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本文通过对出露于青藏高原东南缘云南六合地区的新生代深源岩石包体(斜长角闪岩、角闪石岩和石榴石透辉岩)的显微组构和地震波各向异性的研究来约束新生代青藏高原东南缘的地壳各向异性.通过角闪石地质压力计计算得知斜长角闪岩、角闪石岩和石榴石透辉岩包体来源于地壳28～36km,为中-下地壳岩石包体.EBSD测量结果显示包体中角闪石的CPO (晶格优选定向)为Type-IV型和(100)[001]滑移,单斜辉石的CPO为SL型和(100)[001]滑移,暗示中-下地壳为高温强变形的特征.通过CPO数据计算获得斜长角闪岩、角闪石岩和石榴石透辉岩包体全岩VP各向异性为1.9%～13.3%,最大分裂的剪切波各向异性(AVS)为1.17%～8.01%.结合前人的研究结果,该地区的地壳岩石能够解释利用Pms震相测量获得的分裂延迟时间,表明云南西北地区的壳内各向异性源于中-下地壳矿物的定向排列.云南西北地区的Pms快波方向近NW-SE向分布并与SKS的快波方向相近,暗示岩石圈变形是耦合的,受控于青藏高原向东南挤出的构造背景. 相似文献
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当人们试图解释青藏高原异常的剪切波分裂成因时,以下的问题让人们感到困惑:(1)为什么异常大的SKS分裂延时(1.91-2.4s)出现在青藏高原北部Sn波缺失区;(2)为什么分裂延时突变(1.47s和1.09s)出现在Sn波缺失区的边缘;(3)为什么快波极化方向(FPD)与地表大规模的构造走向之间存在约20°-30°的偏差. 本文在综合分析流变学实验和岩石物理学实验研究成果、青藏高原地质和地球物理资料的基础上,提出青藏高原北部地震波各向异性受岩石圈地幔主要矿物的晶格优选方位(LPO)和熔体的定向分布(MPO)的双重控制,并模拟计算了MPO对青藏高原北部岩石圈地幔各向异性强度的贡献. 研究结果表明,由MPO强化的青藏高原北部岩石圈地幔各向异性强度可达10髎,相应的各向异性层厚度平均为94km. 该结果为研究区SKS分裂的成因解释以及造山带深部地质过程的研究提供了新的约束条件. 相似文献
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地震波各向异性主要受岩石中矿物晶格优选方位(Crystallographic Preferred Orientation,CPO)的影响,橄榄石的CPO控制着上地幔的地震波各向异性。将岩石中矿物的CPO与全岩地震波各向异性相结合,可以解释在全球不同构造单元观测到的地震波各向异性,从而进行构造变形和动力学过程分析。文中在总结岩石圈主要各向异性矿物的CPO和各向异性特征的基础上,以青藏高原东南缘岩石圈地幔包体为例,对其显微组构和地震波各向异性进行研究,结果显示青藏高原东南缘岩石圈地幔的构造环境发生改变,岩石圈地幔无法解释观测到的剪切波分裂(SKS)地震波各向异性,需要考虑其他各向异性来源。由此可见,研究岩石圈地幔矿物的CPO对合理约束地球物理测量资料和分析岩石圈变形特征至关重要。 相似文献
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人们普通认为,地壳和上地幔中存在P波各向异性,即P波速度随方位而变化。现已观测到分层介质、韧性岩石内排列成行的晶体和脆性岩石内排列成行的裂隙的各向异性效应,并由此进行推测,使人们获得地球构造和地质力学过程方面的资料。地壳和上地幔P波地震各向异性是1982年在苏联苏兹达尔召开的第一 相似文献
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在复杂区域应力场的作用下, 大范围扩容各向异性(extensive-dilatancy anisotropy, EDA)造成的裂隙定向排列形成了地壳内部介质的不均匀性。 因此, 地壳介质各向异性的描述不仅限于横向各向同性(transversely isotropic, TI)的理论。 我们首先利用自相关函数随机扰动得到水平向小尺度速度不均匀, 然后利用这种不均匀性描述地壳介质中EDA裂隙定向排列所造成的介质各向异性, 利用数值模拟弹性波在该介质中的传播过程验证了利用介质的不均匀性构建介质的各向异性是一个有效、 可靠的方法。 可以将此方法应用到复杂地壳介质结构中, 了解地震波在复杂地壳各向异性介质中的传播特征。 相似文献
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深部岩石的弹性波各向异性是人们了解地壳深部构造特征,分析其成因,探讨其动力学意义的重要岩石物理参数。实验结果表明由矿物晶格定向分布(LPO)所引起的地壳岩石平均各向异性强度通常不超过5%,远不足以解释在青藏高原地壳中所观测到的弹性波各向异性之强度。模拟结果显示,熔体的定向分布(MPO)能够引起强烈的弹性波各向异性。例如,当熔体的形态因子(α)值介于0.1～0.5之间,熔融程度为5%～10%时,由定向分布的酸性熔体囊所产生的各向异性强度可以达到2%～10%(P波)、2.2～40%(S波)。众多研究资料显示,青藏高原—川滇西部具有加厚的中、上地壳和高地热梯度,低度部分熔融作用在其深部地壳中广泛存在。低度熔体在构造应力作用下的定向分布可能是造成该地区深部地壳存在异常强的各向异性层的重要原因。这暗示目前在青藏高原—川滇西部探测到的异常强的区域性各向异性层是具有部分熔融成因的强烈构造变形带。该构造变形带具有潜在的"解耦"功能,并作为地壳浅部刚性层(块体)的底界协调着块体与其下伏地壳或岩石圈地幔的差异运动。 相似文献
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T. Weiss S. Siegesmund W. Rabbel T. Bohlen M. Pohl 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1999,156(1-2):97-122
—Seismic anisotropy is often neglected in seismic studies of the earth’s crust. Since anisotropy is a common property of many typically deep crustal rocks, its potential contribution to solving questions of the deep crust is evaluated. The anisotropic seismic velocities obtained from laboratory measurements can be verified by computations based on the elastic constants and on numerical data pertaining to the texture of rock-forming minerals. For typical lower crustal rocks the influence of layering is significantly less important than the influence of rock texture. Surprisingly, most natural lower crustal rocks show a hexagonal type of anisotropy. Maximum anisotropy is observed for rocks with a high content of aligned mica. It seems possible to distinguish between layered intrusives and metasediments on the basis of in situ measurements of anisotropy, which can thus be used to validate different scenarios of crustal evolution. 相似文献
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A central target in Earth sciences is the study of deformation at various depth levels within the Earth. Seismology has offered a remarkable tool for doing this via seismic anisotropy. It is however not always clear how to interpret those observations. A question of interest is to understand the relation between the deformation of the mantle and the crust, and in studying the relation between the two. Mantle deformation is expressed in seismic anisotropy. In this paper we seek an objective way of extracting information about crustal fabric as well, to be able to compare with seismic anisotropy. The magnetization of crustal rocks offers an attractive possibility for doing this. We thus explore the use of magnetic data, and we compare magnetic crustal fabric orientation with mantle fabric observations from seismic anisotropy. We apply our technique to the North American craton for which we have an excellent magnetic dataset, and we show that there is a clear relation between crustal and mantle fabric for the cratonic region. This has important implications for crustal formation, and for interpreting seismic anisotropy observations. 相似文献
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M. Pohl. F. Wenzel T. Weiss S. Siegesmund T. Bohlen W. Rabbel 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1999,156(1-2):139-155
—The genesis of the laminated lower crust has been attributed to extensional processes leading to structural and textural ordering. This implies that the lower crust might be anisotropic. Laboratory measurements of lower crustal rock samples and xenolithes show evidence of anisotropy in these rocks due to oriented structure.¶In this paper we investigate the seismic shear-wave response of realistic anisotropic lower crustal models using the anisotropic reflectivity method. Our models are based on representative petrophysical data obtained from exposed lower crustal sections in Calabria (South Italy), Val Strona and Val Sesia (Ivrea Zone, Northern Italy). The models consist of stacks of anisotropic layers characterized by quantified elastic tensors derived from representative rock samples which provide alternating high and low velocity layers.¶The seismic signature of the data is comparable to seismic observations of in situ lower crust. For the models based on the Calabria and Val Strona sequences shear-wave splitting occurs for the Moho reflection at offsets beyond 70 km with travel-time delays up to 300 and 500 ms, respectively. The leading shear wave is predominantly horizontally polarized and followed by a predominantly vertically polarized shear wave. Contrastingly, the Val Sesia model shows no clear evidence of birefringence. Isotropic versus anisotropic modelling demonstrates that the shear-wave splitting is clearly related to the intrinsic anisotropy of the lower crustal rocks for the Val Strona sequence. No evidence of birefringence caused by thin layering is found. 相似文献
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Methods of calculating petrophysical properties from lattice preferred orientation data 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
We consider the theoretical problems of calculating the physical properties of an aggregate from the constituent crystal properties and the lattice preferred orientation. The notion of a macroscopically homogeneous sample with an internally varing distribution of stress and strain fields is introduced to explain why further efforts have to be made to improve on the physically based Voigt and Reuss bounds. It is shown that the Voigt and Reuss bounds become increasingly separated with inceasing anisotropy, emphasising the need for better methods. The problem of highly anisotropic minerals is illustrated with polycrystals of plagioclase feldspar and biotite. Biotite is used to illustrate the mean velocity, the geometric mean and the self-consistent methods. The self-consistent method, which is generally accepted to give the best estimate, is almost identical to geometric mean recently introduced by Matthies and Humbert (1993) and similar to the arithmetic mean of the Voigt and Reuss bounds (Hill, 1952). The geometric mean has the powerful physical condition that the aggregate mean is equal to the mean of the inverse property (e.g. mean elastic stiffness and compliance). Despite its lack of theoretical justification the Hill average remains a useful estimate. 相似文献
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中国华北地区壳内低速高导层（体）成因模式的探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
依据高温高压下华北地区地壳主要岩石的物理性质－波速，电性测定的结果，提出了华北地区低速高导层可能的成因模式以及不同模式的适应范围。认为；碳酸盐岩在深部一定温度，压力和氧逸度条件下碳的析出会导致高导层体的出现；深部韧性剪切带组成矿物的定向排列，可使岩石的波速，电生产生各向异性行为，导致低速高导层的产生；绿片岩相和角闪岩相石中含水矿物的脱水作用会导致上，中地壳岩石物理力学性质的突变，这可能是该地区低速 相似文献