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1.
燕山运动以来,华北东部地区发生了翻天覆地之构造转变,构造体制从印支期末华北地块与扬子地块的拼贴-增生,转变为地幔热柱演化-区域伸展断陷。华北地幔热柱强烈上隆过程中,在岩石圈底部受阻并呈蘑菇状向外拆离流变,在使上部岩石圈发生热减薄-断陷的同时,向外拆离流变的地幔岩在盆地外围受到韧性剪切带的切割,导致深熔岩浆活动并带动围岩上隆,形成一系列次级隆起(幔枝构造)。地形地貌上亦从东部隆起的高原转变为一盆多山耦合格局——地幔热柱上部的热减薄断(拗)陷与外围的一系列幔枝构造的空间有机组合,即华北东部裂陷盆地西与太行造山带、北与燕山造山带、东与朝鲜半岛、南与大别造山带(即中心裂陷盆地与外围各幔枝构造)均为盆-山耦合关系。 相似文献
2.
近年来地幔地球物理三维成像为地下深部构造和物质运动提供了大量数据和信息,促进了人们对浅地幔系统物质运动的特征和动力学作用的认知。按照运动的方向不同,浅地幔系统的物质运动可分为三种主要形式:水平运动、向上涌动和向下沉动。浅地幔系统物质向下运动由地球引力势能引起,其他方向的运动主要由热能和动能引起。除了动力来源之外,浅地幔系统物质运动的方向还取决于岩石圈和软流圈的物质属性,因为高黏度介质阻挡物质运动,而低黏度介质加速物质运动。软流圈物质的水平蠕动差异,产生了岩石圈的伸展、拆离和推覆等复杂构造,速度和动能较大软流圈物质的蠕动,一定会带动岩石圈板块物质的运动和变形。软流圈物质的向上涌动又可以进一步细分为上涌运动、上拱运动和穿刺运动三种方式,它们对上方岩石圈的作用效果是不同的。浅地幔系统的物质下沉运动有多种形式,包括俯冲、拆沉和交代作用,也经常伴随有软流圈物质上涌,在微观上是一种对偶运动。这种对偶运动造成了克拉通地壳的底垫和岩石圈的陆根。软流圈大规模的物质运动,包括大洋中脊物质上涌、大陆碰撞造山和大洋俯冲的前陆拉张,在全球地震层析成像图上都有清晰的反映。中国东南沿海一带是浅地幔系统物质运动的一个特殊地区,可能是由于白垩纪伊佐奈崎板块俯冲,激发东亚大陆边缘软流圈上涌,然后又造成大陆边缘岩石圈局部拆沉等一连串动力学作用叠加形成的。 相似文献
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垂直运动与水平运动是地壳构造运动的两种基本表现形式。本文运用拉张伸展—挤压收缩这一辩证观点,探讨了垂直运动与水平运动形成的动力学环境、过程及成因机理,指出了垂直运动对应于地壳的伸展作用,水平运动对应于地壳的挤压作用,它们共同构成地壳构造运动的整体。 相似文献
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地球是重力分异和热力对流的对立统一体。重力分异使地内重物质下沉、轻物质上浮，并分划成壳－幔－核结构圈层。核幔间巨大的温度差、压力差、粘度差和速度差的存在，导致源于“超临界层”的热物质流呈柱状上涌形成地幔热柱及其多级演化。由于地球圈层结构及其间的差异，分别在670km、100km深处，即核－幔界面上和岩石圈底部形成地幔亚热柱和幔枝构造。地幔热柱、地幔冷柱共同驱动幔壳运动，并控制着板块运动，形成复杂的大陆（大洋）动力学系统。这种动力学模式越来越得到地球物理学的证实。 相似文献
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随着地球动力学条件的演化和岩石圈的逐步加厚，地幔对流方式从多中心向裂谷带逐渐集中；从以垂直运动为主逐渐向以水平运动为主的构造方式发展。我国中条山地区元古宙构造环境、火山活动往往和陆壳内张裂环境有关。地壳演化具垂直增长特点，而在波罗的地区，地壳演化具水平增长特点。在泛大陆边缘可能出现岛弧一大陆碰撞。 相似文献
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高坪仙 《国外前寒武纪地质》1995,(1):40-46
随着地球动力学条件的演化和岩石圈的逐步加厚，地幔对流方式从多中心向裂谷带逐渐集中；从以垂直运动为主逐渐向以水平运动为主的构造方式发展。我国中条山地区元古宙构造环境、火山活动往往和陆壳内张裂环境有关。地壳演化具垂直增长特点，而在波罗的地区，地壳演化具水平增长特点。在泛大陆边缘可能出现岛弧一大陆碰撞。 相似文献
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造山带与相邻盆地间物质的横向迁移 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
本文以太行山隆起与相邻华北断陷盆地为例，论述了在大陆岩石圈中造山带与相邻断陷盆地在地球动力学机制上是相辅相成的对立统一体系。当软流圈受力产生波状起伏变形时，在软流圈和上地幔隆起上方，地壳发生减薄并裂陷；软流圈和上地幔拗陷上方，地壳变厚，由脉隆升。造山带遭受物理（化学）风化作用的产物被搬运至相邻断陷盆地，并以逆冲推覆岩片、拆离滑脱构造体系向盆地扩展。断陷盆地的中下地壳物质，则在地幔上隆形成的地幔位势差、密度差和盆地扩张力的共同驱动下，沿向造山带缓倾的拆离滑脱变形带，向山根蠕动流动，以补充因地幔拗陷和山脉隆升造成的重力亏损，从而达到岩石圈四维空间物质的动态调整。 相似文献
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本文把地幔和岩石圈看作统一的动力学系统，分析了岩石圈运动极型场，环型场的激发机制和动力来源，结果表明，岩石圈运动极型场中在岩石圈内部重力，热力，科里奥利力以及应力的作用下产生，又能由地幔自由热运动所激发；而岩石圈运动环型场仅与地球的转动效应和岩石圈不同块体间的旋转剪切运动有关。在岩石圈演化历史上，上述不同性质力源的相对强弱和作用方式，决定了岩石圈运动的的性质及其驱动机制。 相似文献
10.
夏国礼 《河北地质矿产信息》2003,(4):27-31
根据实际资料分析认为，河北平原地热区的形成主要与地幔上隆这个大区域的深部构造背景有关。由于地幔的强烈上隆使河北平原地壳不断减薄裂解，形成了地表拗陷、地幔顶面却相对上凸的镜像对称关系，从而大大缩短并减小了从地幔到地表的热传导距离和热损耗，致使河北平原沉降区内的地热异常比较发育，地热梯度及地温亦明显高于周围山区。随着地幔上隆的加剧，导致了大规模的火山喷发活动，形成了广泛分布于河北平原一渤海地区的新生代(隐伏)玄武岩及众多的火山通道构造，井与区内许多典型地热异常区的位置相吻合。反映出区内地热异常与新生代火山活动可能存在着某种必然的联系。尤其是区内与深部地幔相连通的火山通道构造可能是形成区内众多地热异常最直接的原因。 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献