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洞室和围岩温度对泄洪洞衬砌混凝土温度和温度应力影响研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以溪洛渡无压泄洪洞为研究对象,采用三维有限单元方法对不同洞室环境温度和围岩温度情况下的施工过程进行仿真模拟,通过比较底板、边墙和顶拱不同衬砌部位的最高温度、最大内表温差、最低温度、早期和冬季最大拉应力等,对洞室环境温度和围岩温度的变化对泄洪洞衬砌混凝土温度和温度应力,以及温度裂缝发生、发展与控制的影响进行分析。结果表明,洞室气温和围岩温度对衬砌混凝土的温度场和应力场均有明显的影响。在冬季施工衬砌混凝土更容易产生早期裂缝,夏季施工时既要防止早期裂缝,也要注意防止冬季裂缝。围岩温度低时,衬砌围岩侧混凝土拉应力明显增大,但对表面和中心的应力影响很小,因而对温度裂缝的发生影响很小。研究成果为隧洞工程衬砌混凝土的设计和施工提供有价值的参考。 相似文献
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考虑非线性徐变的混凝土温度裂缝扩展过程模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
混凝土温度应力超过相应龄期的抗拉强度一半时,混凝土的徐变变形不再与应力呈线性关系。采用一个混凝土非线性徐变模型来进行混凝土的温度应力计算,并给出了相应的算法。同时,吸取无网格方法在裂缝扩展模拟方面的优势,采用无网格方法对混凝土的温度裂缝过程进行了仿真计算。数值算例计算结果表明,所编制的无网格法程序具有较好的收敛性和可靠性,能够有效地模拟混凝土块在温度应力作用下的开裂发展过程,考虑混凝土非线性徐变效应后,在开裂时刻混凝土急剧增加的非线性徐变变形缓和了缝端的温度拉应力,使得相同龄期混凝土的裂缝深度和扩展速率要比只考虑混凝土线性徐变要小一些。 相似文献
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随着高层建筑和工业建筑的发展,大型的筏式基础、箱形基础、桩基承台以及大型的设备基础,一般是大体积混凝土,在施工过程中都有一个温度控制和温度应力问题,这些问题如果解决不好,都会引起混凝土表面裂缝和收缩裂缝的发生。为了解决这个问题我们通过分析原因、现场实践得出一些实际有效的措施。 相似文献
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混凝土膨胀剂具有补偿混凝土干燥收缩的效果,但在地下室防水混凝土工程中,使用效果不理想,存在掺加膨胀剂后地下室底板和外墙出现混凝土开裂渗漏的现象。本文从设计源头,力求全面地、准确有效地提出解决措施。 相似文献
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大体积混凝土温度裂缝扩展过程模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大体积混凝土的温度裂缝是关系到水电工程中混凝土大坝安全的重要问题,它贯穿混凝土坝的施工期直至运行期。重点探讨了应用无网格法求解大体积混凝土温度裂缝扩展过程的模拟方法。无网格法采用节点来离散求解域,特别适用于裂缝开裂过程的模拟。结合混凝土热传导问题推导了伽辽金无网格方法控制方程和基本算法步骤,编制了混凝土温度场计算和温度裂缝扩展过程模拟的无网格法程序,通过具体的算例验证了所编制的伽辽金无网格程序的正确性。数值算例的计算结果表明,无网格法能够有效地模拟混凝土块在温度应力作用下的开裂发展过程,计算结果符合大体积混凝土块在均匀温降和基础强约束条件下的裂缝分布规律。 相似文献
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大体积混凝土防裂控制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以工程实践为例, 介绍了大体积混凝土裂缝控制的措施和计算方法,并以理论计算为依据,根据不同的施工条件,进行方案比选.提出了施工中采取内外温差和温度应力双控来确保大体积混凝土质量的方法. 相似文献
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主要对碾压混凝土重力坝的温控防裂措施进行分析,总结了混凝土重力坝裂缝产生的原因,详细阐述温控分析情况和防裂措施,具体内容有:优化配合比设计、严格控制混凝土温度、混凝土的养护和表面保护、加强施工管理,从而降低混凝土重力坝出现裂缝的几率,提高重力坝的施工质量,防止其出现经济损失。 相似文献
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CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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Julie Okpala 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):37-43
This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics,
students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional
nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students.
The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status
in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs. 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
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Takeshi Nose Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):261-276
Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry. 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。 相似文献
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