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遥感影像地表覆盖分类是地理国情监测和地理信息资源建设中至关重要的环节,利用卷积神经网络对遥感影像进行特征提取和分类,具有十分重要的科研和应用价值。为提高遥感影像的地表覆盖分类精度,在深度卷积神经网络VGGNet的基础上,采用SeLU函数作为激活函数,并将激活函数中的λ、α作为训练参数,得到改进的VGGNet,用逐层贪婪算法对网络参数初始化,并选择适当的学习次数利用迁移学习的方法对网络参数调整,以提高网络的泛化能力来提取遥感影像各类别的深层特征,从而有效进行地表覆盖分类。通过GF-1卫星影像的实验表明本文方法在地表覆盖分类精度方面的优越性。 相似文献
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地表覆盖数据是关于土地利用信息的重要来源,在地理国情监测、气候变化研究、生态环境评估等方面发挥着重要的作用。本文以广东省广州市作为研究区域,利用OSM数据结合FROM-GLC数据和Landsat-8遥感影像数据,对研究区域地表覆盖进行分类并完成地表覆盖制图。实验结果表明,利用OSM数据进行地表覆盖制图结果总体精度较高,具有可用性,但是OSM数据空白区域占比较大,有数据区域个别要素数量较少,在参考选取样本时,样本代表性不够高,部分类型的地表覆盖分类精度较低。 相似文献
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针对贫困区生态环境与资源的地表覆盖精细化调查需求,本文利用高分辨率遥感影像开展了土地覆盖信息提取的方法和应用研究.重点分析了高分辨率影像均值漂移分割,多特征提取与分析,对象级样本采集以及监督分类等技术,并综合实现了流程化的对象级土地覆盖分类.结果表明,本文串联的高分辨率影像分类技术能生成较精细的土地覆盖专题图,可及时为贫困区生态资源环境评价,碳核算等应用提供较可靠的地表覆盖数据. 相似文献
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景观生态分类与制图浅议 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
程维明 《地球信息科学学报》2002,4(2):61-65
本文在查阅分析大量文献和前人研究的基础上 ,对目前景观生态分类和景观制图作了详细的对比分析 ,认为景观分类需要结合实际区域现状 ,采用逐级分类的方法 ;同时利用 ETM遥感影像为数据源 ,以天山北麓为示范区.研制其土地利用土地覆盖变化的景观类型图。 相似文献
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本研究利用厦门市4个季节的Landsat-5 TM遥感影像和气象资料,反演地表净辐射通量,进而分析其季相变化特征;使用景观格局指数表征和描述地表覆盖的空间组成与配置,采用相关分析、偏相关分析、逐步回归和方差分解相结合的方法,从多季节角度研究地表覆盖格局对地表净辐射通量的影响。结果表明：① 厦门市地表净辐射通量平均值夏季最高,春季次之,秋季和冬季较低,地表净辐射通量在水体和林地区域较高,建设用地和裸地等其他地表覆盖类型区域较低;② 地表覆盖的空间配置对地表净辐射通量没有显著影响;③ 地表覆盖的空间组成对地表净辐射通量产生重要影响,全年内林地和裸地所占面积比例对地表净辐射通量的影响最显著,林地所占面积比例是影响和解释地表净辐射通量跨季节差异的最重要和持续有效的因素。该研究加深了关于地表覆盖格局对地表净辐射通量的影响的科学认知,有助于探索城市热岛的形成和演变机制,也可为城市规划和可持续发展提供理论依据和实践指导。 相似文献
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基于ALOS遥感影像的湿地地表覆被信息提取研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了验证ALOS遥感影像湿地地表覆被信息提取的可行性,以黑龙江省三江平原典型内陆淡水沼泽湿地为研究对象,通过ALOS遥感影像波段的光谱及纹理特性分析,探讨适合水体、旱地、水田、沼泽、林地、建设用地、草甸等覆被类型的分类特征;基于非监督、监督及面向对象分类方法,遴选能实现最优分类结果的特征组合,为湿地地表覆盖分类数据源及方法的选择提供参考.结果表明:非监督、监督及面向对象分类方法的总体精度分别达到63.86%、96.14%和85.26%;非监督分类方法整体分类效果不够理想;面向对象方法虽然得到了相对较高的分类精度,但是针对建设用地、林地及草甸地类信息提取的精度处于较低水平;监督分类方法能取得较好效果,最适合于湿地地表覆被信息提取. 相似文献
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北京一号小卫星数据的城市景观格局监测分析——以徐州市城区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了推进北京一号小卫星遥感数据在城市景观生态研究中的应用,针对其全色影像4m分辨率、多光谱影像32m分辨率的特点,试验分析北京一号小卫星影像在城市景观格局变化中的应用效果和特点。通过对不同分类器的比较,选择支持向量机分类器对多光谱影像、全色影像、全色与多光谱融合影像三个数据集进行景观组分分类,结果表明,全色与多光谱融合影像的分类精度最高。利用多时相、多光谱遥感数据统计分析了城市景观组分与格局变化,表明32m空间分辨率的多光谱影像可以用于城市景观格局变化和土地覆盖变化分析。本文全面试验和分析评价了北京一号多分辨率数据在城市景观格局研究中的应用效果。通过对同一年份全色影像和多光谱影像计算的景观格局指标的分析表明,全色数据能更有效地描述景观详细信息,多光谱数据可展现城市景观的整体格局,而融合后对景观格局分析能够获得优于单一数据的效果。试验和分析表明,北京一号小卫星4m全色高分辨率影像和32m多光谱数据的波段组合,能从不同尺度揭示城市景观格局和变化过程。 相似文献
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为了解决多云雨地区遥感数据时空覆盖缺失的问题,以满足对地块尺度作物种植信息日益迫切的应用需求,本文在遥感图谱认知理论框架下发展了一种基于多星数据协同的地块尺度作物识别与面积估算方法。首先,基于米级高分辨率影像提取农田地块对象;其次,通过对多源中分辨率时序影像的有效化处理和指数计算,获取“碎片化”的高时空覆盖有效数据,并以地块对象为单元构建时间序列;然后,在时序分析基础上,建立多维特征空间,结合作物生长物候特征,构建决策树模型进行作物分类识别与面积计算;最后,以湖南省宁远县为研究区开展了水稻种植信息的提取实验。结果表明：本文方法可在农田地块尺度下实现不同水稻类型的准确识别及其种植面积的精细提取,早、中、晚稻的用户精度分别可达94.33%、90.76%和95.95%,总体分类精度为92.51%,Kappa系数为0.90;早、中、晚稻面积提取精度分别为93.37%、91.23%和95.42%。试验结果证明了本文方法的有效性,为其他作物种植信息的精细提取提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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〗植被泛指地球表面的植物群落,包括草地、森林、沼泽等。遥感影像具有宏观性、客观性、精确性、实时性等特点,能够真实地反映地表覆盖物的状态,清晰地展现各种地表覆盖类型的特征及分布情况。传统的基于遥感影像的植被识别采用人工作业的方式,极大地依赖于人的先验知识,且效率极低。随着遥感应用技术的快速发展,很多自动化的植被检测技术被提出。这些方法在特定范围内得到了应用,但同时也存在着一些缺陷。在采用分块原则预处理较大影像数据的基础上提出了一种基于特征融合的SVM分类算法来探讨遥感影像中的植被识别。实验表明,提出的算法具有较好的识别效果和较高的执行速度。 相似文献
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高速公路的快速发展在推动经济发展的同时,也对区域的生态环境产生重要的影响。在地理信息系统的支持下,本研究以北京市高速公路网10 km缓冲区为研究区域,利用缓冲区分析、空间分析、统计分析等方法探讨了高速公路周边土地利用变化对景观格局的影响规律。结果表明：① 北京市高速公路周边的土地利用类型主要以建设用地、耕地、林地为主,土地利用变化以耕地向建设用地转入最为显著;② 空间变化上,各缓冲区内土地利用变化以林地、耕地、建设用地的相互转移为主,随着与高速公路的距离增大,土地利用类型从以耕地、建设用地为主逐渐转变为以林地、耕地为主;③ 2005-2015年,各类景观的景观指数变化差异明显,其中水域的斑块密度与分离度指数变化幅度最大,耕地的形状指数增加最快,建设用地的分离度指数减少最多,这与相应的土地利用变化密切相关;④ 基于土地利用变化,北京市高速公路网对周边景观格局的影响范围约为6 km,其中林地转入建设用地以及建设用地与耕地的相互转移是引起公路周边景观空间变化差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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黄河源区玛多县土地利用/覆被及景观格局变化的遥感分析 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
采用了黄河源地区1977、1990及2003年MSS、TM的3个时相遥感影像,通过人机交互的解译与GIS的空间分析,提取了玛多县3个时期的土地利用/覆被信息。分析了玛多县各地类的数量变化和空间变化特征。另外对景观生态空间分布格局,利用FRAGSTATS软件对玛多县景观级别的动态特征进行了分析。结果表明:玛多县的土地利用/覆被类型以草地为主,占全区总面积77.93%;退化现象十分严重,主要是草地覆盖度的降低以及草地沙化;景观破碎化程度在前期呈下降趋势,而后期呈上升趋势,景观斑块形态越来越偏离规则而变得复杂、多样。 相似文献
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Effect of agricultural land use changes on soil nutrient use efficiency in an agricultural area,Beijing, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Agricultural land use and management practices may affect soil properties,which play a critical role in sustaining crop production.Since the late 1970s,several new agricultural land use types had been introduced in the rural areas of China.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of these land use changes on the soil properties,nu-trient absorption rate,and nutrient use economic efficiency ratio in an agricultural area of Beijing.Specifically,the cropland,the orchard and the vegetable field were examined.Results of this study suggest that land use and farming management practices significantly affect the content of soil organic carbon (SOC),total nitrogen (TN),total phos-phorus (TP),and available phosphorus in the surface layer of 0-25 cm (p<0.05) in the Yanqing Basin,northwestern Beijing.Soil nutrients in each agricultural land use type decrease rapidly with the increasing soil depth.Orchard and vegetable field tend to have higher soil nutrients than the cropland does.However,the soil nutrient-absorption rate (NAR) of the orchard and vegetable field is lower than that of the cropland,even though orchard and vegetable field may provide much higher economic benefit.While increasing SOC,TN,and TP in the orchard and vegetable field by intensive farming may be a valuable option to improve soil quality,potential increase in the risk of nutrient loss,or agricultural non-point source pollution can be a tradeoff if the intensive practices are not managed appropriately. 相似文献
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Classification and Gradation of Cultivated Land Quality in Bishan County of Chongqing, China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
SHAO Jing＇an GE Xiaofeng WEI Chaofu XIE Deti 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2007,17(1):82-91
The conflicts among food security, economic development and ecological protection are the “sticking point” of undeveloped southwestern mountainous areas of China. The objectives of this study are to identify appropriate inte- grated indicators influencing the classification and gradation of cultivated land quality in the southwestern mountainous area of China based on semi-structure interview, and to promote the monitoring of cultivated land quality in this region. Taking Bishan County of Chongqing as a study case, the integrated indicators involve the productivity, protection, ac- ceptability, and stability of cultivated land. The integrated indicators accord with the characteristics of land resources and human preference in southwestern mountainous area of China. In different agricultural zones, we emphasize different indicators, such as emphasizing productivity, stabilization and acceptability in low hilly and plain agricultural integrative zone (LHP-AIZ), protection, productivity and stability in low mountain and hill agro-forestry ecological zone (LMH-AEZ), and acceptability in plain outskirts integrative agricultural zone (PO-IAZ), respectively. The pronounced difference of classification and gradation of cultivated land, regardless of inter-region or intra-region, is observed, with the reducible rank from PO-IAZ, LHP-AIZ to LMH-AEZ. Research results accord with the characteristics of assets management and intensive utilization of cultivated land resources in the southwestern mountainous area of China. Semi-structure interview adequately presents the principal agent of farmers in agricultural land use and rural land market. This method is very effective and feasible to obtain data of the quality of cultivated land in the southwestern mountainous area of China. 相似文献
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重庆市主城区1986-2007年用地时空演化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以重庆市主城区为例,通过GIS构建城市用地变化模型对重庆市城市用地20年来的时空演变规律进行了分析,分别对其城市用地利用程度、城市用地多样性和城市用地重心变化进行了评价,并考虑入口和海拔因素,讨论了重庆市城市用地发展的主要特点.结果表明;(1)重庆市主城区城市用地中耕地面积最多,其次是林地,城市景观所占比例较轻.2... 相似文献
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现代农业发展所引发传统农业的多元化转变，在丰富农产品供应数量与质量、提高人民生活水平的同时，也造成国民经济行业的类型增加、结构调整等变化。这一变化也进一步改变了“大农业”模式下的农用地类型划分的合理性及其与国民经济行业、用地性质等之间的关系界定问题。本文通过梳理农业产业范围的变化情况及其对农用地的影响、土壤耕作层对农业地类划分的依据性、传统农用地与当前国民经济行业分类之间差异等问题，探索了造成农用地地类界定不断变化的历史因素和产业环境。结合这些研究结果，本研究有针对性地提出了意见建议，以期农业用地划分更加合理化。 相似文献
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Spatial-temporal pattern and population driving force of land use change in Liupan Mountains region, southern Ningxia, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Bin Quan M. J. M. Römkens Jianjun Tao Bicheng Li Chaokui Li Guanghui Yu Qichun Chen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(4):323-330
The Liupan Mountains is located in the southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China, which forms an important dividing line between landforms and bio-geographic regions. The populated part of the Liupan Mountains region has suffered tremendous ecological damages over time due to population pressure, excessive demand and inappropriate use of agricultural land resources. In this paper, datasets of land use between 1990 and 2000 were obtained from Landsat TM imagery, and then spatial models were used to characterize landscape conditions. Also, the relationship between the population density and land use/cover change （LUCC） was analyzed. Results indicate that cropland, forestland, and urban areas have increased by 44,186ha, 9001ha and 1550ha, respectively while the grassland area has appreciably decreased by 54,025ha in the study period. The decrease in grassland was most notable. Of the grassland lost, 49.4% was converted into cropland. The largest annual land conversion rate in the study area was less than 2%. These changes are attributed to industrial and agricultural development and population growth. To improve the eco-economic conditions in the study region, population control, urbanization and development of an ecological friendly agriculture were suggested. 相似文献
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The goal of land consolidation in China is still to develop agricultural production. The study of landscapeeffects of land consolidation projects (LCPs) faces many difficulties because of the lack of government's interest anddata. This paper, taking Tianmen City of Hubei Province in Central China as an example, presents a methodology foranalyzing landscape effects of LCPs by GIS and Fragstats3.3. It describes landscape effects with indexes of PatchDensity (PD), Largest Patch Index (LPI), Landscape Shape Index (LSI), Interspersion and Juxtaposition Index (IJI),Aggregation Index (AI), and Shannon's Diversity Index (SHDI), showing more regular shape, simpler structure andless habitat diversity after LCPs. It computes ten landscape indexes of four categories of patches including CultivatedLand, Road, Water Channel, and River and Pond. The indexes show that 1) cultivated land becomes more fragmentalin patch area, less irregular in patch shape and more concentrated in block; 2) the transport capacity of roads and irri-gation and drainage capacity of water channels have been improved; 3) the landscape change of river and pond can besummarized as decreasing scale, more regular shape, reducing connectivity and diversity of the class. LCPs can facili-tate agricultural production as well as protect cultivated land and food security. However, it is doubted that the increaseof cultivated land from LCPs results from the reducing in landscape diversity of water area. 相似文献
20.
GU Xiaokun DAI Bing CHEN Baiming 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(1):41-46
The goal of land consolidation in China is still to develop agricultural production. The study of landscape effects of land consolidation projects （LCPs） faces many difficulties because of the lack of government＇s interest and data. This paper, taking Tianmen City of Hubei Province in Central China as an example, presents a methodology for analyzing landscape effects of LCPs by GIS and Fragstats3.3. It describes landscape effects with indexes of Patch Density （PD）, Largest Patch Index （LPI）, Landscape Shape Index （LSI）, Interspersion and Juxtaposition Index （IJI）, Aggregation Index （AI）, and Shannon＇s Diversity Index （SHDI）, showing more regular shape, simpler structure and less habitat diversity after LCPs. It computes ten landscape indexes of four categories of patches including Cultivated Land, Road, Water Channel, and River and Pond. The indexes show that 1） cultivated land becomes more fragmental in patch area, less irregular in patch shape and more concentrated in block; 2） the transport capacity of roads and irrigation and drainage capacity of water channels have been improved; 3） the landscape change of river and pond can be summarized as decreasing scale, more regular shape, reducing connectivity and diversity of the class. LCPs can facilitate agricultural production as well as protect cultivated land and food security. However, it is doubted that the increase of cultivated land from LCPs results from the reducing in landscape diversity of water area. 相似文献