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易静 《高原山地气象研究》2003,23(3)
以万州为例对三峡库区腹心地带春季和秋季低温,春季、初夏、盛夏、秋季和冬季绵雨的发生情况进行了分析,并对低温和绵雨的变化趋势进行了讨论,指出:20世纪70年代以来,春季低温有加重的趋势,而秋季低温则明显减轻;除盛夏绵雨没什么变化外,其它季节绵雨均呈减少的趋势. 相似文献
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利用贵州76个测站1961—2017年秋季(9—11月)逐日雨量和美国国家环境预报中心/大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析资料,借助线性趋势、Mann-Kendall检验、合成分析等方法,对贵州秋季绵雨时空变化和同期典型重、轻绵雨年环流特征进行了分析。结果表明:近60 a贵州秋季绵雨量和绵雨日数呈线性减少趋势,小雨对绵雨贡献率最大; 11月绵雨日数突变发生在1986年前后,1961—1986年为偏多时段,1987—2017年为偏少时段。贵州秋季绵雨从西、西北向东、东南呈递减分布并分析了典型重绵雨年和轻绵雨年的环流特征。 相似文献
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贵州秋绵雨天气的气候及环流特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用贵州省1951～1998年秋季绵雨日数、北半球500hPa高度场格点资料分析全省秋绵雨的气候特征及典型重绵雨年的环流特征。在实时预报业务中具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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近50年黄河流域降水量及雨日的气候变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1961-2010年黄河流域143个测站降水量和雨日资料,分析了黄河流域年、季降水和雨日的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)多年平均年降水量和年雨日空间分布特征均呈北少南多。(2)年降水量和年雨日变化趋势相一致,二者均呈减少趋势,年降水量负趋势的测站数达81.8%,年雨日负趋势达88.8%,即年雨日较年降水的减少趋势更显著。(3)在季节变化方面,除冬季外,春、夏和秋季的降水量和雨日都是负趋势,特别是秋季减少最显著。四季降水量通过显著性水平检验的负趋势站数从多到少依次为秋季春季夏季冬季,雨日则为秋季夏季春季冬季。(4)流域年降水和年雨日一致突变点为1985-1986年,其降水量及雨日减少主要原因是大气环流发生了变化,1986年以前黄河流域降水和雨日偏多是由于季风较强,使水汽得到有效输送和河套西北部的风向辐合造成的,而突变后降水和雨日减少与季风偏弱、缺乏有效的水汽输送和蒙古至河套的反气旋环流有关。 相似文献
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ENSO事件对我国季节降水和温度的影响 总被引：82，自引：11，他引：82
对近40年来ENSO当年和次年我国季节降水和温度异常进行了合成分析和信度检验。结果表明，ENSO当年我国以少雨、低温为主，次年则相反。降水和温度异常季节变化也基本呈相反趋势。长江中下游地区显著降水异常并不发生在夏季，而在ENSO当年春、秋季和次年春季；东北地区最显著的低温也不在夏季，而在ENSO当年秋季至次年春季。根据本文结果对目前ENSO影响研究中的有关问题提出了看法。 相似文献
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利用1960～1997年赫章站资料对10月份绵雨发生的频率、次数和强度等气候特征进行了统计,并结合相关气象知识列出预报绵雨的思路,提出预报方法.分析指出,用6月份14时气压曲线作10月份绵雨趋势预报,效果较好. 相似文献
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本文较详细地分析了一九九五年春季吉林省及各地、市天气趋势，天气特点及其对国民经济的影响，分析了春季北半球大气环流特征，大气环流对５月低温多雨天气的影响。 相似文献
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《贵州气象》2017,(4)
基于台江县气象观测站1970年1月—2015年12月逐年、逐月降雨量、雨日资料,采用线性趋向、累计距平等方法分析了台江县年、季降雨量和雨日变化趋势,结果表明:台江县近46 a年平均降雨量呈减少趋势,雨日显减少趋势,除暴雨及以上量级雨量呈增加趋势外,其余量级为减少趋势,降雨量、雨日及量级雨量的趋势均说明降雨越来越集中,发生强降雨的频率在增大,从而易引发的气象灾害将对人类的生产和生活产生不利的影响;四季降雨量和降雨日数分布不均且呈减少趋势,其中春季和秋季降雨日数呈显著减少趋势,且夏和秋两季出现强降雨的频率较大,秋季降雨量及降雨日数减少趋势率均为最大,秋旱发生的概率相对增大;年平均夜间降雨量大于年平均白天降雨量,在春季的4月最为明显,降雨强度夜间大于白天;逐年降雨侵蚀力及其降雨引起的土壤侵蚀潜能呈增加趋势。 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
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准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
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The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献