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1.
地震波各向异性主要受岩石中矿物晶格优选方位(Crystallographic Preferred Orientation,CPO)的影响,橄榄石的CPO控制着上地幔的地震波各向异性。将岩石中矿物的CPO与全岩地震波各向异性相结合,可以解释在全球不同构造单元观测到的地震波各向异性,从而进行构造变形和动力学过程分析。文中在总结岩石圈主要各向异性矿物的CPO和各向异性特征的基础上,以青藏高原东南缘岩石圈地幔包体为例,对其显微组构和地震波各向异性进行研究,结果显示青藏高原东南缘岩石圈地幔的构造环境发生改变,岩石圈地幔无法解释观测到的剪切波分裂(SKS)地震波各向异性,需要考虑其他各向异性来源。由此可见,研究岩石圈地幔矿物的CPO对合理约束地球物理测量资料和分析岩石圈变形特征至关重要。  相似文献   

2.
分析了由Kyrgyzstan宽带台网(KNET)记录的P-SV转换震相来研究天山部和哈萨克地盾下方上地幔中的相变特征。在几个山脉前沿台站的记录中,来自天山下方410km间断面的P-SV震相比来自哈萨克地盾的早2s。因为哈萨克地盾台站的时间延迟是正常的,而且天山这一部位下方上地幔地震波的速度明显地低(大约比哈萨克地盾北边低4%),来自410km的较早转换波波至表明了这些间断面被拾升了大约20m。41  相似文献   

3.
伊通地堑上地幔剪切带   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
通过研究糜棱岩型幔源包体的变形显微构造、位错亚构造及组构特征,确定它是上地幔剪切带的代表物质。该带形成温度为729~828℃、压力为1.10~1.38GPa、差异应力为97~150MPa、应变速率为IO ̄(-14)~1O ̄(-12)s ̄(-1)、等效粘滞度为10~1000EPa·s和深度为37~45km。这是一种与地幔底辟作用有关的规模较小的缓倾斜剪切带,也是应变集中带,能导致上地幔地震波速各向异性,并与地震活动有关  相似文献   

4.
青藏高原东南缘地震各向异性及其深部构造意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
青藏东南缘是青藏高原物质东流的通道,为了更全面了解复杂的岩石圈结构和强烈的变形特征,本文介绍了青藏东南缘岩石圈各向异性的形态,综合其他研究者得到的该区域壳幔各向异性结果,增加了部分新的资料,更新了青藏东南缘岩石圈方位各向异性图像,探讨了区域深部构造意义.
基于近场小震、远震和背景噪声资料计算结果,青藏东南缘地震各向异性展现出独特的区域空间分布和垂向层次性分布形态,展现了3个主要特征.(1)青藏东南缘上地壳各向异性与地表变形测量结果相符,快剪切波偏振方向(即快波方向)呈现与地表运动特征一致的发散性,与主压应力方向一致,但受到地质构造的影响.(2)青藏东南缘下地壳方位各向异性展现了更好的方向一致性,但方位各向异性程度相对较弱,在红河断裂带西北端部和小江断裂带下方有两个下地壳低速区,其方位各向异性程度与上地壳相当.(3)青藏东南缘岩石圈方位各向异性,呈现南、北分区特征,南北分界线大致在26°20'N,快波方向在北部近似为NS方向,在南部近似为EW方向.
本文推测:(1)在26°20'N北侧的上地幔有较厚的高速体,高速体南侧边缘呈现出近EW走向的直立墙形构造,其南侧软弱的上地幔物质在EW方向上流动,导致了岩石圈方位各向异性特征在空间发生突然的变化,快波方向由北部的NS变为南部的EW方向;(2)小江断裂带是现今的华南地块的地壳西边界,但岩石圈尺度的方位各向异性展现出的趋势性表明,华南地块的上地幔物质越过了小江断裂带到达其西侧,揭示了华南地块与青藏地块接触碰撞造成的岩石圈物质变形和上地幔软流圈物质运移的深部图像.地震各向异性能揭示区域深部构造与介质变形的信息,不同观测资料的综合分析有助于获得更清晰的各向异性三维图像.  相似文献   

5.
冯力理  陈运泰  雷军 《地震学报》2014,36(6):981-996
利用非洲台阵(Africa Array)最新的地震记录,通过测量远震SKS震相的分裂参数,详细分析了非洲中东部地区地球介质各向异性可能的成因,包括随应力场变化定向排布的裂隙和岩浆透镜体,以及橄榄石晶格的定向排布等. 结果表明,现今上地幔流动导致的橄榄石晶格定向排布是其各向异性的主要成因,该结果与250 km深度的地幔流动模型一致. 对于少数台站出现的异常结果,则尝试用D″各向异性和双层各向异性模型来解释,并在此基础上讨论了D″各向异性的研究意义.   相似文献   

6.
利用来自汤加—斐济及周边地区发生的47次地震并由中国地震台网中心和IRIS台站记录到的数据,与来自东亚北部及北太平洋地区发生的26次地震并由IRIS台站记录到的数据, 使用ScS-S相对走时分析方法研究了西太平洋下D区的剪切波各向异性, 得到了核幔边界反射点上ScS波径向分量和横向分量的分裂时间, 并计算了D区的地震波各向异性强度. 发现ScS波通过西太平洋下D区时普遍呈现出径向分量走时大于横向分量走时的模式. ScS波的分裂时间值为-0.91~3.21s, 平均值为1.1 s; 各向异性强度值为-0.45%~1.56%, 平均值为0.52%. 观测和分析结果表明, 西太平洋下D区水平流应占支配地位,各向异性结构主要是具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性介质. 形成这种结构的可能原因是地幔底部水平流导致的核幔边界反应产物或部分熔融物质的形状优选方向, 或下地幔物质的晶格优选方向.   相似文献   

7.
本文阐述了独联体乌克兰地盾中部克里沃罗日铁矿盆地上超深井岩心标本的温压实验,(1)研究岩石弹性纵波速度(Vp)和横波速率(Vs)及其各向异性系数,杨氏模量(E)剪切模量(G),压缩率(β)泊松系数(σ)与流体静压力,正常温压和高温高压的关系。(2)研究了岩石导热率(λ)和导温率(α)和热容量(c)与温压的关系;(3)随着压力的增大,岩石弹性波速度及其各向异性分别是增大和减小的,在不同方向上弹性汉事  相似文献   

8.
通过分析首都圈数字地震台网的49个宽频带和甚宽带台站的远震SKS波形资料,采用最小切向能量的网格搜索法和叠加分析方法,求得每一个台站的SKS快波偏振方向和快、慢波的时间延迟,获得了首都圈地区上地幔各向异性图象.首都圈地区的各向异性快波方向基本上呈WNW-ESE方向,快、慢波时间延迟为0.56——1.56s.研究表明,首都圈地区上地幔存在明显的各向异性,引起各向异性的主要原因是研究区受太平洋板块俯冲作用下软流圈物质变形,使得上地幔橄榄岩等晶体的晶格优势取向沿物质流动方向.另外,中国大陆受印度板块与欧亚板块的强烈碰撞,大陆西部地壳增厚隆起,同时造成物质东向挤出,使得首都圈地区上地幔物质沿快波方向变形.通过研究区各向异性快波方向和伸展运动方向与GPS测量得到的速度场对比分析,首都圈地区壳幔变形可能具有垂直连贯变形特征.   相似文献   

9.
<正>大陆动力学是当今固体地球科学各领域研究的主导方向。尽管大陆动力学研究所涉及的问题十分广泛,但其核心问题是研究大陆的变形及其动力学机理。地球介质的各向异性与其矿物组成、温压条件、应力状态以及变形历史密切相关,因此,地球介质的各向异性参数已成为推测地下不同层位介质变形的重要依据。早期的研究认为,地球内部的各向异性主要源自地幔物质在高温高压环境下塑性流动形成的橄榄石晶格优势排列,且主要表现在上地幔或者上地幔的顶部,而地壳的各向异性可以  相似文献   

10.
青藏高原及邻区的Rayleigh面波的方位各向异性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用Rayleigh波层析成像研究青藏高原地壳上地幔方位各向异性.收集了包括近年来在云南和川西藏东地区布设的流动台网在内的青藏高原及周边地区宽频带地震台站的记录,使得大部分地区有理想的射线覆盖,因此反演结果获得较高的分辨.模型分辨率的测试表明,大于400km范围内的各向异性特征以及大于2%的各向异性强度是可靠的.青藏高原内部的方位各向异性具有与大地构造相似的分区特征.高原东部大部分地区地壳各向异性强度大于2%,且表现为环绕喜马拉雅东构造结的顺时针旋转.在垂直方向上,高原内部的上地壳、下地壳和岩石圈地幔的各向异性方向基本一致,也与GPS所观测到的速度场和SKS快波方向基本一致,揭示高原下方的岩石圈变形是垂直连贯变形.在高原外部的云南地区,地壳和上地幔岩石圈方位各向异性的强度均小于2%,因此SKS波从核幔边界至台站间产生的分裂应主要归因于软流圈.  相似文献   

11.
It has been hypothesised that seismic and electrical anisotropy at the base of the lithosphere are caused by strain-induced lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine [100] axes parallel to present-day plate motion. This would imply that seismic and electrical anisotropy observations can provide geodynamicists with fundamental information for characterising mantle flow. The qualitative agreement between the fast direction of SV-waves and direction of maximum electrical conductance modelled deeper than 150 km below the North Central craton of Australia appear to support a common alignment mechanism, and the observed, anisotropic electrical conductances can be generated by hydrogen diffusivity in a water-poor (<1000 ppm H/Si) olivine mantle. A quantitative test is proposed for the hypothesis that electrical anisotropy is generated by anisotropic hydrogen diffusion rates (D) in olivine. Electrical anisotropy factors are computed using random resistor network models assuming that D[100]≈20×D[010]≈40×D[001]. Electrical and seismic anisotropies calculated from olivine LPO angular distribution functions modelled for a range of shear strains under a simple shear deformation demonstrate that the intensity of olivine [100] alignments (and associated shear strains) that would be required to explain the electrical anisotropy in the mantle below central Australia are significantly greater than predicted by Rayleigh wave anisotropies. The poor agreement between the observed electrical anisotropies and the electrical anisotropies that would be predicted from the Rayleigh wave anisotropies indicates that either (i) electrical anisotropy in the upper mantle below central Australia is not generated by hydrogen diffusivity alone or (ii) the seismic anisotropy is underestimated. The orientation of the olivine [100] axes maxima is inferred to be ∼30° rotated relative to the direction of present-day absolute plate motion (APM) that is determined relative to the hotspot reference frame (HS2-NUVEL1). Both the APM direction that is determined relative to a reference frame defined by requiring no-net rotation of the lithosphere (NNR-NUVEL1) and GPS-derived plate motion vectors fit the geophysical observations of upper mantle anisotropy better. This may support the contention that hotspots are not stationary relative to the deep mantle.  相似文献   

12.
本文搜集江苏台网1982年-1987年2月间发生在江苏及其邻近地区103次地震的1047个P_n数据,经过静校正和质量分类,重新计算了震中距.选择灌云台为参考台,对一次地震的P_n数据,其它台均减去参考台的数据,成功地消除了与震源参数不确定有关的误差.处理中采用质量加权,获得了上地幔平均速度、大部分台P_n残差以及不同方位上P_n视速度估计值. 按Backus给出的波速各向异性的公式,求出江苏地区P_n速度与方位之间有2%左右的速度各向异性,最大方向和对称方向近南北,最小方向为北东东.推断其成因是由于白垩纪至第三纪期间壳下岩石圈北南向流变引起橄榄石晶体从优定向的结果.这为苏北盆地及下扬子碳酸盐岩地区地质构造形成发展动力学的建立提供了有利的深部依据.  相似文献   

13.
现代风成沉积物磁化率各向异性与风向关系的研究   总被引:19,自引:3,他引:16       下载免费PDF全文
通过对风洞及室内模拟定向风条件下的风成沉积物磁化率各向异性与风向之间关系的研究,发现风成沉积物磁化率各向异性的长轴方向的偏角不仅与风向有关,而且与粉尘沉积量有关。风成沉积物磁化率各向异性的长轴方向的偏角在α95(α95≤20°)的区间范围内与粉尘沉积量大的风向一致.在干旱、半干旱区,现代风成沉积物(沙丘、黄土的表层土)的磁化率各向异性的长轴方向的偏角在此范围区间内与常年盛行风向一致,尤其与沉积物沉降时的盛行风向一致.  相似文献   

14.
当人们试图解释青藏高原异常的剪切波分裂成因时,以下的问题让人们感到困惑:(1)为什么异常大的SKS分裂延时(1.91-2.4s)出现在青藏高原北部Sn波缺失区;(2)为什么分裂延时突变(1.47s和1.09s)出现在Sn波缺失区的边缘;(3)为什么快波极化方向(FPD)与地表大规模的构造走向之间存在约20°-30°的偏差. 本文在综合分析流变学实验和岩石物理学实验研究成果、青藏高原地质和地球物理资料的基础上,提出青藏高原北部地震波各向异性受岩石圈地幔主要矿物的晶格优选方位(LPO)和熔体的定向分布(MPO)的双重控制,并模拟计算了MPO对青藏高原北部岩石圈地幔各向异性强度的贡献. 研究结果表明,由MPO强化的青藏高原北部岩石圈地幔各向异性强度可达10髎,相应的各向异性层厚度平均为94km. 该结果为研究区SKS分裂的成因解释以及造山带深部地质过程的研究提供了新的约束条件.  相似文献   

15.
广东省两类不同成因类型花岗岩磁化率各向异性研究表明:Ⅰ型花岗岩的磁化率的数值较大,一致性较好;各向异性度比较小,磁化率椭球为纯压扁型.S型花岗岩的磁化率数值普遍较小,一致性较差;各向异性度比较大,磁化率椭球以兼具压扁型和拉长型为特征;岩体内部两种磁化率椭球(压扁型和拉长型)的3个主轴的方向具有较好的一致性.结合花岗岩的野外地质特征,作者认为,S型花岗岩在形成过程中受到了板块内部强烈的挤压和剪切作用,不同类型的源岩在强烈的挤压作用下局部地带发生破裂,发育了大规模的剪切推覆作用,在剪切热的作用下源岩物质被改造形成S型花岗岩;Ⅰ型花岗岩则是原始岩浆侵入到地壳上部形成,其形成的构造背景与当时板块的B型俯冲有关。  相似文献   

16.
This paper advances new evidence for elastic anisotropy in the continental subcrustal lithosphere in southern Germany. The range of petrological models compatible with the observed azimuthal variation of seismic P-wave velocity is explored. The azimuthal distribution of amplitudes of mantle phases and the observed increase of P velocity with depth both indicate a continuation of anisotropy with depth together with an increase of preferred orientation. Even depletion of the upper mantle in basaltic components, as suggested by mantle xenoliths from various parts of Germany, cannot explain the velocity-depth and azimuthal amplitude observations without an increase of anisotropy with depth.Preferred orientation of olivine is the most likely mechanism for the observed phenomena. Its fast a-axis at the Moho level is directed towards N22.5°E. The b-axis is also required to be horizontal; i.e., the b-plane, one of the preferred glide planes of olivine, is vertical, with a strike of N22.5°E. Therefore, this preferred glide plane of olivine practically coincides with the plane of maximum horizontal shear stress deduced from fault-plane solutions of earthquakes in western Germany. This is a strong indication that the preferred orientation of olivine is formed in the recent West European crustal stress field leaking into the upper mantle. The distribution of velocities to a depth of at least 50 km requires slight horizontal rotation of the a-axis with depth by ~ 10° towards N32°E, and a change in the modal composition towards a depletion increasing with depth compatible with the composition of mantle xenoliths from western Germany. Further experiments are needed to substantiate this suggestion, which could lead to a better understanding of the interaction of crustal and upper-mantle stress-strain fields.  相似文献   

17.
Seismic anisotropy has been widely used to constrain deformation and mantle flow within the upper mantle of the Earth's interior, and is mainly affected by crystallographic preferred orientation(CPO)of anisotropic mineral in lithosphere. Anisotropy of peridotites caused by deformation is the main source of seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. Olivine is the most abundant and easily deformed mineral to form CPO in peridotite, thus the CPO of olivine controls seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. Based on simple shear experiments and studies of natural peridotites deformation, several CPO types of olivine have been identified, including A, B, C, D, E and AG-type. Studies on the deformation of olivine have shown that the CPO of olivine is mainly related to stress, water content, temperature, pressure, partial melting and melt/fluid percolation. Most of the seismic anisotropy has been explained by the A-type olivine CPO in the upper mantle, which is commonly found in upper-mantle peridotites and produced by the simple shear in dry conditions. Previous studies showed that anisotropy was attributed to the CPO of mica and amphibole in the middle-lower crust. The comparison between mantle anisotropy calculated from mineral CPO and regional anisotropy deduced from geophysical methods is therefore particularly useful for interpreting the deformation mechanisms and geodynamic processes which affect the upper mantle in different tectonic units such as subduction system, continental rift and continental collision zone in the world. The paper summarizes the characteristics of CPO and anisotropy of major anisotropic minerals in the upper mantle. Taking the lithosphere mantle xenoliths in the southeastern Tibetan plateau as an example, we perform detailed studies on the microstructures and seismic anisotropy to better understand the deformation mechanisms and upper mantle anisotropy in this region. Results show that the CPO of olivine in peridotite xenoliths in southeastern Tibetan plateau are A-type and AG-type. The mechanisms proposed for the formation of AG-type are different from that for the A-type. Therefore, the occurrence of AG-type olivine CPO pattern suggests that this CPO may record a change in deformation mechanism and tectonic environment of the lithosphere in southeastern Tibetan plateau. Provided that the strong SKS(shear wave splitting)observed in southeastern Tibetan plateau results from lithosphere mantle, the lithosphere mantle in this region is expected to be at least 130km thick and characterized by vertical foliation. Considering that the thickness of lithosphere in southeastern Tibetan plateau is much less than 130km and the lithosphere mantle cannot explain the anisotropy measured by SKS, other anisotropy sources should be considered, such as anisotropy in the asthenosphere and the oriented melt pockets(MPO)in the upper mantle. Therefore, detailed study of CPO of anisotropic mineral is essential for constraining geophysical measurements and analyzing the dynamic process of the lithosphere reasonably.  相似文献   

18.
青藏高原横波分裂的观测研究   总被引:32,自引:12,他引:32       下载免费PDF全文
1991年7月-1992年6月,中、美两国合作在青藏高原架设了11个宽频带数字记录的PASSCAL临时地震台站,它们分布在青藏公路沿线和青藏高原东部地区.利用这些台站记录到的高质量数据,对远震的SKS波进行分析和计算,在多数台站观测到了SKS波分裂的现象.用SC方法计算了青藏高原所记录到的SKS波分裂的参量,即快波偏振方向φ和快、慢波的到时差δt,探求台站下地幔介质的各向异性.φ从南(拉萨)往北(至格尔木)有一趋势变化,从南边的北东方向渐变至北边的近东西方向.快、慢波的到时差在高原上向北渐渐变大,在不冻泉达到最大;再往北至格尔木又迅速减小.认为在印度板块和欧亚大陆的碰撞挤压下,雅鲁藏布江以北青藏高原下面的上地幔物质在区域构造应力场的作用下,沿东西方向发生形变以至流动,它使上地幔中橄榄岩的晶格排列方向平行于物质形变或流动的方向.  相似文献   

19.
陈文康  姚陈  郝重涛 《地震地质》2011,33(3):684-692
利用任意空间取向横向各向同性介质( ATI)的弹性张量解析表达式,分析ATI弹性常数之间的内在关系,得到一个判断ATI介质的必要条件.假若介质弹性矩阵满足这个ATI必要条件,可做ATI假设,确定可能的ATI对称轴空间取向.此时,如果通过坐标变换得到的是VTI弹性矩阵,就说明介质确实是ATI介质,这就完整地解决了从包含2...  相似文献   

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