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1.
We present a new technique for the rapid, automatic identification of solar features on full-disk photometric images. The technique permits the detection of features whose contrasts are only slightly above the noise level. Contrast and contiguity criteria are used to identify pixels belonging to an individual feature. The criteria used are simple and objective, and do not require one to guess at the contrast distribution of the features. Comparison of Caii K images with magnetograms shows excellent agreement between the identified features and observed magnetic features. In addition, we can now reliably identify faculae on continuum images. Since this technique can be rapidly applied to a large set of images, it allows us to compile a database of the physical and photometric properties of individual solar features. 相似文献
2.
The Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) has a long tradition of synoptic full-disk observations. Synoptic observations of contrast enhanced full-disk images in the Caii K-line have been used with great success to reproduce the Hi L irradiance variability observed with the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). Recent improvements in data calibration procedures and image- processing techniques enable us now to provide contrast enhanced H full-disk images with a spatial resolution of approximately 2 and a temporal resolution of up to 3 frames min–1.In this first paper in a series, we describe the instruments, the data calibration procedures, and the image-processing techniques used to obtain our daily H full-disk observations. We also present the final data products such as low- and high-contrast images, and Carrington rotation charts. A time series of an erupting mini- filament further illustrates the quality of our H full-disk observations and motivate one of the future research projects. This lays a solid foundation for our subsequent studies of solar activity and chromospheric fine structures. The high quality and the sunrise- to-sunset operation of the H full-disk observations presented in this paper make them an ideal choice to study statistical properties of mini-filament eruptions, chromospheric differential rotation, and meridional flows within the chromosphere, as well as the evolution of active regions, filaments, flares, and prominences. 相似文献
3.
Tilaye Tadesse T. Wiegelmann P. J. MacNeice B. Inhester K. Olson A. Pevtsov 《Solar physics》2014,289(3):831-845
Measurements of magnetic fields and electric currents in the pre-eruptive corona are crucial to the study of solar eruptive phenomena, like flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). However, spectro-polarimetric measurements of certain photospheric lines permit a determination of the vector magnetic field only at the photosphere. Therefore, there is considerable interest in accurate modeling of the solar coronal magnetic field using photospheric vector magnetograms as boundary data. In this work, we model the coronal magnetic field above multiple active regions with the help of a potential field and a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation code over the full solar disk using Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (SDO/HMI) data as boundary conditions. We compare projections of the resulting magnetic field lines with full-disk coronal images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) for both models. This study has found that the NLFFF model reconstructs the magnetic configuration closer to observation than the potential field model for full-disk magnetic field extrapolation. We conclude that many of the trans-equatorial loops connecting the two solar hemispheres are current-free. 相似文献
4.
The Siberian Solar Radio Telescope: the current state of the instrument,observations, and data 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Grechnev V.V. Lesovoi S.V. Smolkov G. Ya. Krissinel B.B. Zandanov V.G. Altyntsev A.T. Kardapolova N.N. Sergeev R.Y. Uralov A.M. Maksimov V.P. Lubyshev B.I. 《Solar physics》2003,216(1-2):239-272
The Siberian Solar Radio Telescope (SSRT) is one of the world's largest solar radio heliographs. It commenced operation in
1983, and since then has undergone several upgrades. The operating frequency of the SSRT is 5.7 GHz. Since 1992 the instrument
has had the capability to make one-dimensional scans with a high time resolution of 56 ms and an angular resolution of 15 arc sec.
Making one of these scans now takes 14 ms. In 1996 the capability was added to make full, two-dimensional images of the solar
disk. The SSRT is now capable of obtaining images with an angular resolution of 21 arc sec every 2 min. In this paper we describe
the main features and operation of the instrument, particularly emphasizing issues pertaining to the imaging process and factors
limiting data quality. Some of the data processing and analysis techniques are discussed. We present examples of full-disk
solar images of the quiet Sun, recorded near solar activity minimum, and images of specific structures: plages, coronal bright
points, filaments and prominences, and coronal holes. We also present some observations of dynamic phenomena, such as eruptive
prominences and solar flares, which illustrate the high-time-resolution observations that can be done with this instrument.
We compare SSRT observations at 5.7 GHz, including computed `light curves', both morphologically and quantatively, with observations
made in other spectral domains, such as 17 GHz radio images, Hα filtergrams and magnetograms, extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray
observations, and dynamic radio spectra. 相似文献
5.
Voyager full-disk images of Io, available at solar phase angle of α = 2?29° and 101?159°, allow comparisons of the satellite's near-opposition photometric behavior with Earth-based results and the determination of the phase curve out to very high phase angles. The near-opposition data were reduced iteratively for self-consistent phase and rotation curves in each Voyager filter; the resulting phase coefficients, geometric albedos, and rotational lightcurves are consistent with Earth-based findings, except for a previously noted tendency for Voyager to yield somewhat redder spectral information. The derived near-opposition phase coefficients, ranging between 0.016 and 0.024 mag/ deg, decrease with increasing wavelength, a trend weakly noted in some Earth-based observations. The full, α = 2?159° phase curves allow the first direct determination of the phase integral of Io at several wavelengths: q rises from ≈0.7 in the ultraviolet to ≈0.8 in the orange. Combination of the Voyager phase integrals with Earth-based albedo information leads to a best estimate of the bolometric Bond albedo of 0.50 ± 0.10, a value consistent with, but slightly below, previous estimates. 相似文献
6.
The Solar Dynamics Observatory provides multiwavelength imagery from extreme ultraviolet (EUV) to visible light as well as magnetic-field measurements. These data enable us to study the nature of solar activity in different regions of the Sun, from the interior to the corona. For solar-cycle studies, synoptic maps provide a useful way to represent global activity and evolution by extracting a central meridian band from sequences of full-disk images over a full solar Carrington rotation (≈?27.3 days). We present the global evolution during Solar Cycle 24 from 20 May 2010 to 31 August 2013 (CR?2097?–?CR?2140), using synoptic maps constructed from full-disk, line-of-sight magnetic-field imagery and EUV imagery (171 Å, 193 Å, 211 Å, 304 Å, and 335 Å). The synoptic maps have a resolution of 0.1 degree in longitude and steps of 0.001 in sine of latitude. We studied the axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric structures of solar activity using these synoptic maps. To visualize the axisymmetric development of Cycle 24, we generated time–latitude (also called butterfly) images of the solar cycle in all of the wavelengths, by averaging each synoptic map over all longitudes, thus compressing it to a single vertical strip, and then assembling these strips in time order. From these time–latitude images we observe that during the ascending phase of Cycle 24 there is a very good relationship between the integrated magnetic flux and the EUV intensity inside the zone of sunspot activities. We observe a North–South asymmetry of the EUV intensity in high-latitudes. The North–South asymmetry of the emerging magnetic flux developed and resulted in a consequential asymmetry in the timing of the polar magnetic-field reversals. 相似文献
7.
This paper presents a new method which allows for the automatic extraction and tracking of the evolution of filaments in solar images. Series of Hα full-disk images are taken in regular time intervals to observe the changes of the solar disk features. In each picture, the solar chromosphere filaments are identified for further evolution examination. Two alternative preprocessing techniques converting grayscale images into black-and-white pictures with enhanced chromosphere granularity are examined: local thresholding based on median values and global thresholding with brightness and area normalization. The next step employs morphological closing operations with multi-directional linear structuring elements to extract elongated shapes in the image. After logical intersection of directional filtering results, remaining noise is removed from the final outcome using morphological dilation and erosion with a circular structuring element. Experimental results show that the developed technique can achieve excellent results in detecting large filaments and good detection rates for small filaments. 相似文献
8.
Solar Feature Catalogues In Egso 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V. V. Zharkova J. Aboudarham S. Zharkov S. S. Ipson A. K. Benkhalil N. Fuller 《Solar physics》2005,228(1-2):361-375
The Solar Feature Catalogues (SFCs) are created from digitized solar images using automated pattern recognition techniques
developed in the European Grid of Solar Observation (EGSO) project. The techniques were applied for detection of sunspots,
active regions and filaments in the automatically standardized full-disk solar images in Caii K1, Caii K3 and Hα taken at the Meudon Observatory and white-light images and magnetograms from SOHO/MDI. The results of automated
recognition are verified with the manual synoptic maps and available statistical data from other observatories that revealed
high detection accuracy. A structured database of the Solar Feature Catalogues is built on the MySQL server for every feature
from their recognized parameters and cross-referenced to the original observations. The SFCs are published on the Bradford
University web site http://www.cyber.brad.ac.uk/egso/SFC/ with the pre-designed web pages for a search by time, size and location. The SFCs with 9 year coverage (1996–2004) provide
any possible information that can be extracted from full disk digital solar images. Thus information can be used for deeper
investigation of the feature origin and association with other features for their automated classification and solar activity
forecast. 相似文献
9.
太阳暗条作为太阳大气磁场的示踪,对研究太阳磁场有极其重要的意义。针对现有的暗条检测方法存在检测精度不高,弱小暗条错检、漏检等问题,提出一种基于改进VNet网络的太阳暗条检测方法。首先,使用大熊湖天文台Hα全日面图像并结合磁图制作了太阳暗条数据集;其次,在VNet网络下采样部分采用Inception模块融合不同尺度特征图的特征,同时加入注意力机制增强特征图中暗条部分的语义信息;最后在上采样部分引入深度监督模块,更多地保留太阳暗条的细节特征。为验证算法性能,采用191幅Hα全日面图像数据集,其中包含暗条共3372条。算法在测试数据集上平均准确率达到0.9883,F1值达到0.8385。实验结果证明,该方法可以有效识别Hα全日面图中的暗条。 相似文献
10.
Deborah L. Domingue Scott L. Murchie Brett W. Denevi Nancy L. Chabot David T. Blewett Nori R. Laslo Robin M. Vaughan Hong K. Kang Michael K. Shepard 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(15):1873-1887
During the third flyby of Mercury by the MESSENGER spacecraft, a dedicated disk-integrated photometric sequence was acquired with the wide-angle multispectral camera to observe Mercury's global photometric behavior in 11 spectral filters over as broad a range of phase angle as possible within the geometric constraints of the flyby. Extraction of disk-integrated measurements from images acquired during this sequence required careful accounting for scattered light and residual background effects. The photometric model fit to these measurements is shown to fit observed radiances at phase angles below 110°, possibly except where both solar incidence and emission angles are high (>70°). The complexity of the scattered light at wavelengths greater than 828 nm contributes to a less accurate photometric correction at these wavelengths. The model is used to correct the global imaging data set acquired at a variety of geometries to a common geometry of incidence angle=30°, emission angle=0°, and phase angle=30°, yielding a relatively seamless mosaic. The results here will be used to correct image mosaics of Mercury acquired in orbit. 相似文献
11.
Fernandez Borda Roberto A. Mininni Pablo D. Mandrini Cristina H. Gómez Daniel O. Bauer Otto H. Rovira Marta G. 《Solar physics》2002,206(2):347-357
We present a new method for automatic detection of flare events from images in the optical range. The method uses neural networks for pattern recognition and is conceived to be applied to full-disk Himages. Images are analyzed in real time, which allows for the design of automatic patrol processes able to detect and record flare events with the best time resolution available without human assistance. We use a neural network consisting of two layers, a hidden layer of nonlinear neurodes and an output layer of one linear neurode. The network was trained using a back-propagation algorithm and a set of full-disk solar images obtained by HASTA (HSolar Telescope for Argentina), which is located at the Estación de Altura Ulrico Cesco of OAFA (Observatorio Astronómico Félix Aguilar), El Leoncito, San Juan, Argentina. This method is appropriate for the detection of solar flares in the complete optical classification, being portable to any Hinstrument and providing unique criteria for flare detection independent of the observer. 相似文献
12.
J. Zhao S. Couvidat R. S. Bogart K. V. Parchevsky A. C. Birch T. L. Duvall Jr. J. G. Beck A. G. Kosovichev P. H. Scherrer 《Solar physics》2012,275(1-2):375-390
The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO/HMI) provides continuous full-disk observations of solar oscillations. We develop a data-analysis pipeline based on the time–distance helioseismology method to measure acoustic travel times using HMI Doppler-shift observations, and infer solar interior properties by inverting these measurements. The pipeline is used for routine production of near-real-time full-disk maps of subsurface wave-speed perturbations and horizontal flow velocities for depths ranging from 0 to 20?Mm, every eight hours. In addition, Carrington synoptic maps for the subsurface properties are made from these full-disk maps. The pipeline can also be used for selected target areas and time periods. We explain details of the pipeline organization and procedures, including processing of the HMI Doppler observations, measurements of the travel times, inversions, and constructions of the full-disk and synoptic maps. Some initial results from the pipeline, including full-disk flow maps, sunspot subsurface flow fields, and the interior rotation and meridional flow speeds, are presented. 相似文献
13.
We have digitized the Ca ii K spectroheliograms, observed at the National Solar Observatory at Sacramento Peak, for the period 1980 (maximum of solar cycle 21), 1985 (minimum of solar cycle 21), 1987 (beginning of the ascending phase of solar cycle 22), 1988 and 1989 (ascending phase and maximum of solar cycle 22), and 1992 (declining phase of solar cycle 22). A new method for analyzing the K spectroheliograms has been developed and applied to the K images for the time interval of 1992. Using histograms of intensity, we have segregated and measured the cumulative intensity and area of various chromospheric features like the plages, magnetic network and intranetwork elements. Also, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) derived from the histograms has been introduced as a new index for describing the chromospheric activity in the K-line. The full-disk intensity (spatial K index) has been derived from spatially-resolved K images and compared to the spectral K index derived from the line profiles for the full disk. Both the spatial K index and FWHM have been compared to the UV irradiance measured in the Mg ii h and k lines by the NOAA9 satellite and found that they are highly correlated with the Mg ii h and k c/w ratio.NRC Resident Research Associate, on leave from Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore 560034, India. 相似文献
14.
L. Győri 《Solar physics》2010,267(2):445-461
Accurate heliographic coordinates of objects on the Sun have to be known in several fields of solar physics. One of the factors
that affect the accuracy of the measurements of the heliographic coordinates is the accuracy of the orientation of a solar
image. In this paper the well-known drift method for determining the orientation of the solar image is applied to data taken
with a solar telescope equipped with a CCD camera. The factors that influence the accuracy of the method are systematically
discussed, and the necessary corrections are determined. These factors are as follows: the trajectory of the center of the
solar disk on the CCD with the telescope drive turned off, the astronomical refraction, the change of the declination of the
Sun, and the optical distortion of the telescope. The method can be used on any solar telescope that is equipped with a CCD
camera and is capable of taking solar full-disk images. As an example to illustrate the method and its application, the orientation
of solar images taken with the Gyula heliograph is determined. As a byproduct, a new method to determine the optical distortion
of a solar telescope is proposed. 相似文献
15.
PENG Ji-long FENG Tao-jun SHI En-tao LI Lin YU Qian ZHANG Kai NIE Xiang-yu MA Zi-liang 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2019,43(3):444-456
Solar Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) imaging observation is an important measure for the researches of solar activities and coronal plasma physics. But the traditional EUV imager and spectrograph can hardly achieve simultaneously the high spectral resolution and wide field-of-view of solar imaging. This paper has designed a new type of solar EUV multi-band imager, by adopting a kind of slitless grating and grazing incidence structure, it can realize the solar full-disk imaging of high spectral and spatial resolution. The field-of-view of the imager can be as broad as 47′. The spectral resolution is 2×10?3nm per pixel, and the spatial resolution is 1.4′ per pixel. The temporal resolution of the solar full-disk is better than 60 s. The analysis of the solar full-disk spectral image and system response shows that the imager can observe the morphological evolutions of various solar activities, and can provide more comprehensive data for the researches of solar physics and space weather forecast. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents a generic method to automatically segment and characterize solar filaments from various Hα full-disk solar
images, obtained by different solar observatories, with different dynamic ranges and statistical properties. First, a cascading
Hough circle detector is designed to find the center location and radius of the solar disks. Second, polynomial surface fitting
is adopted to correct unbalanced luminance. Third, an adaptive thresholding method is put forward to segment solar filaments.
Finally, for each piece of a solar filament, its centroid location, area, and length are characterized, in which morphological
thinning and graph theory are used for identifying the main skeletons of filaments. To test the performance of the proposed
methods, a dataset composed of 125 Hα images is considered. These images were obtained by four solar observatories from January
2000 to May 2010, one image per month. Experimental results show that the accuracy rate is above 95% as measured by filament
number and above 99% as measured by filament area, indicating that only a few tiny filaments are not detected. 相似文献
17.
Dean-Yi Chou Ming-Tsung Sun Teng-Yi Huang Shih-Ping Lai Pi-Jen Chi Knight-Tien Ou Chang-Chi Wang Jui-Yang Lu An-Li Chu Chi-Seng Niu et al. 《Solar physics》1995,160(2):237-243
The Taiwan Oscillation Network (TON) is a ground-based network to measure solar intensity oscillations to study the internal structure of the Sun. K-line full-disk images of 1000 pixels diameter are taken at a rate of one image per minute. Such data would provide information onp-modes withl as high as 1000. The TON will consist of six identical telescope systems at proper longitudes around the world. Three telescope systems have been installed at Teide Observatory (Tenerife), Huairou Solar Observing Station (near Beijing), and Big Bear Solar Observatory (California). The telescopes at these three sites have been taking data simultaneously since October of 1994. Anl – v diagram derived from 512 images is included to show the quality of the data. 相似文献
18.
A new method to detect sunspots on full-disk solar images, recorded in an optical wide spectral band and in the line of Ca ii K1, is presented. It is based on the compact wavelet transform and a process that automatically identifies the noise in the images of the Sun. This method estimates also its center and the limb positions with a precision of a few milliarcseconds. Precisions of 1 and 8 milliarcseconds are, respectively, found for the disk center position and the radius of simulated solar images. The results obtained on sunspot identification on solar images recorded during April 2002 at Meudon Observatory (France) reveal that we are able to detect 3.35 % additional sunspots compared to a manual method. Our method preserves the sunspot areas better than 95 %. 相似文献
19.
Zharkova V.V. Ipson S.S. Zharkov S.I. Benkhalil A. Aboudarham J. Bentley R.D. 《Solar physics》2003,214(1):89-105
Robust techniques are developed to put the H and Ca K line full-disk images taken at the Meudon Observatory into a standardised form of a `virtual solar image'. The techniques include limb fitting, removal of geometrical distortion, centre position and size standardisation and intensity normalisation. The limb fitting starts with an initial estimate of the solar centre using raw 12-bit image data and then applies a Canny edge-detection routine. Candidate edge points for the limb are selected using a histogram based method and the chosen points fitted to a quadratic function by minimising the algebraic distance using SVD. The five parameters of the ellipse fitting the limb are extracted from the quadratic function. These parameters are used to define an affine transformation that transforms the image shape into a circle. Transformed images are generated using the nearest neighbour, bilinear or bicubic interpolation. Intensity renormalisation is also required because of a limb darkening and other non-radial intensity variations. It is achieved by fitting a background function in polar coordinates to a set of sample points having the median intensities and by standardising the average brightness. Representative examples of intermediate and final processed results are presented in addition to the algorithms developed. The research was done for the European Grid of Solar Observations (EGSO) project. 相似文献