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1.
太阳总辐照在23和24太阳活动周的显著周期分别为35 d和26 d,进而推断太阳的准旋转周期在23和24太阳活动周也分别为35 d和26 d.太阳总辐照在24周极小期的值可能与蒙德极小期的值相近.在一个太阳旋转周到几个月的时间尺度上,太阳黑子是引起太阳总辐照变化的主要原因,但不是唯一的原因;在几天到一个太阳旋转周的时间尺度上,太阳总辐照的变化与MgⅡ特征指数是不相关的. 相似文献
2.
太阳半径是指从太阳球心到光球层外边界的距离。测量太阳半径历史悠久,系统性测量始于19世纪,其标准值为959.6300。主要有以下几种测量方法：(1)子午圈测量;(2)日食和水星凌日;(3)望远镜漂移扫描技术;(4)等高方法;(5)卫星角距离测量。对于太阳半径的研究,主要集中在以下三类观点：一是认为太阳半径在缩小;二是认为太阳半径基本没有变化;三是认为太阳半径变化与一些太阳活动指数有关联,并具有自身的运动规律。太阳半径是否变化,如何变化,目前尚无定论。首先介绍了太阳半径,回顾了太阳半径的观测方法;接着介绍了目前太阳半径的主要研究观点;最后对将来的研究提出一些看法。 相似文献
3.
为了弄清太阳变化的来源及其对地球环境的影响，我们积极地参与了各式各样的正在和即将进行的研究项目。本文对这些项目作了综述，并介绍了我们有关的一些活动。 相似文献
4.
与太阳射电爆发相比,通常认为频率较低的行星际射电爆发产生于远离低日冕的行星际空间.地球电离层的截止导致地基设备无法对其进行观测.美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA)发射的帕克太阳探测器(Parker Solar Probe, PSP)是迄今为止距离太阳最近的空间探测器.其搭载的射电频谱仪能够对10 k Hz–19.17 MHz频段范围内的射电辐射进行观测. PSP能够靠近甚至可能穿越行星际III型射电爆发的辐射源区,因此使用PSP对行星际射电爆发进行观测具有前所未有的优势.简要介绍了目前为止使用PSP的射电观测数据对行星际III型射电爆发的多方面研究,包括爆发的发生率、偏振、散射、截止频率、可能的辐射机制和相关的辐射源区等方面的研究进展,并讨论了其未来的研究前景. 相似文献
5.
为了弄清太阳变化的来源及其对地球环境的影响 ,我们积极地参与了各式各样的正在和即将进行的研究项目。本文对这些项目作了综述 ,并介绍了我们有关的一些活动。 相似文献
6.
7.
太阳活动是对地球及人类生活影响最直接的天文活动,在航空航天、通信、电力以及人体健康方面影响着人类的生产生活。通过以往的一些研究结果分析非光学(non-optical)范畴的太阳活动例如日冕物质抛射、太阳射电爆发与某些人类疾病呈正相关性,这与低频太阳活动对日地空间的影响有密切联系。采用云南天文台2012年上半年70 MHz~1 500 MHz波段观测数据与昆明医科大学第一附属医院心脑血管病例结合进行相关分析,得到利用低频太阳活动爆发对人体影响预警的时间延迟因子(与等离子体抛射物质到达地球有关)。通过研究证明利用直接太阳低频射电观测数据能够较之于之前国际上利用宇宙线的福布希下降进行的空间天气预警提前2~3 d,有效地提高了预警效果,为下一步基于低频空间异动观测数据现报——健康实时预警系统的建立打下了工作基础。 相似文献
8.
尤建圻 《紫金山天文台台刊》1999,18(2):122-124
本文简要介绍了太阳耀斑近红外光谱的观测和研究,指出太阳近红外光谱的确能对耀斑的运动、电子密度和加热机制等提供诊断信息,有些方面比Ｈα还灵敏。最后还对２３ 周峰年观测选题提出了一些建议 相似文献
9.
国内太阳数据VO化初步方案 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着太阳物理研究的深入、观测仪器的发展、观测数据的积累，促使人们去思考这样的问题：利用全世界不同时间、地点、波段的太阳相关数据、历史数据去对很多悬而未解的科学问题寻求答案，同时使研究者容易的去检索这些数据，进行分析，这就是虚拟太阳天文台要解决的问题，也是为什么虚拟太阳天文台项目得到了全世界有关天文台、研究所和大学的积极响应和运作。本文介绍了国内应如何面对虚拟天文台的发展及国内太阳数据VO化初步方案。 相似文献
10.
虚拟太阳天文台及其发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
伴随着太阳物理研究的深入、观测仪器的发展、观测数据的积累,促使人们去思考这样一个问题:如何使研究者能够方便地检索、分析和使用在不同时间、不同地点、不同波段上观测得到的大量与太阳有关的数据,从而能探索更多悬而未决的科学谜题。这就是虚拟太阳天文台(VSO)项目被提出后得到有关天文台、研究所和大学积极响应并迅速投入运作的原因所在。介绍了虚拟太阳天文台的由来、作用、采用的技术和发展状况等。 相似文献
11.
Our study deals with the correlations between the solar activity on the one hand and the solar irradiance above the Earth’s
atmosphere and at ground level on the other. We analyzed the combined ACRIM I+II time series of the total solar irradiance
(TSI), the Mauna Loa time series of terrestrial insolation data, and data of terrestrial cosmic ray fluxes. We find that the
correlation between the TSI and the sunspot number is strongly non-linear. We interpret this as the net balance between brightening
by faculae and darkening by sunspots where faculae dominate at low activity and sunspots dominate at high activity. Such a
behavior is hitherto known from stellar analogs of the Sun in a statistical manner. We perform the same analysis for the Mauna
Loa data of terrestrial insolation. Here we find that the linear relation between sunspot number and insolation shows more
than 1% rise in insolation by sunspot number variations which is much stronger than for the TSI. Our conclusion is that the
Earth atmosphere acts as an amplifier between space and ground, and that the amplification is probably controlled by solar
activity. We suspect the cosmic rays intensity as the link between solar activity and atmospheric transparency. A Fourier
analysis of the time series of insolation shows three dominant peaks: 10.5, 20.4, and 14.0 years. As a matter of fact, the
cosmic rays data show the same pattern of significant peaks: 10.7, 22.4, and 14.9 years. This analogy supports our idea that
the cosmic rays variation has influence on the transparency of the Earth atmosphere. 相似文献
12.
Owens Mathew Lang Matthew Barnard Luke Riley Pete Ben-Nun Michal Scott Chris J. Lockwood Mike Reiss Martin A. Arge Charles N. Gonzi Siegfried 《Solar physics》2020,295(3):1-15
Solar radiation variability spans a wide range in time, ranging from seconds to decadal and longer. The nearly 40 years of measurements of solar irradiance from space established that the total solar irradiance varies by \(\approx 0.1\%\) in phase with the Sun’s magnetic cycle. Specific intervals of the solar spectrum, e.g., ultraviolet (UV), vary by orders of magnitude more. These variations can affect the Earth’s climate in a complex non-linear way. Specifically, some of the processes of interaction between solar UV radiation and the Earth’s atmosphere involve threshold processes and do not require a detailed reconstruction of the solar spectrum. For this reason a spectral UV index based on the (FUV-MUV) color has been recently introduced. This color is calculated using SORCE SOLSTICE integrated fluxes in the FUV and MUV bands. We present in this work the reconstructions of the solar (FUV-MUV) color and Ca ii K and Mg ii indices, from 1749–2015, using a semi-empirical approach based on the reconstruction of the area coverage of different solar magnetic features, i.e., sunspot, faculae and network. We remark that our results are in noteworthy agreement with latest solar UV proxy reconstructions that exploit more sophisticated techniques requiring historical full-disk observations. This makes us confident that our technique can represent an alternative approach which can complement classical solar reconstruction efforts. Moreover, this technique, based on broad-band observations, can be utilized to estimate the activity on Sun-like stars, that cannot be resolved spatially, hosting extra-solar planetary systems.
相似文献13.
The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Mission for the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) is an advanced study of Earth's long-term global changes of solid Earth, its atmosphere,
and oceans and includes a coordinated collection of satellites, data systems, and modeling. The EOS program was conceived
in the 1980s as part of NASA's Earth System Enterprise (ESE). The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) is one of
about 20 missions planned for the EOS program, and the SORCE measurement objectives include the total solar irradiance (TSI)
and solar spectral irradiance (SSI) that are two of the 24 key measurement parameters defined for the EOS program. The SORCE
satellite was launched in January 2003, and its observations are improving the understanding and generating new inquiry regarding
how and why solar variability occurs and how it affects Earth's energy balance, atmosphere, and long-term climate changes. 相似文献
14.
Sankar Narayan Patra Gautam Bhattacharya Koushik Ghosh Probhas Raychaudhuri 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2009,324(1):47-53
The solar irradiance data plays a very important role for understanding of Solar internal Structure and the solar terrestrial
relationships. The Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) is integrated solar energy flux over the entire spectrum which arrives at
the top of the atmosphere at the mean sun earth distance. TSI has been monitored from several satellites, e.g. Nimbus 7, Solar
Maximum Mission (SMM), The NASA, Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS), NOAA9, NOAA10, Eureca and the Upper Atmospheric
Research Satellite (UARS) etc. From these observations it reveals that the total solar irradiance varies about a small fraction
of 0.1 over solar cycle being higher during maximum solar activity condition. In the present paper we have analysed the solar
irradiance data from ERBS during the time period from October 15, 1984 to October 15, 2003. First filtering the data by Simple
Exponential Smoothing we have applied the Rayleigh Power Spectrum Analysis on the processed data in order to search for its
time variation. Study exhibits multi-periodicities on these data around 7, 11, 42, 80, 104, 130, 160, 254, 536, 752, 1142,
1388, 2474 and 4951 days with very high confidence levels (more than 95%). Apart from these strong periods there are some
other weak periods around 22, 47, 53, 67, 69, 149, 167, 365, 489 and 683 days. These periods are significantly similar with
the periods of other solar activities which may suggest that solar irradiance may be associated with other solar activities. 相似文献
15.
Gary Rottman Jerald Harder Juan Fontenla Thomas Woods Oran R. White George M. Lawrence 《Solar physics》2005,230(1-2):205-224
This paper presents and interprets observations obtained by the Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) on the Solar Radiation and
Climate Experiment (SORCE) over a time period of several solar rotations during the declining phase of solar cycle 23. The
time series of visible and infrared (IR) bands clearly show significant wavelength dependence of these variations. At some
wavelengths the SIM measurements are qualitatively similar to the Mg II core-to-wing ratio, but in the visible and IR they show character similar to the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) variations.
Despite this overall similarity, different amplitudes, phases, and temporal features are observed at various wavelengths.
The TSI can be explained as a complex sum of the various wavelength components. The SIM observations are interpreted with
the aid of solar images that exhibit a mixture of solar activity features. Qualitative analysis shows how the sunspots, faculae,
plage, and active network provide distinct contributions to the spectral irradiance at different wavelengths, and ultimately,
how these features combine to produce the observed TSI variations. Most of the observed variability appears to be qualitatively
explained by solar surface features related directly to the magnetic activity. 相似文献
16.
G. Thuillier S. M. L. Melo J. Lean N. A. Krivova C. Bolduc V. I. Fomichev P. Charbonneau A. I. Shapiro W. Schmutz D. Bolsée 《Solar physics》2014,289(4):1115-1142
Proper numerical simulation of the Earth’s climate change requires reliable knowledge of solar irradiance and its variability on different time scales, as well as the wavelength dependence of this variability. As new measurements of the solar spectral irradiance have become available, so too have new reconstructions of historical solar irradiance variations, based on different approaches. However, these various solar spectral irradiance reconstructions have not yet been compared in detail to quantify differences in their absolute values, variability, and implications for climate and atmospheric studies. In this paper we quantitatively compare five different reconstructions of solar spectral irradiance changes during the past four centuries, in order to document and analyze their differences. The impact on atmosphere and climate studies is discussed in terms of the calculation of short wave solar heating rates. 相似文献
17.
An understanding of solar variability over a broad spectral range and broad range of timescales is needed by scientists studying Earth’s climate. The Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM), is designed to measure solar spectral irradiance (SSI) with unprecedented accuracy from 200 nm to 2400 nm. SIM started daily observations in March 2018. To maintain its accuracy over the course of its anticipated 5-year mission and beyond, TSIS SIM needs to be corrected for optical degradation, common for solar viewing instruments. The differing long-term trends of various independent solar-irradiance records attest to the challenge at hand.
The correction of TSIS SIM for optical degradation is based on piecewise linear fits that bring the three instrument channels into agreement. It is fundamentally different to the correction applied to the TSIS SIM predecessor on SORCE. The correction facilitates reproducibility, uncertainty estimation and is measurement-based. Corrected, integrated TSIS SIM SSI agrees with independent observations of total solar irradiance to within 45 ppm as well as various solar-irradiance models. TSIS SIM SSI is available at: http://lasp.colorado.edu/lisird/.
相似文献18.
The Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM): Science Results 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The solar observations from the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) are discussed since the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment
(SORCE) launch in January 2003. The TIM measurements clearly show the background disk-integrated solar oscillations of generally
less than 50 parts per million (ppm) amplitude over the ∼2 ppm instrument noise level. The total solar irradiance (TSI) from
the TIM is about 1361 W/m2, or 4–5 W/m2 lower than that measured by other current TSI instruments. This difference is not considered an instrument or calibration
error. Comparisons with other instruments show excellent agreement of solar variability on a relative scale. The TIM observed
the Sun during the extreme activity period extending from late October to early November 2003. During this period, the instrument
recorded both the largest short-term decrease in the 25-year TSI record and also the first definitive detection of a solar
flare in TSI, from which an integrated energy of roughly (6± 3)×1032 ergs from the 28 October 2003 X17 flare is estimated. The TIM has also recorded two planets transiting the Sun, although
only the Venus transit on 8 June 2004 was definitive. 相似文献
19.
The solar spectral irradiance (SSI) dataset is a key record for studying and understanding the energetics and radiation balance in Earth’s environment. Understanding the long-term variations of the SSI over timescales of the 11-year solar activity cycle and longer is critical for many Sun–Earth research topics. Satellite measurements of the SSI have been made since the 1970s, most of them in the ultraviolet, but recently also in the visible and near-infrared. A limiting factor for the accuracy of previous solar variability results is the uncertainties for the instrument degradation corrections, which need fairly large corrections relative to the amount of solar cycle variability at some wavelengths. The primary objective of this investigation has been to separate out solar cycle variability and any residual uncorrected instrumental trends in the SSI measurements from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) mission and the Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere, Energetic, and Dynamics (TIMED) mission. A new technique called the Multiple Same-Irradiance-Level (MuSIL) analysis has been developed, which examines an SSI time series at different levels of solar activity to provide long-term trends in an SSI record, and the most common result is a downward trend that most likely stems from uncorrected instrument degradation. This technique has been applied to each wavelength in the SSI records from SORCE (2003?–?present) and TIMED (2002?–?present) to provide new solar cycle variability results between 27 nm and 1600 nm with a resolution of about 1 nm at most wavelengths. This technique, which was validated with the highly accurate total solar irradiance (TSI) record, has an estimated relative uncertainty of about 5% of the measured solar cycle variability. The MuSIL results are further validated with the comparison of the new solar cycle variability results from different solar cycles. 相似文献
20.
The effect of large-scale magnetic fields on total solar irradiance (TSI) was studied both in time–frequency and in time–longitude aspects. A continuous wavelet analysis revealed that the energy of thermomagnetic disturbances due to sunspots and faculae cascades into the magnetic network and facular macrostructure. A numerical technique of time–longitude analysis was developed to study the fine structure of temporal changes in the TSI caused by longitudinal brightness inhomogeneities and rotation of the Sun. The analysis facilitates mapping large-scale thermal inhomogeneities of the Sun and reveals patterns of radiative excesses and deficits relative to the undisturbed solar photosphere. These patterns are organized into 2- and 4-sector structures that exhibit the effects of both activity complexes and magnetically active longitudes. Large-scale patterns with radiative excess display a facular macrostructure and bright patterns in the magnetic network caused by the dissipation of large-scale thermomagnetic disturbances. Similar global-scale temperature patterns were found in the upper solar atmosphere. These temperature patterns are also causally related to long-lived magnetic fields of the Sun. During activity cycles 21–23 the patterns with radiative excess tend to be concentrated around the active longitudes which are centered at about 60° and 230° in the Carrington system. 相似文献