共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 545 毫秒
1.
红树林是世界上生产力最高、价值最高的湿地生态系统之一。冠层叶绿素含量CCC（Canopy Chlorophyll Content）作为红树林重要的生物物理参量,是估算其生产力和评价其健康状况的重要指标。本文利用珠海一号高光谱卫星（OHS）影像与Sentinel-2A多光谱数据计算传统植被指数与组合植被指数并构建了高维数据集,综合利用正态分布检验、最大相关系数法与变量重要性评价进行数据降维和变量优选;分别基于单一线性回归算法、机器学习回归算法和堆栈集成学习回归算法构建了红树林CCC遥感反演模型,探明北部湾红树林CCC的最佳遥感反演模型,验证OHS高光谱影像与Sentinel-2A数据反演红树林CCC的精度差异,评估SNAP-SL2P算法反演红树林CCC的适用性。研究结果表明：（1）通过数据降维和变量选择处理,从高维度OHS数据集选取了8个特征变量,其中RSI（12,17）、DSI（12,18）和NDSI（6,12）组合植被指数对红树林CCC反演精度的贡献率较高;（2）联合OHS数据和最优堆栈GBRT集成学习回归模型（Score=0.999,RMSE=0.963 μg/cm2）的训练精度优于最优RF机器学习回归模型（RMSE降低了7.531 μg/cm2）,明显优于最优Lasso线性回归模型（RMSE降低了19.383 μg/cm2）;（3）在最优堆栈集成学习回归模型下,OHS数据反演红树林CCC的精度（R2=0.761,RMSE=16.738 μg/cm2）高于Sentinel-2A影像（R2=0.615,RMSE=20.701 μg/cm2）;（4）联合OHS和Sentinel-2A数据的最优堆栈集成学习回归模型反演红树林CCC的精度都明显优于SNAP-SL2P算法（R2=0.356,RMSE=49.419 μg/cm2）。研究结果论证了正态分布检验、最大相关系数法和基于XGBoost的特征选择方法有效降低了高维数据集的维度,并得到了最优特征变量;OHS数据的最优堆栈GBRT集成学习回归模型训练精度最高,是估算红树林CCC的最优反演模型;OHS和Sentinel-2A数据都能有效反演红树林CCC（R2均大于0.61）,而OHS数据的估算精度更高（R2大于0.75）;SNAP-SL2P算法不能有效反演红树林CCC（R2小于0.4）,且对红树林CCC数值存在系统性低估。 相似文献
2.
全球海洋次表层温度异常遥感反演的季节时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
卫星遥感反演海洋内部多时相、大尺度热力结构信息对于了解海洋内部复杂、多维的动力过程有重要意义。本文采用随机森林回归模型，利用卫星遥感观测的海表参量（海表高度异常（SSHA）、海表温度异常（SSTA）、海表盐度异常（SSSA）和海表风场异常（SSWA）），反演不同季节、不同深度层位（1000 m深度以上）的海洋次表层温度异常（STA），并用Argo实测数据作精度验证，采用均方根误差（RMSE）、归一化均方根误差（NRMSE）以及决定系数（R2）评价模型在全球及洋盆尺度上的反演精度。结果显示，全球海洋16个深度层位的平均R2在春、夏、秋、冬四季分别为0.53、0.60、0.54、0.66，NRMSE分别为0.051、0.031、0.043、0.044。随着季节的变化，模型反演性能有所波动。模型在印度洋的反演效果最佳，不同季节、不同深度层位上的平均R2和RMSE分别为0.71和0.18 ℃，而大西洋的反演精度最低，平均R2和RMSE分别为0.46和0.25 ℃。研究表明随机森林模型适用于全球不同季节的STA遥感反演，且在不同洋盆上均有较好的反演效果；不同季节上，上层STA有明显变化信号，空间异质性显著，但300 m以深，STA信号较弱且基本不随季节变化。本研究可为长时序、大尺度海洋内部参量信息遥感反演与重建提供依据，有助于进一步发展深海遥感方法。 相似文献
3.
秸秆是农田生态系统的重要组成部分。秸秆覆盖度（CRC）的遥感估算可以大范围、快速地获取地面秸秆覆盖信息，对保护性耕作的推广具有十分重要的意义。基于Sentinel-1 SAR影像和Sentinel-2光学影像分别构建了雷达指数与光学遥感指数，结合吉林省梨树县春秋两期实地采样数据，探究遥感指数与玉米秸秆覆盖度的相关性。为进一步提升玉米秸秆覆盖度的估算精度，结合雷达指数与光学遥感指数，采用最优子集回归的方法建立玉米秸秆覆盖度的估算模型，完成研究区的玉米秸秆覆盖度估算制图。结果表明：土壤质地分区建模可有效解决土壤异质性问题，提升反演精度。各遥感指数在秋季高覆盖时期的表现均优于春季低覆盖时期。STI和NDTI指数在光学遥感指数中表现最好，R2分别为0.701和0.697，而在雷达指数中，基于余弦矫正法的γ V H 0 ![]()
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4.
中国南方森林冠顶高度Lidar反演—以江西省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
激光雷达(Lidar)与光学遥感的有效结合对中国南方区域森林冠顶高度反演意义重大,而国产卫星将为中国森林生态研究提供新的数据源。本文联合利用大脚印激光雷达GLA和国产MERSI数据,在实现GLAS波形数据处理和不同地形条件下森林冠顶高度反演算法基础上,建立了区域尺度不同森林类型林分冠顶高度GLAS+MERSI联合反演关系模型,进行了江西地区森林冠顶高度反演。总体上,GLAS激光雷达森林冠顶高度估算精度较高;且在与MERSI 250 m数据的联合反演模型中,针叶林模型精度较好(R2=0.7325);阔叶林次之(R2=0.6095);混交林较差(R2=0.4068)。分析发现,考虑了光学遥感生物物理参数的GLAS+MERSI联合关系模型在区域森林冠顶高度估算中有较高精度,且在空间分布上与土地覆盖数据分布特征非常一致。 相似文献
5.
光学与微波植被指数协同反演农作物叶面积指数的可行性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
光学遥感是目前反演植被叶面积指数LAI（Leaf Area Index）的主要手段,但是当叶面积指数较大时存在光学遥感信息饱和、反演精度显著降低的问题。叶面积指数和平均叶倾角对光学、微波波段范围内反射和散射特性都有重要影响,主要表现在植被结构参数的变化可以引起冠层孔隙率和消光截面大小的改变。本文以典型农作物玉米为例,通过构建统一的PROSAIL和MIMICS模型输入参数,生成一套玉米全生长期光学二向反射率和全极化微波后向散射系数模拟库和冠层参数库。通过对模拟数据与LAI敏感性和相关性分析得出：（1）光学植被指数MNDVI(800 nm,2000 nm),在LAI为0—3时敏感,基于MNDVI与LAI的回归模型可以估算LAI变化 0.4的情况,RMSE是0.33,R2是0.958。（2）微波植被指数SARSRVI(1.4 GHz HH,9.6 GHz HV),在LAI为3—6时敏感,基于SARSRVI与LAI的回归模型可以估算LAI变化1的情况,RMSE为0.22,R2是0.9839。研究表明,采用分段敏感的植被指数,协同光学和微波遥感反演玉米全生长期叶面积指数是可行的。 相似文献
6.
光能利用率表征植被通过光合作用将所截获/吸收的能量转化为有机碳的效率,是遥感估算植被生产力的关键参数。由于植被分布和气候环境的综合影响,光能利用率表现出显著的空间异质性和时间动态性,光能利用率的不确定性成为后续生产力模型估算精度不高的重要原因。本文以Fluxnet全球通量站点数据和MODIS LAI/fPAR产品为数据源,比较了5种遥感植被生产力模型中的光能利用率估算方法,并在此基础上考虑光照散射条件对光能利用率的影响,结合晴空指数,利用逐步线性回归方法和参数优化方法建立不同植被类型的光能利用率估算模型。验证结果表明,考虑晴空指数可提高光能利用率估算精度,两种方法估算得到的光能利用率值RMSE均低于0.5 gC·MJ-1,逐步线性回归法尽管机理欠缺,但由于选择因子较多,光能利用率估算精度较高（R2=0.461,RMSE=0.403 gC·MJ-1）;广泛应用的参数化方法由于考虑的因子较少、模型形式较固定,光能利用率估算精度稍低（R2=0.306,RMSE=0.489 gC·MJ-1）。本文所建立的光能利用率估算模型可应用于区域或全球植被光能利用率及生产力的估算。 相似文献
7.
支持向量机回归SVR（Support Vector Regression）方法作为叶面积指数反演的一种新思路,在LAI反演中具有一定的应用价值和前景,但SVR算法中惩罚系数C、核函数宽度参数g、不敏感损失函数参数ε的取值对回归精度有显著的影响。本文提出了一种基于人工蜂群算法ABC（Artificial Bee Colony）优化SVR参数的遥感影像叶面积指数反演方法。研究数据为美国土壤水分实验（SMEX02）2002年LAI实测数据和同期的Landsat 7 ETM+地表反射率数据,为了验证ABC算法优化SVR各个参数对反演精度的影响,建立了未优化参数（SVR）、优化单个参数（ABC-SVR-C,ABC-SVR-g,ABC-SVR-ε）、优化3个参数（ABC-SVR）的3类LAI反演模型,并比较了其回归拟合精度。在此基础上,分析了3个关键参数对LAI反演模型精度的敏感性,并对ABC算法优化SVR模型的精度进行显著性检验。研究表明：（1）相比未优化参数模型,ABC算法优化模型具有更高的反演精度,优化3个参数优于优化单个参数,回归直线斜率k达到0.797、决定系数r2达到0.775。（2）SVR的3个关键参数对模型精度都有影响,相较参数C和g,参数ε引起模型精度的不确定性更高。（3）95%的置信区间下,ABC-SVR模型与SVR模型的回归直线斜率k、r2、RMSE的差异显著性检验P值均小于0.005,ABC算法显著改善了SVR模型的精度。 相似文献
8.
Sentinel-2卫星落叶松林龄信息反演 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
林龄结构信息能够有效反映区域森林群落不同生长阶段的固碳能力，对于评估森林生态系统的健康状况具有重要意义。本研究以中国温带典型优势树种落叶松林为研究对象，分别选择其芽萌动期、展叶期和落叶期时段的Sentinel-2影像，采用多元线性回归（MLR）、随机森林（RF）、支持向量机回归（SVR）、前馈反向传播神经网络（BP）以及多元自适应回归样条（MARS）等5种方法依次构建落叶松林龄反演模型。通过相关性分析首先确定最佳遥感反演物候期，并在此基础上根据相关性差异筛选出5个最优特征变量用于模型反演，分别为冠层含水量（CWC），归一化水体指数（NDWI），叶面积指数（LAI），光合有效辐射吸收率（FAPAR）和植被覆盖度（FVC）。研究结果表明，展叶期为落叶松林最佳遥感反演物候期。除植被衰减指数（PSRI）以及落叶期的NDVI、RVI外，落叶松林龄与各指标之间均呈负相关关系，其中与冠层含水量（CWC）的相关性最高，pearson相关系数达到-0.74（p<0.01）。此外，不同模型反演结果表明，随机森林模型（RF）为最佳落叶松林龄估测模型，其平均决定系数R2和平均均方根误差RMSE分别为0.89和2.91 a；多元线性回归模型（MLR）的林龄估测结果最差，其平均决定系数R2和平均均方根误差RMSE仅为0.57和5.69 a，非线性模型能更好的解释林龄与建模变量之间的关系。 相似文献
9.
在油气资源遥感探测中，通过烃渗漏引起的海表面甲烷气浓度异常来探测海底气藏是最直接的方法之一。为了更好地识别海表甲烷异常，提高遥感反演精度，对海表甲烷气含量进行定量光谱分析研究。设计室内甲烷波谱测试平台，获取海水背景下不同含量甲烷高光谱数据为数据，对光谱数据预处理及进行比值导数光谱法，并提取光谱吸收特征参数，对甲烷含量与光谱参数之间进行相关性分析，构建甲烷含量的反演模型。比值导数光谱法确实抑制了海水背景信息，突出了甲烷特征。1650—1664 nm和2180—2210 nm波段范围的光谱参数与甲烷含量相关性显著；其中，波谷、波深、面积、斜率与甲烷含量显著相关。基于2180—2210 nm波段范围建立的波谷、波深、面积、斜率四元回归方程y=-14.356 - 5931.796x1 - 4325.081x2+241.481x3+7531.973x4拟合效果最好，R2为0.9817；且在此波段范围内基于波深建立的单变量甲烷反演模型y = 2047.571x - 9.758，R2为0.9741，比基于其他变量所建立的反演模型效果要好。成功获取了和海水背景下甲烷含量线性相关显著的对应波段和吸收特征，可为利用多/高光谱遥感预测勘探海表面甲烷气浓度提供一定的理论和技术依据。 相似文献
10.
大气气溶胶的监测对全球气候变化、区域空气质量和公共健康等研究具有重要的意义,而中国台湾岛四面环海,地理位置特殊,若忽略其大气环流和局地排放源造成的气溶胶特征时空异质性将会导致气溶胶参数反演误差。因此本研究使用中国台湾岛多个具有代表性的AERONET（AErosol RObotic NETwork）观测站历史数据和MODIS气溶胶光学厚度AOD（Aerosol Optical Depth）反演产品,分析5个典型站点气溶胶参数及其类型的时空变化特征及差异,分析结果表明：（1）各站点AOD年平均值逐年下降,呈现春季最高（0.5257）的季节变化特征和双峰结构的日变化规律,主导气溶胶类型为城市工业型（仅鹿林站点为海洋型）。（2）中国台湾地区风向多为东北风,风速越大,AOD值越低,海洋型气溶胶占比越高;反之则以城市工业型气溶胶为主。（3）?ngstr?m波长指数（AE）、单次散射比（SSA）、复折射指数虚部、不对称因子平均值分别为1.3283、0.9564、0.0054、0.7292;相比于北京（39.9768°N,116.3813°E）站,台湾“中央大学”AOD年平均值、季节变化、主导气溶胶类型均存在较大的差异。（4）MODIS AOD分站点验证精度较高,而在高山鹿林站的验证精度稍低（R2=0.5925）;而利用不同气溶胶类型的分类验证结果显示,城市工业（R2=0.7238）、生物质燃烧（R2=0.6161）和次大陆型（R2=0.5116）精度较高,但海洋型（R2=0.1585）、大陆型（R2=0.1111）AOD验证精度显著降低。本研究表明,中国台湾岛气溶胶类型呈现西南沿岸站点秋冬季次大陆型占比上升,西北沿岸大陆型上升的时空特征差异,细化气溶胶参数的时间差异和时间动态变化信息将对气溶胶卫星反演算法在环流特征明显的近海区域有着重要指导作用。 相似文献
11.
Forests play a vital role in biological cycles and environmental regulation. To understand the key processes of forest canopies (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration), reliable and accurate information on spatial variability of Leaf Area Index (LAI), and its seasonal dynamics is essential. In the present study, we assessed the performance of biophysical parameter (LAI) retrieval methods viz. Look-Up Table (LUT)-inversion, MLRA-GPR (Machine Learning Regression Algorithm- Gaussian Processes Regression) and empirical models, for estimating the LAI of tropical deciduous plantation using ARTMO (Automated Radiative Transfer Models Operator) tool and Sentinel-2 satellite images. The study was conducted in Central Tarai Forest Division, Haldwani, located in the Uttarakhand state, India. A total of 49 ESUs (Elementary Sampling Unit) of 30 m × 30 m size were established based on variability in composition and age of plantation stands. In-situ LAI was recorded using plant canopy imager during the leaf growing, peak and senescence seasons. The PROSAIL model was calibrated with site-specific biophysical and biochemical parameters before used to the predicted LAI. The plantation LAI was also predicted by an empirical approach using optimally chosen Sentinel-2 vegetation indices. In addition, Sentinel-2 and MODIS LAI products were evaluated with respect to LAI measurements. MLRA-GPR offered best results for predicting LAI of leaf growing (R2 = 0.9, RMSE = 0.14), peak (R2 = 0.87, RMSE = 0.21) and senescence (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 0.31) seasons while LUT inverted model outperformed VI’s based parametric regression model. Vegetation indices (VIs) derived from 740 nm, 783 nm and 2190 nm band combinations of Sentinel-2 offered the best prediction of LAI. 相似文献
12.
The Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) has three spectral bands centered at 705, 740, and 783 nm wavelengths that exploit the red-edge information useful for quantifying plant biochemical traits. This sensor configuration is expected to improve the prediction accuracy of vegetation chlorophyll content. In this work, we assessed the performance of several statistical and physical-based methods in retrieving canopy chlorophyll content (CCC) from Sentinel-2 in a heterogeneous mixed mountain forest. Amongst the algorithms presented in the literature, 13 different vegetation indices (VIs), a non-parametric statistical approach, and two radiative transfer models (RTM) were used to assess the CCC prediction accuracy. A field campaign was conducted in July 2017 to collect in situ measurements of CCC in Bavarian forest national park, and the cloud-free Sentinel-2 image was acquired on 13 July 2017. The leave-one-out cross-validation technique was used to compare the VIs and the non-parametric approach. Whereas physical-based methods were calibrated using simulated data and validated using the in situ reference dataset. The statistical-based approaches, such as the modified simple ratio (mSR) vegetation index and the partial least square regression (PLSR) outperformed all other techniques. As such the modified simple ratio (mSR3) (665, 865) gave the lowest cross-validated RMSE of 0.21 g/m2 (R2 = 0.75). The PLSR resulted in the highest R2 of 0.78, and slightly higher RMSE =0.22 g/m2 than mSR3. The physical-based approach-INFORM inversion using look-up table resulted in an RMSE =0.31 g/m2, and R2 = 0.67. Although mapping CCC using these methods revealed similar spatial distribution patterns, over and underestimation of low and high CCC values were observed mainly in the statistical approaches. Further validation using in situ data from different terrestrial ecosystems is imperative for both the statistical and physical-based approaches' effectiveness to quantify CCC before selecting the best operational algorithm to map CCC from Sentinel-2 for long-term terrestrial ecosystems monitoring across the globe. 相似文献
13.
Roshanak Darvishzadeh Clement Atzberger Andrew Skidmore Martin Schlerf 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2011,66(6):894-906
Statistical and physical models have seldom been compared in studying grasslands. In this paper, both modeling approaches are investigated for mapping leaf area index (LAI) in a Mediterranean grassland (Majella National Park, Italy) using HyMap airborne hyperspectral images. We compared inversion of the PROSAIL radiative transfer model with narrow band vegetation indices (NDVI-like and SAVI2-like) and partial least squares regression (PLS). To assess the performance of the investigated models, the normalized RMSE (nRMSE) and R2 between in situ measurements of leaf area index and estimated parameter values are reported. The results of the study demonstrate that LAI can be estimated through PROSAIL inversion with accuracies comparable to those of statistical approaches (R2 = 0.89, nRMSE = 0.22). The accuracy of the radiative transfer model inversion was further increased by using only a spectral subset of the data (R2 = 0.91, nRMSE = 0.18). For the feature selection wavebands not well simulated by PROSAIL were sequentially discarded until all bands fulfilled the imposed accuracy requirements. 相似文献
14.
The mangrove forests of northeast Hainan Island are the most species diverse forests in China and consist of the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve and the Qinglan Provincial Nature Reserve. The former reserve is the first Chinese national nature reserve for mangroves and the latter has the most abundant mangrove species in China. However, to date the aboveground ground biomass (AGB) of this mangrove region has not been quantified due to the high species diversity and the difficulty of extensive field sampling in mangrove habitat. Although three-dimensional point clouds can capture the forest vertical structure, their application to large areas is hindered by the logistics, costs and data volumes involved. To fill the gap and address this issue, this study proposed a novel upscaling method for mangrove AGB estimation using field plots, UAV-LiDAR strip data and Sentinel-2 imagery (named G∼LiDAR∼S2 model) based on a point-line-polygon framework. In this model, the partial-coverage UAV-LiDAR data were used as a linear bridge to link ground measurements to the wall-to-wall coverage Sentinel-2 data. The results showed that northeast Hainan Island has a total mangrove AGB of 312,806.29 Mg with a mean AGB of 119.26 Mg ha−1. The results also indicated that at the regional scale, the proposed UAV-LiDAR linear bridge method (i.e., G∼LiDAR∼S2 model) performed better than the traditional approach, which directly relates field plots to Sentinel-2 data (named the G∼S2 model) (R2 = 0.62 > 0.52, RMSE = 50.36 Mg ha−1<56.63 Mg ha−1). Through a trend extrapolation method, this study inferred that the G∼LiDAR∼S2 model could decrease the number of field samples required by approximately 37% in comparison with those required by the G∼S2 model in the study area. Regarding the UAV-LiDAR sampling intensity, compared with the original number of LiDAR plots, 20% of original linear bridges could produce an acceptable accuracy (R2 = 0.62, RMSE = 51.03 Mg ha−1). Consequently, this study presents the first investigation of AGB for the mangrove forests on northeast Hainan Island in China and verifies the feasibility of using this mangrove AGB upscaling method for diverse mangrove forests. 相似文献
15.
Sentinel-2数据的冬小麦地上干生物量估算及评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
作物生物量快速精确的监测对于农业资源的合理利用与农田的精准管理具有重要意义。近年来,遥感技术因其独特的优势已被广泛用于作物生物量的估算中。本文主要针对不同宽波段植被指数在冬小麦生物量(文中的生物量均是指地上干生物量)估算方面的表现进行探索。首先利用欧洲空间局最新的Sentinel-2A卫星数据提取出17种常见的植被指数,之后分别构建其与相应时期内采集的冬小麦地上生物量间的最优估算模型,通过分析两者间的相关性与敏感性,获取适宜进行生物量估算的指数。最后,绘制了研究区的生物量空间分布图。结果表明,所选的植被指数均与生物量显著相关。其中,红边叶绿素指数(CI_(re))与生物量的估算精度最高(决定性系数R~2为0.83;均方根误差RMSE为180.29 g·m~(–2))。虽然相关性较高,但部分指数,如归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)等在生物量较高时会出现饱和现象,从而导致生物量的低估。而加入红边波段的指数不仅能够延缓指数的饱和趋势,而且能够提高反演精度。此外,通过敏感性分析发现,归一化差值指数和比值指数分别在作物生长的早期和中后期对生物量的变化保持较高的敏感性。由于红边比值指数(SR_(re))和MERIS叶绿素敏感指数(MTCI)在冬小麦全生长季内一直对生物量的变化保持高灵敏性,二者是生物量估算中最为稳定的指数。 相似文献
16.
Yanfang Ming Lijuan Cheng Huiyong Yu Chunxiang Wang 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(1):69-79
This study investigates the applicability of estimating chlorophyll and water content at canopy level through empirical models and band combinations. The main goal is to evaluate and compare the accuracy of these two approaches for estimating and mapping canopy chlorophyll and water content through canopy reflectance and spaceborne HJ1-A HSI data acquired over Yanzhou coal mining area. An experiment was carried out. Canopy spectral measurements were acquired in the field using an ASD spectroradiometer along with simultaneous in situ measurements of leaf chlorophyll content. We tested seven variables derived from canopy reflectance for detecting canopy chlorophyll and water content: (1) R, (2) Log(1/R), (3) Log(1/R)′, (4) FDR, (5) SDR, (6) CRR, (7) BD. Stepwise multiple linear regressions were used to select wavelengths from HJ1-A HSI image bands. Correlation analysis was also done between different band combinations and biochemistry. A statistically significant relationship between Log(1/R) and chlorophyll was found at canopy level (R2 = 0.516). SDR had the highest correlation with canopy water content (R2 = 0.490). In addition, relationship between normalized different band combinations and chlorophyll and water content is also significantly obvious (R2 = 0.577 and R2 = 0.615). Canopy chlorophyll content was estimated with the intermediate accuracy (R2 = 0.4144), while water content was estimated with an acceptable accuracy (R2 = 0.4592). Canopy chlorophyll and water content spatial distribution were mapped. Chlorophyll and water stress levels were quantified by comparing different environmental stressors. 相似文献
17.
Tawanda W. Gara Andrew K. Skidmore Roshanak Darvishzadeh Tiejun Wang 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(4):554-575
In remote sensing applications, leaf traits are often upscaled to canopy level using sunlit leaf samples collected from the upper canopy. The implicit assumption is that the top of canopy foliage material dominates canopy reflectance and the variability in leaf traits across the canopy is very small. However, the effect of different approaches of upscaling leaf traits to canopy level on model performance and estimation accuracy remains poorly understood. This is especially important in short or sparse canopies where foliage material from the lower canopy potentially contributes to the canopy reflectance. The principal aim of this study is to examine the effect of different approaches when upscaling leaf traits to canopy level on model performance and estimation accuracy using spectral measurements (in-situ canopy hyperspectral and simulated Sentinel-2 data) in short woody vegetation. To achieve this, we measured foliar nitrogen (N), leaf mass per area (LMA), foliar chlorophyll and carbon together with leaf area index (LAI) at three vertical canopy layers (lower, middle and upper) along the plant stem in a controlled laboratory environment. We then upscaled the leaf traits to canopy level by multiplying leaf traits by LAI based on different combinations of the three canopy layers. Concurrently, in-situ canopy reflectance was measured using an ASD FieldSpec-3 Pro FR spectrometer, and the canopy traits were related to in-situ spectral measurements using partial least square regression (PLSR). The PLSR models were cross-validated based on repeated k-fold, and the normalized root mean square errors (nRMSEcv) obtained from each upscaling approach were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Results of the study showed that leaf-to-canopy upscaling approaches that consider the contribution of leaf traits from the exposed upper canopy layer together with the shaded middle canopy layer yield significantly (p < 0.05) lower error (nRMSEcv < 0.2 for canopy N, LMA and carbon) as well as high explained variance (R2 > 0.71) for both in-situ hyperspectral and simulated Sentinel-2 data. The widely-used upscaling approach that considers only leaf traits from the upper illuminated canopy layer yielded a relatively high error (nRMSEcv>0.2) and lower explained variance (R2 < 0.71) for canopy N, LMA and carbon. In contrast, canopy chlorophyll upscaled based on leaf samples collected from the upper canopy and total canopy LAI exhibited a more accurate relationship with spectral measurements compared with other upscaling approaches. Results of this study demonstrate that leaf to canopy upscaling approaches have a profound effect on canopy traits estimation for both in-situ hyperspectral measurements and simulated Sentinel-2 data in short woody vegetation. These findings have implications for field sampling protocols of leaf traits measurement as well as upscaling leaf traits to canopy level especially in short and less foliated vegetation where leaves from the lower canopy contribute to the canopy reflectance. 相似文献
18.
Trees provide low-cost organic inputs, with the potential to improve livelihoods for rural communities. Understanding foliar nutrients of tree species is crucial for integration of trees into agroecosystems. The study explored nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) concentrations of nine browse species collected from the bushveld region of South Africa using wet analysis and laboratory spectroscopy in the region 400–2500 nm, along with partial least squares (PLS) regression. We further explore the relationship between canopy reflectance of Sentinel-2 image and foliar N, P, K & Ca. Laboratory spectroscopy was significant for N estimation, while satellite imagery also revealed useful information about the estimation of nitrogen at landscape level. Nitrogen was highly correlated with spectral reflectance (R2 = 0.72, p < 0.05) for winter and (R2 = 0.88, p < 0.05) for summer, whilst prediction of phosphorus potassium and calcium were considered not accurate enough to be of practical use. Modelling the relationship using Sentinel-2 data showed lower correlations for nitrogen (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.05) and the other nutrients when compared to the dried samples. The findings indicate that there is potential to assess and monitor resource quality of indigenous trees using nitrogen as key indicator. This multi-level remote sensing approach has promise for providing rapid plant nutrient analyses at different scales. 相似文献
19.
Remote sensing technology is important for soil organic matter (SOM) estimation, but existing studies have mainly relied on a single data source. This limitation makes it difficult to simultaneously ensure high spatial resolution, high spectral accuracy and refined temporal granularity simultaneously, which cannot meet the requirements of the spatiotemporal dynamics representation. This study aimed to introduce a new remote sensing image source into SOM modeling and spatiotemporal estimation generated by fusing together Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 remote sensing images that have a 5-day revisit cycle; 10 m spatial resolution; and 21 different bands in blue, green, red and NIR spectral ranges. According to the image fusion process, a total of 52 available images were acquired between November 2016 and December 2018 in Donghai County, China. The fused images were used for SOM estimation model associated with 107 field samples. The results indicated that, first, the optimal model consisted of the band reflectivity (B20) and RVI (B18/B9), which were derived from the fused images, and the R2 approached 0.7 in the two phases of the synchronized data. Second, the modeling accuracy was influenced to some extent by the actual SOM content. The R2 values exceeded 0.75 when the SOM content was higher than 24 g/kg, while the R2 was even lower than 0.35 when the SOM content was lower. Third, the averaged SOM contents remained stable in general, while the seasonal variances can also be found during the two-year interval. The SOM contents maintained a low level during autumn and winter, while higher SOM levels were found in the spring and summer. Finally, the spatial variations could be described as ‘low in the west and high in the east’. In summary, the spatiotemporal dynamics of SOM highlighted the necessity of modeling with fused remote sensing images, and more effective modeling could be expected with the continued increase in SOM in future. 相似文献