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几十年来,我国海水贝类养殖业取得了巨大的成就,2005年贝类的养殖产量接近1000万t,占中国海水养殖总产量的80%。到目前为止,我国已开发利用贝类20多种,建立了良种培育、人工育苗、养成和贝类引种等关键技术。但亟待解决的种质、病害与环境等关键问题也日趋严重,包括:缺乏系统研究和海岸带整体战略意识;养殖环境恶化,局部生态系统失衡;过度密集养殖区病害肆虐;种质衰退,抗逆能力不足等。特别是病害方面目前仍未找到十分有效的防治手段。从有机体本身的免疫系统入手,研究有机体的免疫防御机制与环境之间的相互作用,探究联系整个系统的内在作用… 相似文献
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贝类在我国的海水养殖业中具有重要的经济意义。但近年来频发的大规模病害严重阻碍了贝类养殖业的健康可持续发展。目前从生理、病理、种质、营养、生态等各方面对防治贝类病害进行了很多研究。其中从贝类免疫学角度进行的研究 ,前人尚涉足较少 ,逐渐成为贝类病害研究的热点之一。贝类没有免疫球蛋白以及淋巴系细胞 ,因此缺乏获得性免疫 (ａｃｑｕｉｒｅｄｉｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ或ａｄａｐｔｉｖｅｉｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ) ,其免疫防御功能依赖于天然免疫 (ｉｎｎａｔｅｉｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ)的有关机制。这些免疫防御机制主要由贝类的血细胞来行使。目前关… 相似文献
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虾类免疫学的基础和应用研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
无脊椎动物免疫学是一门新兴学科 ,甲壳动物免疫学是其中的一个分支［１］。自６０年代后期以来 ,瑞典、美国、日本等国学者发表了大量的论文及专著 ,对甲壳动物免疫机制等问题进行了有益的探索。近十余年来 ,甲壳动物免疫学发展较快 ,正在逐渐形成一门新的学科分支 ,引起国内外学者的高度重视 ,其中虾类免疫学发展最快。鉴于目前虾类病害防治不理想的现状 ,可以认为虾类免疫学的研究是最终战胜虾类病害的重要基础。本文力图对该领域的最新进展作一概述。１免疫系统的研究１．１免疫应答的淋巴器官和组织虾类免疫应答的主要组织和器官为淋巴… 相似文献
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中国台湾地区及世界部分主要海水养殖国家养殖疾病综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文综述了中国台湾地区及世界部分主要海水养殖国家和地区的水产养殖病害情况,对鱼虾贝类的病毒性疾病,细菌怀疾病及其他病症的流行情况,防治方法,病原特征,宿主范围和组织病理学特征等进行了较详细的介绍。本综述对我国的海水养殖业和水产病害研究将有重要的指导作用。 相似文献
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双壳贝类参与免疫防御的体液因子 总被引：22，自引：3，他引：22
贝类免疫学是新兴学科无脊椎动物免疫学中的一个分支 ,近年来受到了极大关注 ,其中有两个重要的理由 :其一 ,对贝类免疫性的了解 ,将有助于人们采取措施与贝类病害抗争 ,就有可能预防扇贝、牡蛎、贻贝等重要养殖贝类的细菌性、病毒性以及寄生虫病 ;其二 ,在探索动物免疫的起源与进化等方面具有重要意义。有关双壳贝类参与免疫防御的体液因子方面的研究 ,国内研究报道较少 ［１～６］,国外已对参与异物清除、异已识别和免疫调节等方面的体液因子，如水解酶、氧化酶、凝集素、单核因子和神经内分泌激素及其受体等开展了大量研究 ,本文就此作一… 相似文献
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阿片神经肽是全面参与神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统调节的重要因素,阿片肽及阿片肽受体在贝类体内分布广泛,神经系统和免疫系统都可以分泌阿片肽类物质,神经系统通过阿片肽可以调节免疫系统的活性,阿片肽也可作为免疫系统的组成成分,直接参与机体的免疫应答反应;贝类体内还有多种阿片肽裂解酶,通过阿片肽裂解酶可以调节阿片肽的活性. 相似文献
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中国海水养殖规模和产量稳居世界首位,海水贝类在海水养殖中占有重要地位。我国贝类产业在技术研发、应用推广等方面取得了显著成绩。本文介绍了贝类产业链中种质创新、生态养殖、高值化加工等产业技术取得的成果,分析了面临的挑战、亟需解决的产业问题及发展趋势,以期为我国贝类产业技术的发展提供参考,推动产业转型升级和提质增效,实现贝类产业的健康可持续发展。 相似文献
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Abstract. In the Cyclades plateau (Aegean Sea), a qualitative and quantitative analysis of macro-benthic fauna was carried out in 1986. Standard multivariate analysis techniques were applied to both ecological (living benthic fauna) and paleoecological data sets in order to distinguish distribution patterns.
Results showed that caution must prevail in drawing conclusions from a limited data set. The clearest classification was obtained using total living fauna, while the dead molluscan fauna gave a similar pattern; this indicates similar response to the environmental conditions of the area. In the analysis of the living molluscan fauna, the groups failed to show any clusters, probably as an effect of some impoverished sites.
In the two groups delineated, depth seems to be the major factor in the distribution of species.
The fact that two distinct data sets (subfossil assemblages and living communities), when treated separately, produce similar grouping indicates that the subfossil assemblages could be reliably used as a first approach for determination of the living communities' distribution patterns. 相似文献
Results showed that caution must prevail in drawing conclusions from a limited data set. The clearest classification was obtained using total living fauna, while the dead molluscan fauna gave a similar pattern; this indicates similar response to the environmental conditions of the area. In the analysis of the living molluscan fauna, the groups failed to show any clusters, probably as an effect of some impoverished sites.
In the two groups delineated, depth seems to be the major factor in the distribution of species.
The fact that two distinct data sets (subfossil assemblages and living communities), when treated separately, produce similar grouping indicates that the subfossil assemblages could be reliably used as a first approach for determination of the living communities' distribution patterns. 相似文献
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The molluscan macrofauna living in shallow muddy bottoms with the green algae Caulerpa prolifera was studied monthly between February 1994 and January 1996 in the inner Bay of Cádiz (SW Spain). The molluscan assemblage followed a similar pattern over the 2 years, displaying seasonal trends in species richness, abundance and structure. During the autumn and winter months, a decrease in abundance, species richness and diversity and an increase in evenness occurred. During the spring and summer months, the molluscan assemblage was characterised by an increase in species richness, abundance and diversity. These seasonal trends were supported statistically by the presence of significantly different groupings of seasonal samples in multivariate analyses.Despite human impacts in the bay (e.g. aquaculture activities, sewage), the presence of repetitive seasonal trends, based on the qualitative and quantitative data, indicates the stability of the molluscan assemblage over 2 years. Benthic characteristics from the inner Bay of Cádiz, such as shallow soft bottoms with the presence of macrophytes and current dynamics, seem to be key factors influencing the composition and seasonality of this molluscan assemblage. 相似文献
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Spatial and temporal variation in subtidal molluscan diversity amongst temperate estuarine habitats 
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下载免费PDF全文 Effective management of marine ecosystems is enhanced when detailed information on biodiversity is available. Key information to underpin management actions and conservation planning includes relationships between species assemblages and environmental gradients, and information on species distributions. We conducted a subtidal biodiversity assessment of surface‐dwelling subtidal molluscs in eight a priori defined habitat types using underwater visual censuses to quantitatively explore relationships between molluscan assemblages, and their correlation with benthic habitats and abiotic variables. In addition, variations in diversity were examined for two key habitat types (areas dominated by Dendronephthya australis and by filter feeders) over a period of 15 months to examine temporal change. We found that molluscs form distinct assemblages within subtidal habitats, but that assemblages within key habitats show inherent temporal variability. Regional (gamma) diversity of molluscs was found to result from a combination of: (i) within habitat alpha diversity, which increased with habitat complexity; (ii) between habitat beta diversity, with significant differences in molluscan assemblages amongst habitats with differing benthic growth, substrate type, and depth; and (iii) temporal beta diversity, with significant changes detected in molluscan assemblages over time. The results demonstrate how habitats and abiotic variables (principally depth and substrate type) combine to contribute to molluscan biodiversity in temperate estuaries, and illustrate the value of these factors as surrogates for surface‐dwelling subtidal molluscs in conservation planning. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1999,46(6):1095-1099
Our knowledge of deep-sea biodiversity is based almost entirely on morphological distinctions at the species level. Here, we use haplotype variations in the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal gene to assess biodiversity at the genome level in four deep-sea molluscan morphospecies. Genetic divergence levels among populations of the morphospecies fall within the range of interspecific divergence found in coastal marine and aquatic molluscan genera. Results indicate a rich population structure at the genetic level in deep-sea mollusks, and suggest the possibility that some seemingly coherent morphospecies are composed of cryptic species. 相似文献
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印太交汇区珊瑚礁大三角是全球海洋生物多样性最高的区域,孕育了印度-西太平洋海域接近60%的软体动物种类,同时也有很高比例的特有物种。该海域是全球软体动物生物多样性研究的热点区域。已有不同国家的学者相继对印太交汇区软体动物的多样性、分类与系统演化等方面开展了研究,并取得了一系列重要的成果。基于此,本文从软体动物的生物多样性格局、成因、以及其影响因素等角度出发,对印太交汇区软体动物研究的主要方面进展进行了综述。先后有物种起源中心、积累中心、重叠中心、幸存中心等多种假说被提出以解释其多样性的成因。印太交汇区软体动物生物多样性分布格局与板块构造作用、海平面的变化、海洋环流以及暖池等密切相关。本文也指出了目前研究中存在的主要问题,分析了未来的发展趋势及面临的挑战,以期为今后的相关研究提供参考和思路。 相似文献
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InSpringof1990,carposporesofboyeamsiswerecollected,gendnatedandgrewuptothefree-livingConchocelis,whichproducedconchosporangialfilaments.Allexperimentswereconductedincultureboxeswithlightandtemperaturecontrol.Theresultsofanumberofexperimentsareasfollows:1.Afterthedevelopmentofconcho-sporangialfilamellts,theycanbecultivatedalone,andnormallydevelopanddischargealargenumberofconchospores.2.Thesuspensionconchosporangialfilamentusedinpresentworkhavebeenvegetativelypropapatedmanytimesinseveralyears.… 相似文献
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补体系统作为先天免疫的重要组成部分,是一种复杂的限制性蛋白水解系统,其在免疫系统中发挥着重要的防御作用。为分析马氏珠母贝补体系统的组成及作用机制,使用血细胞样品进行了全长转录组测序建库、基因比对、功能注释,共挖掘到212个潜在补体样组分相关基因。补体样组分基因经同源性比对和结构域检测分析表明,检索到的基因分别编码89个含C1q结构域蛋白、57个C型凝集素蛋白、33个纤维胶凝蛋白、11个纤维蛋白原相关蛋白、8个甘露糖结合型凝集素关联丝氨酸蛋白酶、2个含硫酯蛋白(1个C3分子,1个TEP分子)、1个补体受体、2个补体因子、9个丝氨酸蛋白酶。随机选择12个补体相关基因,使用溶藻弧菌刺激前后的血细胞样品进行实时定量PCR检测其表达水平,结果显示C1q(C1q domain containing protein)、C-lectin、MBL(mannose-binding lectin)、ficolin、MASP(mannan-binding lectin serine protease)等基因均呈现出显著差异表达,表明马氏珠母贝补体系统是一个复杂的多组分效应系统,且可能通过凝集素途径或类似于凝集素途径激活补体系统的免疫作用。研究结果为进一步验证马氏珠母贝中存在的原始补体系统提供了分子生物学证据,同时对深入了解马氏珠母贝免疫防御机制,丰富和发展海洋无脊椎动物免疫学内容也具有重要理论意义。 相似文献