的结果。综合地幔涡旋和岩石圈下层塑性流动网络的见解,提出了“涡旋/网络”大陆动力学模型。该模型认为来自地幔涡旋的板块底界驱动力和由岩石圈塑性流动网络传递的板块边缘驱动力,作为两种基本的驱动力源,控制着中东亚大陆的构造变形及地震活动 相似文献
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采用塑化松香作为岩石圈延性下层的相似材料,进行了板内塑性流动网络及多层构造变形的物理模拟实验。延性单层模型的实验表明,在边界挤压或“高原”重力势的作用下,依赖于延性层粘度的高低不同,主要形成剪切网络、压性褶皱以及二者过渡型式等一级构造。在延性/脆性双层模型中(脆性上层和延性下层分别相当于岩石圈上、下层),边界驱动力的远程传递,主要借助于延性下层的网络状流动,岩石圈下层(含下地壳和岩石圈地幔)的剪切网络,即塑性流动网络,控制着板内构造变形,导致脆性上层内剪切破裂网络、逆推断裂、纵向张裂以及其它次级断裂和褶皱的发育。实验还表明,上、下层之间非连续分布的软弱夹层(模拟壳内低速、高导层)并不妨碍下层塑性流动网络的扩展,但影响牵引力的向上传递及上层构造变形的强弱分布 相似文献
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岩石圈下层的网状塑性流动 ,作为包含塑性流动网络的黏塑性流动 ,控制着大陆板块内部的构造变形和动力学过程。塑性流动网络由两组网带共轭相交而成 ,而塑性流动网带是黏塑性流动过程中因剪切局部化、黏性摩擦生热和网带介质的弱化而形成的延性弱面 (弱带 )。研究表明 ,类似于断裂和节理等脆性弱面 ,延性弱面对介质强度的影响也具有条件性 ,即当应力方向改变时 ,只有在滑移角θ不超出一定限值的条件 (θ1≤θ≤θ2 )下才可能沿原有弱面滑移 ,显示其弱化效应 ;延性弱面可以用弱化度R表示其屈服限的相对降低程度 ,弱化度与滑移角下限值之间的关系为R =sin2θ1;根据亚洲中东部地区“塑性流动 -地震”网络的最大共轭角推算 ,网带的弱化度R近似于 0 81。基于延性弱面效应的认识 ,文中就网带由剪切滑移向压性褶皱的转化、网带的继承与弃置以及应力方向的允许偏角等问题进行了探讨 相似文献
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基于大陆岩石圈塑性流动网络和塑性流动波的观念,地震迁移主要表现为塑性流动波控制下地震沿网带的迁移。中东亚网络系统存在着两种以上的塑性流动波,其中与地震中期预测有关的是“十年波”和“百年波”。它们具有不同的起波年份、起波期和波峰带,而各期波的优势传播方向和有效作用范围又有所不同。两种波的波峰带相互叠合形成双重波峰区,其中有“塑性流动-地震”网带经过的区段为地震提供必要的能量背景条件,构成能量背景区。对中国大陆1976年震情的检验表明,6.0~7.8级地震共19次,约有90%分布在相应震级范围的能量背景区内 相似文献
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以塑化松香和干凝滑石粉浆分别作为岩石圈延性下层(下地壳及岩石圈地幔)和脆性上层(上部地壳)的相似材料,就亚洲中东部大陆在板块边界推挤作用下的构造变形进行了模拟实验。初步结果表明,本地区在印度板块和菲律宾海板块的推挤下,形成两个塑性流动网络系统,它们控制了岩石圈上层构造变形,在分布格局上大致与地震的网络状分布相对应;东北部可能存在另一规模较小、作用较弱的驱动边界及相应的网络系统,由于它的影响,导致华北北部构造带和地震带的扭曲。实验还表明,大型压性盆地的形成与岩石圈下层稳定块体的存在有关 相似文献
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使用重力资料推断解释地壳深部构造,关键在于浅层影响的消除。作者广泛收集整理了研究区的浅层地质资料,用三维重力正演方法逐层消除其影响,获得了一些较好的结果。在正演计算中发现,一些构造在下第三系以下已基本消失;而另一些构造却在此深度才逐渐显露。我们认为,浅层地质资料越完整准确,则三维重力正演计算的结果也将越好。在地壳深部构造的研究中,此方法与人工地震测深得到的地壳厚度基本一致,而花费却很低廉。它也是研究深浅构造关系的一种好方法。 相似文献
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邢台地震前地壳形变异常的可能性物理机制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
将地壳介质视为麦克斯威尔体 ,运用差分法和三维有限元方法 ,探讨了邢台分层地壳结构模型 (含高速体和低速体及深大断裂 )中深部断裂加速蠕滑时 ,平均应力、水平最大剪应力和地表面垂直位移随时间演化的特征 ,计算结果表明 :(1 )在地壳中上部 1 1km处 ,深部断裂的加速蠕滑急剧加速了水平最大剪应力的增加速率 ,可达数百倍 ,深部断裂的加速蠕滑是邢台强地震成核过程的开始 ,可实现地壳下部的能量向地壳中上部快速转移 ;(2 )深部断裂的加速蠕滑引起的地面垂直位移变化与邢台地震震前的地表面垂直位移变化非常一致 .说明邢台地震震前地壳表面垂直方向的位移不仅与岩石的膨胀有关 ,而且可能与地壳内深部断裂的加速蠕滑密切相关 . 相似文献
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《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)
As is well known that many decollement layers were developed in the Longmenshan thrust belt,Si-chuan Basin,China. Through field investigation,explanation of seismic profiles and analysis of the balanced sections,we can divide the decollement zones into 3 categories: (1) the deep level decolle-ment zones,including the crust-mantle decollement layer,intracrustal decollement layer,and presinian basal decollement layer. The main structural styles of their deformation are the crust-mantle decoup-ling detachment deformation,the basal ductile shear deformation,etc.; (2) the middle level decollement zones,including the Cambrian-Ordovician decollement layer,the Silurian decollement layer,etc.,the main structural styles of their deformation are the isopachous fold,the angular fold,the saddle struc-ture,and the combination styles of them; and (3) the shallow level decollement zones,including the Xujiahe Formation decollement layer of Upper Triassic and the Jurassic decollement layers,the main structural styles of their deformation are the thrust-nappe tectonic,the pop-up,the triangle zone ,the duplex,etc. Multi-level decollement zones not only made the Longmenshan thrust belt develop many different deformation styles from deep place to shallow place,but also made some local areas have the superimposition of the tectonic deformation apparently. This study indicates that the multi-level de-collement zones have a very important effect on the shaping and evolution of the Longmenshan thrust belt. 相似文献
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对龙羊峡水库发生诱发地震可能性的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文用龙羊峡水电站的水压致裂应力测量结果分析了该水库发生诱发地震的可能性。结果表明,该水库库区浅层的应力特点为:S_H>Sh>Sv,具备发生诱发地震的应力条件,但浅部和深部的应力状态可能不同。这给由浅部应力测值推测可能发生的诱发地震的震级的上限带来困难。 相似文献
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干海子滑坡位于大渡河流域,规模巨大。为研究该滑坡的稳定性,在对滑坡基本特征及变形破坏特征等深入研究的基础上,采用极限平衡法(Geo-slope软件)和有限差分法(FLAC-3D软件)对该滑坡的稳定性和应力应变特征进行了计算、模拟。稳定性计算模拟主要从深层、浅层及局部稳定三方面入手分析,计算模拟结果与滑坡的宏观地质现象均具有较高的吻合度。通过对该滑坡定性与定量的稳定性分析,判断其浅层滑体在暴雨工况下将处于极限平衡状态,而深层滑体在地震工况下依旧处于基本稳定状态,所得结论为下一步滑坡防治工作提供了翔实的依据。 相似文献
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利用北京丰台大灰厂观测台站1970——2003年的长期综合观测资料,系统分析了降雨和地下水对北京八宝山断层变形行为的影响. 研究结果表明:当降雨量持续稳定周期性变化,则断层孔隙压也呈稳定周期性变化,断层变形行为也表现出明显的规则周期性变化;当降雨量明显偏低或偏离正常周期性变化,则断层孔隙压周期性消失,断层的变形行为方式也发生改变. 降雨通过改变断层带孔隙压力的变化而影响着八宝山断层的变形行为. 结合该断层已有研究结果,认为降雨和地下水有可能通过改变断层变形行为方式而影响着区域构造应力/应变场的调整. 这一结果将对研究地球浅部流体与固体相互作用提供直接的观测证据. 相似文献
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It is crucial to reveal the surface traces and activity of active faults by obtaining high-precision microtopography and three-dimensional shallow geometry. However, limited by the traditional geological investigation methods in the field and geological condition factors, the measurement method on microtopography and shallow geometry of active fault is badly insufficient. In this study, the TLS and GPR are firstly used comprehensively to delineate the microtopography and shallow geometry of the normal fault scarp on the north margin of Maoyaba Basin in Litang. Firstly, the vertical displacements of two landforms produced by the latest two periods of normal faulting and the two-dimensional GPR profiles are obtained separately. Secondly, the three-dimensional measurement method of active fault based on TLS and GPR is preliminarily established. On this basis, three-dimensional model of fault scarp and three-dimensional images of subsurface geometry are also obtained. These data all reveal a graben structure at normal fault scarps. Thirdly, the fusion and interpretation of three-dimensional data from the surface and subsurface are realized. The study results show:1)the vertical displacements of the T1 and T2 terraces by the normal fault movement is 1.4m and 5.7m, the GPR profile shows a typical fault structure and indicates the existence of small graben structure with a maximum width of about 40m in the shallow layer, which further proves that it is a normal fault. 2)the shallow geometry of the normal fault scarp can be more graphically displayed by the three-dimensional radar images, and it also makes the geometry structure of the fault more comprehensive. The precise location and strike of faults F1 and F2 on the horizontal surface are also determined in the three-dimensional radar images, which further proves the existence of small graben structure, indicating the extensional deformation characteristics in the subsurface of the fault scarps. Furthermore, the distribution of small graben structure on the surface and subsurface is defined more precisely. 3)the integrated display of microgeomorphology and shallow geometry of normal fault scarp is realized based on the three-dimensional point cloud and GPR data. The fusion of the point cloud and GPR data has obvious advantages, for the spatial structure, morphological and spectral features from the point cloud can improve the recognition and interpretation accuracy of GPR images. The interpreted results of the GPR profiles could minimize the transformation of the surface topography by the external environment at the most extent, restore the original geomorphology, relocate the position and trend of faults on the surface and constrain the width of deformation zones under the surface, the geological structure, and the fault dislocation, etc.
In a word, the TLS and GPR can quickly and efficiently provide the spatial data with multi-level and multi-visual for non-destructive inspection of the microgeomorphology and shallow structure for the active fault in a wide range, and for the detection of active fault in the complex geological environments, and it is helpful to improve the accuracy and understanding of the investigation and research on microtopography and shallow geometry of active faults. What's more, it also offers important data and method for more comprehensive identification and understanding of the distribution, deformation features, the behaviors of active faults and multi-period paleoseismicity. Therefore, to continuously explore and improve this method will significantly enhance and expand the practicability and application prospects of the method in the quantitative and elaborate studies of active faults. 相似文献