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1.
Hans Olav Bråtå 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2017,71(5):301-312
The aim of the article is to analyse challenges facing the commercial production of historical beers, which are ‘extinct’ beers. The concept of ‘fictive terroir’ is introduced to emphasize these challenges. The author addresses the following questions: What kind of knowledge is needed to produce historical beers? How can this knowledge be acquired? How can it be used commercially in craft breweries? The studied case is Vossaøl, a craft beer imitation of a beer produced in the early 19th century. The data were obtained from written sources and interviews with local home brewers and brewers at Voss Brewery in Norway. The study revealed the need to reconstruct the terroir in the early 19th century. Additionally, Voss Brewery had to acquire knowledge about how to process and combine the ingredients, which included the traditional yeast (kveik). Involving traditional home brewers was crucial to determine how ingredients could be combined to produce Vossaøl. The author concludes that a synthetic knowledge base was a useful point of departure in this respect. Participation in the traditional culture of brewing proved an important means when working with this knowledge base. The results are interesting in the broader context of the reconstruction of beverages and food. 相似文献
2.
Ann M. Fletchall 《Geographical review》2016,106(4):539-566
Montana's craft brewing industry has grown astronomically in the last few decades and has spawned many breweries with local names and themes. Using Montana's craft breweries as a case study, this paper demonstrates that craft breweries play a significant role in contemporary place‐making. First, brewery and beer names are analyzed to extract several place‐based themes, and it is argued that these perpetuate a particular New West identity for the state. Then, through the lens of tourism and the quest for “authenticity,” surveys of brewery visitors are used to identify the various attractions that drinking craft beer and visiting breweries offer their patrons. Besides the taste of the beer, the local nature of breweries and their community focus prove to be an important draw for brewery visitors and provide the chance to experience the community in a more authentic way, and thus, offer an opportunity to make a meaningful connection with place. This research proves that craft breweries have become an important venue for place‐making, not only in Montana, but in other cities and states with a significant craft‐brewing industry 相似文献
3.
The recent growth in the U.S. brewing industry is remarkable, and the prevailing number of breweries has not been seen since the late nineteenth century. Several studies have shown that beer-producing facilities are spatially uneven across the United States. These previous studies used spatial units, however, such as metropolitan statistical areas, that might bias conclusions. Using a multiscale core-cluster approach, we explicitly identify where significant agglomerations of brewers are located. Our approach offers two refinements to standard cluster detection methods. First, instead of using fixed spatial boundaries, our method allows us to measure the concentration of brewery point locations across a spectrum of spatial scales. Additionally, our approach enables us to account for important underlying factors that influence the location of beer production. We use point data for all U.S. breweries in 2014. Our results show that the localization of beer production is significant and strongest at small spatial scales and diminishes rapidly with increasing distance, after controlling for population. We map the results to show the spatial variation in brewery agglomeration across the United States. 相似文献
4.
哈大高铁对东北城市旅游供需市场的空间效应研究——基于景点可达性的分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文基于GIS技术,以景点可达性为切入点,从市场供需的视角,依据市场供需的影响因素将潜力模型进行分解,得到旅游市场的供给和需求潜力模型。研究发现：①哈大高铁使东北各地到区域内各旅游景点平均时间压缩2.5 h左右,填补了东北一日游市场区的空白,拓展了两日游市场区的范围,形成以高铁为轴,以中心城市为核心,以一日游、两日游及七日游为主要形式,向高铁两侧和中心城市周边依次扩散的圈层+轴带状区域旅游空间形态。②东北城市旅游供需潜力变化均呈现随到高铁距离增加而衰减的现象,促使供需市场向高铁沿线集聚,带动了高铁旅游经济带的形成,并导致东北旅游空间集散特征更加明显。③高铁对短期游(一日游、两日游)供需市场的带动明显好于七日游市场。④基于旅游可达性,以城市为基本单元,根据核心—边缘理论,结合旅游供需潜力发展状况,将东北城市旅游市场区划分为核心区、外围区、过渡区、边缘区4类。本文认为,应以高铁等快速交通方式和旅游枢纽城市为依托,进一步完善旅游景点的交通网络,促进区域旅游供需空间网络的优化与对接。 相似文献
5.
Brett J. Stubbs 《The Australian geographer》2000,31(1):55-73
At the end of the 1880s, eight in ten breweries in the colony of New South Wales were located in country (non-metropolitan) areas, and these accounted for about 25 per cent of total colonial beer production. The number of country breweries experienced a dramatic decline after the 1880s, reaching only two by 1932. This process occurred in three more-or-less discrete stages: until about 1900, when internal restructuring reduced the number from about 65 to about 40; a decade or two after 1900 when, facilitated by the Sydney-centred railway network, city competition further reduced the number; and a period, mainly in the 1920s, typified by takeovers of country by city breweries. Additionally, the elimination of border duties after Federation introduced Melbourne competition to brewers in the southern part of the state. 相似文献
6.
Are online markets replacing or remaking second-hand markets in cities? The restructuring of secondary markets in light of virtual outlets like eBay is not well understood. In this article, we describe secondary markets and their important historic, economic, cultural, and social roles in cities. The literature on e-Commerce suggests that virtual retailers compete with bricks-and-mortar stores and potentially displace them. We question whether the internet can substitute for second-hand stores, which have traditionally relied on a loyal and local customer base, personalized shopping experiences, and surprise encounters. Given the historically embedded nature of exchange, we focus on one large Mid-western city, drawing upon survey and interview data from Chicago retailers. Our exploration of supply, demand, and geographic practices reveals subtle and complex alterations in second-hand exchange, rather than a displacement of second-hand markets by eBay. We also find substantive integration, fluidity, and hybridization within and across market sectors. Rather than supplant the production of new goods, secondary markets are intertwined with and deepen primary markets, calling into question some of the presumed benefits of and meanings associated with second-hand exchange as well as the usefulness of categorical distinctions. [Key words: secondary markets, second-hand, resale, thrift, e-commerce, eBay.] 相似文献
7.
土地问题是我国城中村研究的核心问题。在对珠江三角洲地区城中村进行实地调研的基础上,就城中村主体的行为特征、城中村土地供应和需求的基本特征进行了总结。以理论推导与现实印证相结合的方法,基于经济学中的供求理论,对城中村土地供求变化进行了动态均衡分析。从村庄"内部人"的视角,考察在各种内外部因素变动(征地与留用地,城中村改造,村民城市化转型)的情况下,城中村主体如何实现土地的供应和需求均衡。总体上,城中村土地变化表现为土地需求被动地追随(因征地而发生的)供应减少而下降,以实现供求均衡。具体而言,在城中村形成阶段,供求均衡借助乡村工业化,即农业用地转为工业用地而实现;在城中村存续阶段,存在土地供求的逐渐失衡;在城中村改造阶段,供求均衡最终必须通过城市化,即村民转为市民而实现。 相似文献
8.
使用统计数据和游客生成数据,从公共性和商业性视角评估中国城市儿童游憩供需空间分异,并使用逐步回归与地理加权回归识别影响因素。研究发现：① 中国城市儿童游憩需求和供给呈现胡焕庸线以东高、以西低,需求以首府城市为中心极,供给则以直辖市和旅游城市为中心极;② 中部内陆腹地供给匮乏、西部与东部沿海供给充足,胡焕庸线以东省会城市最匮乏;③ 中心城市高需求引致儿童游憩供给的集聚、虹吸效应,加剧游憩机会的不平等;④ GDP、城镇居民人均可支配收入、高级景区数量、第三产业占比、旅游人次和城镇化率是形成儿童游憩供给空间差异的主要因素。 相似文献
9.
Barney Warf 《The Professional geographer》2001,53(3):398-406
The internationalization of the world's producer services has included the steady expansion of legal services across national borders. This article opens with an examination of the supply and demand factors that have driven this process, including the strategies and problems faced by law firms that operate internationally. It then offers an empirical examination of the distribution of overseas legal services offices of the 700 largest U.S. law firms, including their foreign markets and headquarters cities. 相似文献
10.
中国乡村旅游公共服务水平时空格局与形成机理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于中国30个省（市、自治区）乡村旅游公共服务水平测度,建立贝叶斯时空模型对2006—2017年中国乡村旅游公共服务发展水平、演化速度和加速度的时空分异趋势、影响因素及作用机制进行研究。结果表明：① 全国整体乡村旅游公共服务水平呈现阶段波动上升态势,东中西地区间差异显著,呈现由东至西阶梯递减格局;② 局部趋势上,乡村旅游公共服务发展水平与其发展速度具有正向关联特征,同时加速度增长趋势与其发展速度则呈反向变动特征;③ 乡村旅游公共服务水平时空格局是供给和需求因素共同作用的结果,其中,资源丰度供给是内部驱动力,产业发展供给是向导力量,经济基础供给是核心驱动力,政策制度供给是外部驱动力,客源市场需求是潜在推力,城乡融合需求是双重驱动力,社会需求是非敏感因子。 相似文献
11.
Vanessa Mathews 《Urban geography》2013,34(3):337-356
This paper traces one craft brewery (Mill Street Brewery) across two industrial heritage properties—in Toronto’s Distillery District and Ottawa’s LeBreton Flats—to investigate the extent to which alcohol functions as a catalyst of urban change. Using an analysis of both planning and policy documents, as well as media coverage for the two properties, we explore the role that alcohol plays in recalibrating industrial landscapes into spaces of consumption, and the potential for craft breweries to alter the meanings of industrial heritage. We argue that craft beer works as a vehicle in the manufacture of new spaces of cultural consumption. Specifically, craft beer production and consumption are used to aestheticize the industrial past and pacify resistance to central-city gentrification. 相似文献
12.
快速交通在发展过程中产生的时空收敛效应、产业人口迁往效应以及引致节点城镇有机生长和空间轴线发展,使得特大城市有机疏散的距离、形式发生了相应的调整和变化,开始从内部地域空间依次向外部地域空间进行平面型和立体型有机疏散,而且促进了城镇体系和城乡系统各种要素的流动和整合。由此,不仅实现了特大城市资源要素供给与需求的动态平衡,并且加快了城镇体系的优化和城乡一体化进程。 相似文献
13.
基于珠海实证的城市旅游增长极限分析框架 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
城市旅游是城市的一个开放、高流动的子系统,在一定时期内是相对稳定,有增长极限的。城市旅游增长极限受到供需极限影响,当旅游需求超过供给时,出现过度旅游;而当供给超过需求,就会导致过度旅游化。城市旅游需求增长极限呈现阶梯式,只有当影响城市旅游需求增长的长期因素发生持续重大变化时,城市旅游需求增长才可能突破原有的极限,进入一个新的阶段。城市旅游需求极限规定了城市旅游供给极限,决定了城市在一定时期内适合开发的景区、酒店、餐饮、购物等旅游设施规模。本文基于珠海的实证分析表明,过去十几年,由于旅游供需两方面影响因素缺乏持续重大的变化,城市功能和地位、城市主题和特色等因素相对稳定,加之受到区域其他城市的激烈竞争,珠海中高端旅游需求相对稳定,星级酒店等中高端旅游产品面临增长极限。此时,新增旅游景区和星级酒店并不会带来过夜旅游需求的实质增长,反而可能加剧现阶段旅游供需的失衡,造成过度旅游化。本文也讨论了超越旅游极限的条件以及旅游增长与旅游发展的关系,并进一步建议了旅游统计的改革举措。 相似文献
14.
以30个省会城市为研究对象,从宏观尺度揭示中国城市的网络团购市场供给规模与需求潜力的协调性特征。结果表明:团购市场供给规模较大的城市主要集中在中国东部和西部地区;东部地区城市的供给规模和需求潜力的协调发展程度整体较好,供需失调现象明显的城市主要集中在西北地区;团购市场供给规模及其与需求潜力的协调性均遵循以经济发展水平为标尺的等级式扩张路径。餐饮、娱乐和旅游酒店3类团购市场供给规模相对需求潜力表现出了较明显的过剩现象。城市经济发展水平是团购市场供需协调发展的根本动力,团购市场供给规模和需求潜力水平是团购市场协调发展的直接动力。 相似文献
15.
用水计划与水价对华北工业企业用水的影响--以河北省为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
工业是仅次于农业的用水大户,其用水的规模、方式和效率直接影响着华北地区总的用水需求。在对华北地区工业企业问卷调查的基础上,就影响企业效益的主要因素、用水计划对企业用水的影响、水费占总成本的比例、企业对目前和未来水价的看法、企业对提高水价的意愿、企业应对水价上涨的策略、企业对节水的态度和采取的节水措施等问题进行了分析。结果表明:用水计划对限制企业的用水有明显的作用;提高水价也有明显促进企业节水的效应。并选择了两个万元产值耗水量差别大的典型企业,对其13年来的用水情况进行了分析,验证了用水计划和水价对企业用水行为的影响效果。 相似文献
16.
Bringing Time Back In: A Study on the Influence of Travel Time Variations and Facility Opening Hours on Individual Accessibility 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Although recent studies of individual accessibility have used detailed representations of urban street networks, unrealistic measures of travel time based on assumptions about constant travel speeds through the network were often used. Utilizing constant travel times does not allow for daily congestion and assumes that the effects of congestion are uniform throughout the city and affect all people equally. This research measures individual space‐time accessibility in order to show that the incorporation of locally specific travel times within a street network allows a significant increase in the ability to realistically evaluate individual accessibility within cities. The results show that the accessibility of individuals within cities is not homogenous, and neither does access to employment or shopping opportunities vary according to common expectations about urban form and human behavior. Instead, the role of distance in predicting accessibility variations within cities is quite limited. This article also shows that incorporating time into accessibility measures in the form of congestion and business hours leads to additional (and highly spatially uneven) reductions in accessibility, revealing that the temporal dimension is very important to accurately assessing individual accessibility. 相似文献
17.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):226-240
Although recent studies of individual accessibility have used detailed representations of urban street networks, unrealistic measures of travel time based on assumptions about constant travel speeds through the network were often used. Utilizing constant travel times does not allow for daily congestion and assumes that the effects of congestion are uniform throughout the city and affect all people equally. This research measures individual space-time accessibility in order to show that the incorporation of locally specific travel times within a street network allows a significant increase in the ability to realistically evaluate individual accessibility within cities. The results show that the accessibility of individuals within cities is not homogenous, and neither does access to employment or shopping opportunities vary according to common expectations about urban form and human behavior. Instead, the role of distance in predicting accessibility variations within cities is quite limited. This article also shows that incorporating time into accessibility measures in the form of congestion and business hours leads to additional (and highly spatially uneven) reductions in accessibility, revealing that the temporal dimension is very important to accurately assessing individual accessibility. 相似文献
18.
以河北石家庄市为例,运用企业问卷调查和重点企业访谈等方法,探讨京津冀地区次中心城市高新技术产业发展的动力缺陷.研究发现,资本、人才和技术等资源缺乏直接导致次中心城市难以依靠内力实现自主发展.由于不具备集群优势和要素价格优势,次中心城市成为中心城市产业扩散的"真空地带",因而缺乏足够的外力驱动.然而,次中心城市还要受到中心城市极化效应的影响,有限的高级要素资源大量外流.这种内外乏力的状况具有深厚的文化制度背景,与市场经济发展不相适应的地方制度安排不仅降低资源配置与利用的效率,还阻碍外部资源便捷通畅地进入.定向引进资本、推进制度创新、培养企业家精神以及扶持焦点企业等是未来改进的关键. 相似文献
19.
星级仓库区位认识对优化城市仓储空间和合理配置仓储用地资源有重要意义。以2008-2014年237个中国星级仓库为样本,综合运用区位关系识别、距离测度和典型案例分析等方法,揭示地域、行业、职能分异与星级仓库区位选择行为相互关系,阐明了不同等级城市的星级仓库区位统计规律,以及物流职能、交通圈层结构与星级仓库区位形成的内在作用机制。研究表明：①星级仓库分布于4个直辖市、22个副省级和省会城市、37个地级市、24个县/县级市,不同等级城市平均拥有星级仓库数分别为16.5、4.77、1.78和1.58个,呈“倒三角形”分布形态;行业分布呈现“通用和大宗仓储分散、专业性仓库集中”特征;办公和经营场所区位呈“共用和分离相对均衡”特征;②星级仓库区位受“供给+需求”共同驱动,省会及以上城市具有公共服务职能的星级仓库区位总体呈“近郊—远郊”布局模式,地级市以自营服务职能为主的星级仓库总体呈“中心—边缘”布局模式;③城市等级与星级仓库物流距离成正比且存在明显的类型分异,其中公私兼营和自营仓储型仓库受母公司区位影响,郊区化趋势滞后于提供公共服务的地产租赁和公共仓储型仓库。 相似文献
20.
选择长三角为研究区,构建生态空间质量评价体系,结合可达性分析、统计分析方法,通过人口、GDP、土地开发强度反映生态需求程度,分析生态空间质量的空间分布和生态空间满足人类需求程度的空间分异及演变特征。结果表明:(1)通过融合可达性分析、统计分析方法建立的生态空间供需平衡指数,能很好地识别生态空间供需“短板”。(2)长三角生态空间质量从北向南逐渐升高,1995—2015年生态空间质量较差的区域从各大城市中心部分扩大到城市周边地区。(3)长三角生态空间供需平衡的空间分布具有明显的时空差异,供给不足的区域主要是在经济和城市化发展较快的城市,供大于需的区域主要是在生态高质量区域。 相似文献