共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
超临界二氧化碳（ScCO2）–H2O–煤地球化学反应可造成煤物理结构和化学结构的改变,对煤层注CO2增采甲烷的有效性尤为关键。为了探讨ScCO2-H2O-煤反应对不同变质程度煤化学结构的影响,选择3个不同煤化程度煤样,在自主研制的ScCO2-H2O-煤地球化学反应模拟实验装置中模拟1000m埋深条件下煤样与ScCO2和去离子水反应240h,并对反应前后的煤样分别进行了X射线衍射和拉曼光谱实验,对比分析了反应前后煤样晶体结构和碳有序度的变化特征。测试结果表明:ScCO2-H2O反应破坏了煤的晶体完整性和碳有序度,改变了煤的大分子结构,且对低阶煤和中–高阶煤具有不同的影响,反应提高了低阶煤的平行定向程度,使其结构更加紧凑,减小了面网间距,而使中–高阶煤中无序单元增加,面网间距增大。该研究结果为CO2-ECBM项目实施中ScCO2-H2O作用对煤储层吸附解吸特征和孔渗特征影响的研究奠定了微观尺度基础。 相似文献
2.
致密岩石的孔隙结构特征对CO2和水之间的驱替行为以及CO2相的流动特征具有重要影响,且残余水饱和度最终将影响碳封存的效率和安全性,因此,深入探究致密岩芯CO2-H2O两相驱替特征具有重要意义。利用取自鄂尔多斯盆地深部储层的天然低渗透岩芯,利用核磁共振(NMR)及磁共振成像(MRI)技术对其内部的气液两相驱替特征及其影响因素进行了可视化研究。在将岩芯孔隙结构进行定性和定量化表征后,可知不同的驱替模式与岩芯孔隙结构密切相关：具有较强非均质性和各向异性的岩芯更有利于指进现象的发生,具有较大孔隙度和较高渗透率的岩芯则呈现活塞式驱替模式。指进现象有助于气相的运移,会造成气相的提前突破,导致较高的残余水饱和度及较低的驱替效率。 相似文献
3.
盐渍土的盐性是决定盐渍土地区工程治理方案所必须考虑的一个重要因素。目前盐性鉴定的方法多局限于确定单一化合物晶体,但对于自然界常是两种以上化合物共存的情况,分析鉴定还不多见。本文针对试验配制的硫酸钠、氯化钠共存的水溶液在25℃和10℃等温条件下,采用正交偏光显微镜、差热分析仪和X—衍射仪,对其固相晶体进行鉴定识别并得到如下结论: 1.在硫酸钠、氯化钠固相共存的条件下,它们各自仍保留原化合物的部分物理、热学和光学特性,仍能采用差热分析、偏光显微镜、X—衍射的方法对其进行鉴别。 2.在正交偏光显微镜下,这两种化合物共存的固相晶型与单一化合物的固相晶型光学性质略有不同,但仍存有单一化合物晶型的部分光学性质,由此能定性地进行固相鉴别。 3.利用差热分析仪和X 衍射试验表明,这两种化合物共存的固相吸热峰值、衍射峰值与单一化合物固相吸热峰值和衍射峰值有所变化,但仍有其一定的变化规律并能以此定性和半定量的鉴别哪种化合物存在与否及两者的近似比例。 相似文献
4.
原位低温拉曼光谱技术在人工合成CaCl_2-H_2O和MgCl_2-H_2O体系流体包裹体分析中的应用Ⅰ:低温拉曼光谱研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用原位低温拉曼光谱分析技术,对在设定的实验条件下合成的CaCl2-H2O体系和MgCl2-H2O体系的流体包裹体进行分析研究,结果表明低温下CaCl2水溶液和MgCl2水溶液形成的盐水合物具有各自不同的特征拉曼光谱,通过测定特征光谱,能够简易直接的鉴定这些物质,进而确定盐水体系包裹体的成分.因此,原位低温拉曼光谱技术,能够有效地测定Ca2+和Mg2+这两种盐水体系包裹体流体中常见,但显微测温过程难以观察和判别的二价阳离子.实践表明,原位低温拉曼光谱分析技术是对传统的流体包裹体显微测温技术的一个十分有效的补充,在包裹体研究领域会得到越来越广泛的应用. 相似文献
5.
利用原位低温拉曼光谱分析技术,对在设定的实验条件下合成的CaCl2-H2O体系和CaCl2-H2O体系的流体包裹体进行分析研究,结果表明低温下CaCl2水溶液和CaCl2水溶液形成的盐水合物具有各自不同的特征拉曼光谱,通过测定特征光谱,能够简易直接的鉴定这些物质,进而确定盐水体系包裹体的成分。因此,原位低温拉曼光谱技术,能够有效地测定Ca^2＋和Mg^2＋这两种盐水体系包裹体流体中常见,但显微测温过程难以观察和判别的二价阳离子。实践表明,原位低温拉曼光谱分析技术是对传统的流体包裹体显微测温技术的一个十分有效的补充,在包裹体研究领域会得到越来越广泛的应用。 相似文献
6.
Thermodynamic analysis of the system Na2O-K2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-F2O–1 provides phase equilibria and solidus compatibilities of rock-forming silicates and fluorides in evolved granitic systems and associated hydrothermal processes. The interaction of fluorine with aluminosilicate melts and solids corresponds to progressive fluorination of their constituent oxides by the thermodynamic component F2O–1. The chemical potential (F2O–1) buffered by reaction of the type: MOn/2 (s)+n/2 [F2O–1]=MFn (s, g) where M=K, Na, Ca, Al, Si, explains the sequential formation of fluorides: carobbiite, villiaumite, fluorite, AlF3, SiF4 as well as the common coexistence of alkali- and alkali-earth fluorides with rock-forming aluminosilicates. Formation of fluorine-bearing minerals first starts in peralkaline silica-undersaturated, proceeds in peraluminous silica-oversaturated compositions and causes progressive destabilization of nepheline, albite and quartz, in favour of villiaumite, cryolite, topaz, chiolite. Additionally, it implies the increase of buffered fluorine solubilities in silicate melts or aqueous fluids from peralkaline silica-undersaturated to peraluminous silica-oversaturated environments. Subsolidus equilibria reveal several incompatibilities: (i) topaz is unstable with nepheline or villiaumite; (ii) chiolite is not compatible with albite because it only occurs only at very high F2O–1 levels. The stability of topaz, fluorite, cryolite and villiaumite in natural felsic systems is related to their peralkalinity (peraluminosity), calcia and silica activity, and linked by corresponding chemical potentials to rock-forming mineral buffers. Villiaumite is stable in strongly peralkaline and Ca-poor compositions (An<0.001). Similarly, cryolite stability requires coexistence with nearly-pure albite (An<2). Granitic rocks with Ca-bearing plagioclase (An>5) saturate with topaz or fluorite. Crystallization of topaz is restricted to peraluminous conditions, consistent with the presence of Li-micas or anhydrous aluminosilicates (cordierite, garnet, andalusite). Fluorite is predicted to be stable in peraluminous biotite granites, amphibole-, clinopyroxene- or titanite-bearing calc-alkaline suites as well as in peralkaline granitic and syenitic rocks. Fluorine concentrations in felsic melts buffered by the coexistence of F-bearing minerals and feldspars increase from peralkaline through metaluminous to mildly peraluminous compositions. At low-temperature conditions, the hydrothermal evolution of peraluminous granitic and greisen systems is controlled by white mica-feldspar-fluoride equilibria. With decreasing temperature, topaz gradually breaks down via: (i) (OH)F–1 substitution and fluorine transfer to fluorite by decalcification of plagioclase below 600 °C, (ii) formation of muscovite and additional fluorite at 475–315 °C, and (iii) formation of paragonite and cryolite, consuming F-rich topaz and albite below 315 °C. These equilibria explain the absence of magmatic fluorite in Ca-bearing topaz granitic rocks; its abundance in hydrothermal rocks is due to: (i) closed-system defluorination of topaz, (ii) open-system decalcification of plagioclase or (iii) hydrolytic alteration. These results provide a complete framework for the investigation of fluorine-bearing mineral stabilities in felsic igneous suites.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.Editorial responsibility: T.L. Grove 相似文献
7.
8.
流体包裹体盐度低温拉曼光谱测定方法研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
氯盐溶液作为流体包裹体中最普遍和最重要的盐水化合物,是测定包裹体盐水溶液含盐度的主要溶质,但由于其强离子键化合物的分子特性在常温、常压下没有拉曼效应,拉曼光谱测试无法获取氯盐的有效特征信息,使得利用拉曼光谱研究流体包裹体分子组分及含盐度的方法存在严重缺陷。本文联合利用激光拉曼光谱探针和冷热台,原位采集了不同盐度的NaCl-H2O和CaCl2-H2O标准盐水溶液在低温下(-185℃)形成的冰、NaCl水合物和CaCl2水合物的拉曼光谱,分析了不同盐度标准盐水溶液形成的水合物拉曼特征峰的变化规律,尝试建立流体包裹体盐度低温拉曼光谱测定方法。分析表明,NaCl水合物约3425 cm-1拉曼特征峰与冰约3120 cm-1拉曼特征峰峰面积比值和配制的NaCl-H2O标准溶液盐度呈良好的正相关(r2=0.9995),CaCl2水合物约3431 cm-1拉曼特征峰与冰约3120 cm-1拉曼特征峰峰面积比值也和配制的CaCl2-H2O标准溶液盐度呈较好的正相关(r2=0.9458)。利用愈合人工水晶法合成的NaCl-H2O和CaCl2-H2O包裹体标样检验了用上述方法低温测定流体包裹体盐度的可靠性,结果表明该技术用于盐度大于0.5 mol/L的NaCl-H2O体系流体包裹体时,数据精度好于20%;用于盐度大于0.5 mol/L的CaCl2-H2O体系流体包裹体时,数据精度最高可达5%,完全可达到半定量-定量测定的要求。研究还发现,包裹体内压可能对低温拉曼光谱测定流体包裹体盐度影响不大,分析中获得的冰拉曼特征峰的拉曼位移(约3120 cm-1)与前人略有差异,可能与实验条件下获得的冰的多型不同有关。与国内外同行的研究结果比较,本研究更加注重该项实验技术的实际应用,通过对不同体系盐水溶液系列进行拉曼光谱实验分析,对实验条件和方法进行不断优化,在确定流体体系的同时实现了包裹体盐水溶液盐度半定量-定量测定,准确度优于传统方法,并且该方法具有很强的实用性。 相似文献
9.
世界上很多海域中的现代碳酸盐沉积正在形成,如巴哈马滩、美国的佛罗里达湾、古巴的巴塔诺湾、中东的波斯湾等地,以及丹麦的某些近海地区。产于这些海域中的现代碳酸盐沉积物,其矿物组成主要是文石,其次为镁方解石,纯方解石较少,现代白云石沉积更为少见。我国的现代碳酸盐沉积见于南海诸岛及海南岛的沿海地带。作者曾利用粉晶照相鉴定了采自我国南海二十余种珊瑚、瓣鳃类、腹足类、有孔虫等现代海相生物壳体的物相,发现除有孔虫和海胆壳是由镁方解石构成外,其余生物壳体皆由文石构成。 相似文献
10.
西大别造山带红安高压榴辉岩主要矿物为石榴石、绿辉石、冻蓝闪石、石英和绿帘石,有时可见蓝闪石、多硅白云母和钠云母。石榴石具有生长环带且边缘成分变化大,可分为代表峰期的Ⅰ型边（XMg高、Grs低）和受退变质改造的Ⅱ型边（XMg低、Grs高）。石榴石内蓝闪石包体发育冻蓝闪石退变边,说明包体不能完全反映进变质条件。基质绿辉石比包体绿辉石Jd含量低,在一个晶体内成分有明显变化和沿解理缝发育冻蓝闪石,显示峰后绿辉石有成分变化和退变质改造。基质中冻蓝闪石晶体较大,核部见有蓝闪石残留,说明二者有成因联系。冻蓝闪石和绿辉石都发育后成合晶结构,石榴石有韭闪石的反应冠状体。在THERMOCALC程序计算的P-T视剖面图中,石榴石Ⅰ型边反映的峰期P-T条件为2.4~2.6GPa、570~585℃,和基质中多硅白云母Si含量等值线限定范围一致,对应硬柱石蓝闪石榴辉岩组合。石榴石Ⅱ型边P-T范围为1.9~2.4GPa、530~570℃,低于峰期条件。在可能的峰后降压过程中,岩石先后主要经历了硬柱石脱水生成绿帘石和蓝闪石、绿辉石退变为冻蓝闪石的反应阶段。绿辉石、冻蓝闪石发育的后成合晶说明晚期退变过程缺乏流体,石榴石的韭闪石冠状体也可能在该阶段产生,都受局部成分域控制。红安高压榴辉岩中各矿物与成分代表不同变质阶段,称其为冻蓝闪石榴辉岩只是对现有主要组成矿物的描述,不是基于共生关系的严格岩石学命名。 相似文献
11.
氧化亚氮(N2O)是一种重要的温室气体,对臭氧层具有破坏作用。在微藻培养过程中以及富营养化湖泊等以微藻为基础的生态系统中,已经观察到N2O的排放。然而,对于藻类中N2O收支平衡的重要作用以及潜在的藻类N2O产生途径却鲜有报道。综述了近年来藻类排放和吸收N2O的相关研究,主要内容包括藻类与N2O关系研究的发展历程、N2O在藻类体内产生和消耗的几种可能途径、藻类微环境对N2O分布格局的影响及其潜在的对全球气候变化的影响。鉴于政府间气候变化专门委员会目前没有考虑藻类水华或藻类养殖期间可能产生N2O排放,呼吁在全球范围内加强藻类N2O生产相关的实验研究,为全面理清藻类在N2O排放和吸收中的重要作用,全面评估水生生态系统温室气体排放提供支撑。 相似文献
12.
采用等温溶解平衡法开展了三元体系K+,Mg2+∥B4O72--H2O 348K的稳定相平衡研究,获得溶解度数据及平衡液相的密度,折光率,pH值。根据溶解度数据绘制了三元体系稳定相图。该三元体系在348K时的稳定相图含有一个共饱点E、两条单变量曲线AE,BE和两个结晶相区MgB4O7.9H2O(AECA)和K2B4O7·4H2O(BEDB)。共饱点的平衡固相组成为MgB4O7·9H2O和K2B4O7·4H2O,对应的平衡液相组成为w(K2B4O7)=42.28%、w(MgB4O7)=8.11%。研究结果表明,该三元体系属于简单共饱和型,无复盐和固溶体形成。K2B4O7·4H2O和MgB4O7·9H2O互相存在盐溶作用,使得这两种盐的溶解度明显增大。平衡液相的密度、折光率均随溶液中K2B4O7质量分数的增大而增大。 相似文献
13.
采用等温溶解平衡法研究了288K时Li+, Mg2+//SO2-4, B4O2-7- H2O四元体系的固液相平衡关系,测定了该四元体系在288K时平衡液相的溶解度和密度。依据实验测定的平衡溶解度数据及对应的平衡固相,绘制了该四元体系的平衡相图及密度组成图。研究结果表明：交互四元体系Li+, Mg2+//SO2-4, B4O2-7- H2O 288K时平衡相图中有2个共饱点,5条单变量曲线,4个结晶区对应的平衡固相分别为Li2B4O7·3H2O,Li2SO4·H2O,MgB4O7·9H2O和MgSO4·7H2O。 相似文献
14.
Astrid Holzheid Marina V. Charykova Vladimir G. Krivovichev Brendan Ledwig Elena L. Fokina Ksenia L. Poroshina Natalia V. Platonova Vladislav V. Gurzhiy 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2018,78(2):228-240
Any progress in our understanding of low-temperature mineral assemblages and of quantitative physico-chemical modeling of stability conditions of mineral phases, especially those containing toxic elements like selenium, strongly depends on the knowledge of structural and thermodynamic properties of coexisting mineral phases. Interrelation of crystal chemistry/structure and thermodynamic properties of selenium-containing minerals is not systematically studied so far and thus any essential generalization might be difficult, inaccurate or even impossible and erroneous. Disagreement even exists regarding the crystal chemistry of some natural and synthetic selenium-containing phases. Hence, a systematic study was performed by synthesizing ferric selenite hydrates and subsequent thermal analysis to examine the thermal stability of synthetic analogues of the natural hydrous ferric selenite mandarinoite and its dehydration and dissociation to unravel controversial issues regarding the crystal chemistry. Dehydration of synthesized analogues of mandarinoite starts at 56–87?°C and ends at 226–237?°C. The dehydration happens in two stages and two possible schemes of dehydration exist: (a) mandarinoite loses three molecules of water in the first stage of the dehydration (up to 180?°C) and the remaining two molecules of water will be lost in the second stage (>180?°C) or (b) four molecules of water will be lost in the first stage up to 180?°C and the last molecule of water will be lost at a temperature above 180?°C. Based on XRD measurements and thermal analyses we were able to deduce Fe2(SeO3)3·(6-x)H2O (x?=?0.0–1.0) as formula of the hydrous ferric selenite mandarinoite. The total amount of water apparently affects the crystallinity, and possibly the stability of crystals: the less the x value, the higher crystallinity could be expected. 相似文献
15.
16.
N2-CH4（CO2）混合气体在线标样制备及其拉曼定量因子测定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用混合气体的标准样品对激光拉曼探针进行标定,可以快速准确地对包裹体中的无机及有机气相组分进行定量分析。而常用的商用钢瓶装混合气体标样,存在费用高、气体组成单一固定等缺点。本文设计了一套在线标样制备装置,提出一种在线配置不同浓度和压力条件下混合气体标样的方法。利用高纯度(纯度99.999%)的N2、CH4以及CO2钢瓶气,经过在线混合增压,在5 MPa和10 MPa条件下制备了N2摩尔分数为30%、50%和70%的N2-CH4以及N2-CO2混合气体在线标样。该方法制备的标样与70%N2+30%CO2的商用钢瓶气标样对比表明,CO2与N2的拉曼相对峰高以及相对峰面积值的误差在4%以内,具有较高的准确度和重现性。通过不同压力和浓度条件下CH4以及CO2的拉曼相对定量因子测定表明,气体的相对定量因子在5~10 MPa压力条件下与压力及组成无关。地质样品应用结果表明,本方法可以方便、灵活、准确地按任意比例将两瓶及两瓶以上纯气体钢瓶样品进行混合及增压,为激光拉曼标定、气体组成原位测量等提供了一种新的技术思路。 相似文献
17.
国外学者自80年代起利用原位低温拉曼测定技术在国际上首先开展地质领域感兴趣的几种盐水化合物研究以来,原位低温拉曼测定技术已经成功地用于对人工合成和自然界盐水体系流体包裹体的研究,在流体相中盐类的鉴定、低温相平衡及盐度研究等方面取得了显著成果。该方法是对传统的流体包裹体显微测温方法的重要补充,正在成为国际上流体包裹体研究的一个新的热点,在地质流体研究方面具有非常广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
18.
我們在前一篇文章里曾討論了Ca2+-HPO42--F1--H2O体系中氟对磷酸盐矿物形成影响的若干方面。为了使該項模拟試驗工作更符合于表生作用条件,我們在叶連俊教授的指导下,在上述实驗体系中增加了一个組分--HCO31-,进行了Ca2+-HPO42--HCO31-F1--H2O体系的試驗研究。其目的为进一步探索在合有HCO31-組分的体系中氟对磷酸盐矿物形成的影响,以及CO32-能否进入磷灰石晶格和磷酸盐矿物与碳酸盐矿物的沉积分异順序等問題。 相似文献
19.
I. V. Pekov N. V. Zubkova Ya. E. Filinchuk N. V. Chukanov A. E. Zadov D. Yu. Pushcharovsky E. R. Gobechiya 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2010,52(8):767-777
New minerals, shlykovite and cryptophyllite, hydrous Ca and K phyllosilicates, have been identified in hyperalkaline pegmatite
at Mount Rasvumchorr, Khibiny alkaline pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. They are the products of low-temperature hydrothermal
activity and are associated with aegirine, potassium feldspar, nepheline, lamprophyllite, eudialyte, lomonosovite, lovozerite,
tisinalite, shcherbakovite, shafranovskite, ershovite, and megacyclite. Shlykovite occurs as lamellae up to 0.02 × 0.02 ×
0.5 mm in size or fibers up to 0.5 mm in length usually combined in aggregates up to 3 mm in size, crusts, and parallel-columnar
veinlets. Cryptophyllite occurs as lamellae up to 0.02 × 0.1 × 0.2 mm in size intergrown with shlykovite being oriented parallel
to {001} or chaotically arranged. Separate crystals of the new minerals are transparent and colorless; the aggregates are
beige, brownish, light cream, and pale yellowish-grayish. The cleavage is parallel to (001) perfect. The Mohs hardness of
shlykovite is 2.5–3. The calculated densities of shlykovite and cryptophyllite are 2.444 and 2.185 g/cm3, respectively. Both minerals are biaxial; shlykovite: 2V
meas = −60(20)°; cryptophyllite: 2V
meas > 70°. The refractive indices are: shlykovite: α = 1.500(3), β = 1.509(2), γ = 1.515(2); cryptophyllite: α = 1.520(2), β
= 1.523(2), γ = 1.527(2). The chemical composition of shlykovite determined by an electron microprobe (H2O determined from total deficiency) is as follows, wt %: 0.68 Na2O, 11.03 K2O, 13.70 CaO, 59.86 SiO2, 14.73 H2O; the total is 100.00. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 13 O atoms (OH/H2O calculated from the charge balance) is (K0.96Na0.09)Σ1.05Ca1.00Si4.07O9.32(OH)0.68 · 3H2O. The idealized formula is KCa[Si4O9(OH)] · 3H2O. The chemical composition of cryptophyllite determined by an electron microprobe (H2O determined from the total deficiency) is as follows, wt %: 1.12 Na2O, 17.73 K2O, 11.59 CaO, 0.08 Al2O3, 50.24 SiO2, 19.24 H2O, the total is 100.00. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of (Si,Al)4(O,OH)10 (OH/H2O calculated from the charge balance) is (K1.80Na0.17)Σ1.97Ca0.99Al0.01Si3.99O9.94(OH)0.06 · 5.07H2O. The idealized formula is K2Ca[Si4O10] · 5H2O. The crystal structures of both minerals were solved on single crystals using synchrotron radiation. Shlykovite is monoclinic;
the space group is P21/n; a = 6.4897(4), b = 6.9969(5), c = 26.714(2)?, β = 94.597(8)°, V = 1209.12(15)?3, Z = 4. Cryptophyllite is monoclinic; the space group is P21/n; a = 6.4934(14), b = 6.9919(5), c = 32.087(3)?, β = 94.680(12)°, V= 1451.9(4)?, Z = 4. The strongest lines of the X-ray powder patterns (d, ?-I, [hkl] are: shlykovite 13.33–100[002], 6.67–76[004], 6.47–55[100], 3.469–45[021], 3.068–57[$
\bar 1
$
\bar 1
21], 3.042–45[121], 2.945–62[ 23], 2.912–90[025, 12, 211]; cryptophyllite 16.01–100[002], 7.98–24[004], 6.24–48[101], 3.228–22[$
\bar 1
$
\bar 1
09], 3.197–27[0.0.10], 2.995–47[122], 2.903–84[123, 204, $
\bar 1
$
\bar 1
24, 211], 2.623–20[028, 08, 126]. Shlykovite and cryptophyllite are members of new related structural types. Their structures
are based on a two-layer packet consisting of tetrahedral Si layers linked with octahedral Ca chains. Mountainite, shlykovite
and cryptophyllite could be combined into the mountainite structural family. Shlykovite is named in memory of Russian geologist
V. G. Shlykov (1941–2007); the name cryptophyllite is from the Greek words meaning concealed and leaf that allude to its layered structure (phyllosilicate) in combination with a lamellar habit and intimate intergrowths with
visually indistinguishable shlykovite. Type specimens of the minerals are deposited at the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of
the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. 相似文献
20.
The 1986 lethal eruption of Lake Nyos (Cameroon) was caused by a sudden inversion between deep, CO2-loaded bottom lake waters and denser, gas-free surface waters. A deep CO2 source has been found in fluid inclusions which occur predominantly in clinopyroxenes from lherzolitic mantle xenoliths, brought to the surface by the last erupted alkali basalts. P–T conditions of CO2 trapping correspond to a gas density equal (or higher) than that of liquid water. It is suggested that this dense CO2, found in many ultrabasic mantle xenoliths worldwide, has accumulated at km depth, below a column of descending lake water. It may remain in a stable state for a long period, as long as the temperature is above the density inversion temperature for pure H2O/CO2 systems. At an estimated depth of about 3 km, cooling by descending waters (to about 30 °C) induces a density inversion for the upper part of the CO2 reservoir. This causes a constant, regular upstream of low-density CO2 which, in its turn, feeds the shallower lake density inversion. 相似文献