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1.
János Kovács 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(1):171-178
The red clay is a significant deposit underlying the Pleistocene loess-paleosols sequence in the Pannonian Basin. The sedimentary
processes involved and the origin of the materials remain controversial. In order to determine the depositional processes
of the Pliocene red clay formation we studied many red clay sections in Hungary. Here, we present results of grain-size analyses
of the red clay from representative sites. In particular their grain-size distribution is compared with that of typical Pleistocene
eolian loess-paleosols, as well as lacustrine and fluvial sediments. It appears from the sedimentological data that the majority
of the red clay is of a wind-blown origin. The red clay might be transported by weak westerly winds and has been modified
by post-depositional alteration. 相似文献
2.
沉积物的形成受到多种地质因素的综合控制。通过粒度分析可判别沉积物的成因类型,推断其形成的沉积环境,解释环境演变;而沉积物的粒度组分除了受到原岩的控制外,还受到机械沉积作用的影响难以准确预测。运用人工神经网络对稳定湖相沉积物和风沉积物的粒度参数进行研究,将沉积物的4个粒度参数作为网络模型的输入变量,在对168个浙闽沿海迎风岸风成老红砂样品和282个苏贝淖湖滨湖泊沉积物样品所对应的粒度参数进行数据样本训练之后,获得了基于BP神经网络的稳定湖相和风沉积物预测模型。然后利用448个大树摆鱼湖相沉积物粒度参数样本和100个兰州榆中黄土风沉积物粒度参数样本作为测试样本对该模型进行了测试和验证,结果显示模型的可靠性较好,能够对沉积物的形成环境做出正确的判断。 相似文献
3.
江汉盆地是长江出三峡后第一个大型卸载区,近2.77 Ma以来堆积了近300m的碎屑沉积物,主要由河流相和湖沼相组成,形成了多个沉积旋回。选择江汉盆地中心位置的ZL钻孔,利用ICP-MS方法展开微量元素组成分析,细粒组分中微量元素含量与各粒组含量相关性并不明显,主要是5~7粒级组分表现出微弱的相关性.可见,粒度并非ZL钻孔微量元素丰度的主控因素。钻孔岩心中大部分亲石元素、亲硫元素相对上部陆壳均出现明显富集,亲铁元素总体低于上部陆壳,可能与江汉盆地总体上更多地接受了来自上游而非扬子古陆本地深源物质风化碎屑沉积有关。Sr、V/Ni和Sr/Ba值的变化则表明江汉盆地在2.6~2.43 Ma B.P.时可能有咸化湖的发育,而在2.1 Ma B.P.左右存在过一段大湖发育期。 相似文献
4.
稳定湖相沉积物和风成黄土粒度判别函数的建立及其意义 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
沉积物粒度变化主要受搬运介质、搬运方式、沉积环境和气候等多种因素的控制,通过粒度分析可判别沉积物的成因类型,推断其形成的沉积环境,解释环境演变。利用统计学方法对典型稳定湖相沉积物（罗布泊湖相样品２８２块,岱海湖相样品１２３块）和典型风成黄土（甘肃兰州榆中样品２６３块）粒度参数进行定量化分析,并经稳定湖相和风成沉积物验证,获得稳定湖相与风成沉积物的判别公式:Ｆ（湖相、风成沉积物） ＝２０．３６３Ｍｚ－５６．３７１Ｓｄ－６７．９２２Ｓｋ＋２３．５１６Ｋｇ－５５．６２６,若Ｆ＞０,为稳定湖相沉积物,反之,Ｆ＜０,则为风成沉积物。这为研究地史中稳定湖泊与风成环境 沉积物的鉴别提供粒度分析定量化判别方法,它对陆相古环境、干旱化事件和尘暴事件等研究具有十分重要的借鉴价值。 相似文献
5.
西北地区干枯湖床沉积粒度组成与东亚沙尘天气 总被引：23，自引：4，他引：19
调查了准噶尔盆地玛纳斯湖、阿拉善高原居延泽及民勤盆地猪野泽等北方众多的现代干枯湖泊,重点分析了干枯湖床沉积物粒度组成。干枯的玛纳斯湖、古居延泽以及民勤盆地古猪野泽沉积物粒度分析结果表明,干枯湖床的地表湖相沉积物粒径小于10μm的颗粒占60%以上,干涸湖床上沙质草原地表也含有大量小于10μm的粘土颗粒,含量接近50%;而弃荒土地地表细颗粒物质散失迅速,民勤盆地弃荒土地地表粘土含量仅存不到13.9%。中国西北地区活动沙丘粒度组成小于63μm粒径的颗粒很少,小于10μm的颗粒微乎其微。因此西北沙漠地区活动沙丘沙对华北或华东地区影响相对较小。认为沙尘暴、扬沙或浮尘天气虽然多发生于中国西部沙漠、阿拉善高原沙区、河西走廊北部沙区以及蒙古东部、中部地区,但由于粗颗粒沙扬起高度与搬运距离有限,真正影响整个华北、华东地区的沙尘物质是小于63μm的粉砂级别的颗粒,特别是小于10μm的粉尘。认为影响东亚地区的粉尘天气物源不仅是中国西部的内陆沙漠、沙地,更重要的是干枯的湖泊、弃耕的荒地与裸露的沙砾草场。 相似文献
6.
Dust deposition in the Aral Sea: implications for changes in atmospheric circulation in central Asia during the past 2000 years 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiangtong Huang Hedi Oberhänsli Hans von Suchodoletz Philippe Sorrel 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(25-26):3661-3674
We investigated mineral aerosol (dust) deposition in the Aral Sea with intention to understand the variability of dust in central Asia and its implications for atmospheric circulation change in the late Holocene. Using an 11.12-m sediment core of the lake, we calculated bulk sediment fluxes at high time-resolution and analyzed grain-size distributions of detrital sediments. A refined age-depth model was established by combined methods of radiocarbon dating and archeological evidence. Besides, a principal component analysis (PCA) of grain-size fractions and elements (Fe, Ti, K, Ca, Sr) was used to assess the potential processes controlling detrital inputs. The results suggest that two processes are mainly relevant for the clastic input as the medium silt fractions and Ti, Fe and K are positively correlated with Component 1 (C1), and the fine size fractions (<6 μm) are positively correlated with Component 2 (C2). Taking the results of the PCA, geological backgrounds, clastic input processes into account, we propose that the medium silt fractions and, in particular, the grain-size fraction ratio (6–32 μm/2–6 μm), can serve as indicators of the variability of airborne dust in the Aral Sea region. On the contrary, the fine size fractions appear to be contributed mainly by the sheetwash processes. The bulk sediment deposition fluxes were extremely high during the Little Ice Age (LIA; AD 1400–1780), which may be related to the increased dust deposition. As indicated by the variations of grain-size ratio and Ti, the history of dust deposition in central Asia can be divided into five distinct periods, with a remarkably low deposition during AD 1–350, a moderately high value from AD 350–720, a return to relatively low level between AD 720 and AD 1400 (including the Medieval Warm Period (MWP, AD 755–1070)), an exceptionally high deposition from AD 1400 to 1940s and an abnormally low value since 1940s. The temporal variations in the dust deposition are consistent with the changes in the Siberian High (SH) and mean atmospheric temperature of the northern hemisphere during the past 2000 years, with low/high annual temperature anomalies corresponding to high/low dust supplies in the Aral Sea sediments, respectively. The variations in the fine size fraction also show a broadly similarity to a lacustrine δ18O record in Turkey (Jones et al., 2006), implying that there was less moisture entering western central Asia from the Mediterranean during the LIA than during the MWP. 相似文献
7.
根据湖相沉积碳氧同位素估算青藏高原古海拔高度 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
青藏高原湖相沉积碳氧同位素、海拔高度与年均气温存在函数关系。对青藏高原南部14个不同海拔高度的第四纪湖相沉积露头,在剖面不同部位采集了35个湖相沉积样品,结合海拔高度与年均气温的相关分析,建立了湖相沉积碳氧同位素古海拔高度计。再对青藏高原南部、青藏高原北部、东昆仑南部和柴达木盆地不同地点出露的渐新世、中新世早中期、上新世—早更新世湖相沉积地层,分别取样进行碳氧同位素分析,计算不同时期的古年均气温和古海拔高度。结果表明,青藏高原大部分地区中新世早中期整体隆升至海拔约4000m高度,五道梁—东昆仑南部中新世早中期整体隆升至海拔约3500m高度,柴达木盆地中新世早中期隆升至海拔约2500m高度。这些资料对认识青藏高原隆升时代和气候环境演化具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
Modern sediments and sedimentary processes in Lake Rudolf (Lake Turkana) eastern Rift Valley, Kenya 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
RICHARD F. YURETICH 《Sedimentology》1979,26(3):313-331
Tertiary sediments around Lake Rudolf (now Lake Turkana) in the East African Rift Valley have yielded abundant palaeontological and palaeoanthropological remains. The present study provides a basis for interpreting the ancient lake environment and furthering our knowledge of rift valley lacustrine deposits. Bottom sediments in Lake Rudolf are fine-grained (average 71% clay) well laminated and have montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite as the principal clay minerals. The sediments are relatively poor in silica (40–45%) but rich in Fe2O3 (10%). Both mineral proportions and chemical composition change systematically over the area of the lake and delineate four sedimentological provinces: (1) iron-rich, silty kaolinitic muds (Omo Delta); (2) iron-rich, fine-grained montmorillonite muds (North Basin); (3) silty montmorillonite muds rich in Na2O and K2O (Central Delta); and (4) argillaceous calcite silts (South Basin). Omo Delta and North Basin sediments are derived from the volcanics of the Ethiopian plateau; the source of Central Delta sediments is the Precambrian metamorphic terrain of the rift valley margin; the South Basin has a restricted detrital input. The water in the lake is alkaline (pH 9.2) and moderately saline (TDS = 2500 p.p.m.). Comparisons with influent water from the Omo River indicate a 200-fold concentration for the lake water. Models based on equilibrium between sediments and water column account for most of the non-conservative chemical components in the lake water. Sedimentation rates are high (about 1 m per 1000 years) and the dominance of detrital sediments makes Lake Rudolf unusual in comparison with other closed-basin lakes in the African Rift Valley although some similarities with ancient rift valley deposits are suggested. 相似文献
9.
Danuta Peryt 《地学学报》2013,25(4):298-306
Benthic and planktonic foraminifera from a marly clay intercalation sandwiched between mid‐Badenian (Middle Miocene) gypsum deposited in an environment of an evaporitic shoal (<1 m deep) at Borków (southern Poland) indicate a major marine flooding event in the previously isolated Carpathian Foredeep Basin (Central Paratethys). After this very short‐term environmental change, benthic foraminifers started to colonize a new niche which was previously defaunated, and the pattern of benthic foraminiferal colonization is similar to that related to the reflooding which terminated the Badenian evaporite deposition. The benthic foraminifer assemblages are composed of pioneer, opportunistic, r‐selected species dominated by elphidiids. The connection of the Carpathian Foredeep Basin with the marine reservoir was short‐lived. The marly clay intercalations in evaporite sequences originating in bared basins can thus register major environmental changes. 相似文献
10.
地表松散沉积物中不同粒级的颗粒蕴含着不同的信息,这种差异与其物质来源、搬运和沉积过程中的分选作用以及沉积后的风化作用等有关。因此,可根据沉积物中不同粒级颗粒地球化学特征与矿物组成的差异,进行沉积物物源追踪或沉积环境重建。选择青藏高原在气候和地貌方面具有典型意义的柴达木盆地、错那湖、雅鲁藏布江流域作为研究区,分别采集了这几个地区的沙丘沙、黄土、湖积物、冲积物、洪积物、残坡积物等地表松散沉积物样品,用干筛法将沉积物样品分为两个部分,粗颗粒部分粒径范围为≥75~500 μm,细颗粒部分粒径<75 μm。对上述粗、细颗粒分别进行稀土与微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素、轻矿物组成的实验室分析测试,并对沉积物中粗、细颗粒的测试结果采用古典多维尺度方法进行相似性分析。结果表明：青藏高原松散沉积物中粗、细颗粒在轻矿物组成、微量和稀土元素含量、稀土特征、元素参数等方面存在差异;细颗粒部分蕴含了更多的环境信息,富含容易受化学风化影响的黏土矿物以及硬度较小、容易被磨蚀的方解石等矿物。在物源示踪中不同气候区的沉积物细颗粒不宜进行直接比较,应根据样品的粒度分布情况优先选择合适的粗颗粒组分进行物源示踪。 相似文献
11.
Mingrui Qiang Fahu Chen Jiawu Zhang Ruiping Zu Ming Jin Aifeng Zhou Shun Xiao 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(7):1229-1238
Samples of surface deposits in the Lake Sugan catchment, as well as surface lake sediments, eolian materials occulted in the
lake ice cover, and airborne dust were collected for grain-size analysis. The results show that the coarse fraction of the
lake sediments could be transported by ambient winds and to a lesser extent by river flow in the study area. Sediment cores
were retrieved from Lake Sugan in December 2000, and 210Pb and 137Cs dating and grain-size analyses were performed on these samples. 210Pb ages and the volume percentage of the fraction of lake sediments >63 μm were used to reconstruct the dust storm history
from 1957 to 2000. Observational data for dust storm events collected at a local meteorological station largely agrees with
the reconstructed trend for the past 44 years, suggesting that lake sediments can be employed to trace the dust storm history
of the northern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
12.
柴达木盆地新生界发育咸化湖盆沉积,但是对于湖盆的咸化程度一直没有详细论述,其沉积响应特征亦不清楚。文中利用系统测试得到的硼元素及黏土矿物资料来开展古水体盐度恢复,结果表明:(1)柴达木盆地新生界为咸化湖盆沉积,最高盐度大于20‰;(2)不同盐度地区的沉积响应特征不同,其中陆源碎屑物供给区古盐度小于12‰,滨浅湖区古盐度在10‰～18‰之间,半深湖区古盐度大于18‰。在中高咸化湖盆水介质的控制作用下,沉积物分布表现为单层厚度小(一般为1～3m)、砂/泥岩互层频繁、三角洲沉积相带分布较窄、细粒沉积物分布范围较广、发育特有湖相碳酸盐岩和膏盐岩及与陆源细碎屑呈混积等特征。 相似文献
13.
Stuart G. Wakeham Christian Schaffner Walter Giger 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1980,44(3):403-413
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sediment cores from Lake Lucerne, Lake Zürich, and Greifensee, Switzerland, and Lake Washington, northwest U.S.A., have been isolated, identified and quantified by glass capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Surface sediment layers are greatly enriched in PAH—up to 40 times—compared to deeper layers. In addition, concentration increases in upper sediments generally correspond to increasing industrialization and urbanization in the catchment basins of the lakes. Few PAH could be detected in pre-industrial revolution sediments, indicating that background levels for most PAH in aquatic sediments are extremely low.These results are consistent with an anthropogenic source for most of the aromatic hydrocarbons present in the modern sediments. A comparison of PAH distributions in the sediments and in possible source materials shows that urban runoff of street dust may be the most important PAH input to these lacustrine sediments. There is evidence that a significant contribution to the PAH content of street dust comes from material associated with asphalt. 相似文献
14.
LI Baosheng David Dian ZHANG ZHOU Xingjia ZHU Feng YUAN Baoyin MU Guijin LI Sen YAN Mancun JIN Heling GAO Quanzhou SUN Wu 《《地质学报》英文版》2002,76(2):221-228
Based on investigation of sediments in the Yutian-Hotan Oasis at the southern margin of the Tarim basin, 14C ages and grain-size and chemical element analyses, the following views are put forward in this paper.(1) Sediments in the Yutian-Hotan Oasis are composed chiefly of "oasis soil", similar to the recent oasis soil, i.e. brown desert soil, which was formed due to pedogenesis after aeolian sand (sandy loam) and dust (loess) of 3.32-6.64 were deposited.(2) The ancient Yutian-Hotan Oasis represented by oasis soil was formed at 13000 a B.P. During the cold period of the past 13000 years, this region is characterized mainly by accumulation of sand and dust storms, and sandy oasis soil was developed in this region due to pedogenesis in an oasis environment; during the warm period, dust falls predominated along with certain current concomitants (lacustrine facies), and silty oasis soil was formed by pedogenesis. Owing to fluctuations of cold and warm climates since 13000 a B.P., sandy oasis soil was deposi 相似文献
15.
西藏纳木错晚更新世以来湖面变化和湖相沉积中粘土矿物显示的环境信息 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
通过对西藏海拔最高、面积最大湖泊-纳木错周缘湖相沉积、湖岸堤的野外调查和湖岸阶地的水准测量,发现在纳木错沿岸拔湖48m以下,发育有6级湖岸阶地,拔湖48~139.2m发育有高位湖相沉积。湖相沉积物的同位素测年结果表明,纳木错湖泊发育与藏北高原东南部古大湖演化可划分为3个阶段:①116~37kaB.P.间的古大湖期;②37~30kaB.P.间的外流湖期;③30kaB.P.以来的纳木错期。根据纳木错晚更新世以来湖相沉积中粘土矿物的X光衍射分析结果,以及采用比值法、高岭石法和衍射峰法的研究,探讨了粘土矿物所显示的环境变化信息。粘土矿物成分变化表明,该区已具备了寒温带干旱、半干旱区的气候环境特征。为研究青藏高原的湖泊演化、气候变化、古地理变迁及其隆升过程等提供了新资料。 相似文献
16.
云南龙街盆地第四纪沉积及环境演化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
文章记述了云南龙街盆地龙街组湖相粉砂层的特征、形成环境及地层时代,并讨论了龙街粉砂层和泥石流堆积的相变关系及其发育规律。对广布于龙街盆地的红土风化壳的化学性质、类型、时代及其所反映的气候环境进行了分析。在此基础上着重讨论了龙街盆地自中—晚更新世以来的湖盆变迁、沉积规律及气候环境特征。 相似文献
17.
端元建模分析能够从复杂的多峰分布特征的沉积物中提取出具有不同沉积动力过程的端元,但是,由于沉积物的粒度分布还受到沉积环境等多种因素的影响,该方法的有效性及获得的端元组分的地质意义有待其他环境代用指标的进一步检验。以位于“吉兰泰—河套”盆地西部磴口次级隆起区的DK-12钻孔晚第四纪沉积物为例,采用BEMMA算法对该钻孔沉积物的粒度资料进行了端元建模分析,并以黏土矿物组合和前人的孢粉组合数据作为检验指标,结合该地区的区域地质背景,对获得的4个端元进行了综合检验分析,认为获得的沉积物粒度端元具有明确的地质意义,其中EM 1为远源粉尘、EM 2为近源的风成沙、EM 3和EM 4为河流冲积沙。 相似文献
18.
通过对内蒙古额济纳盆地小狐山剖面沉积物中酸溶组分稀土元素含量及其相关指标、分布模式的分析,讨论了剖面中稀土元素指标δCe－ΣREE与沉积相、沉积环境之间的关系。分析结果表明剖面沉积物酸溶组分中稀土元素丰度均值为7.24μg/g(不包括Y),其中LREE含量占稀土总量的88.67%; 且各层的稀土分布模式均为轻稀土适度富集缓右倾斜型、Eu呈负异常模式,但各相位地层的LREE富集程度与分配模式存在差异。由于小狐山剖面中沉积地层的自身岩性、沉积粒径、矿物结构组成以及气候环境变化等因素均可能会引起REE分异。因此,通过δCe－ΣREE图并结合三次回归曲线,可以很好地将不同沉积相得物质有效的区分开来。小狐山剖面除极少数的几个样品(水下沉积砂)之外,其余的均落在三次多项式回归曲线上部; 而风成砂层则几乎全部落在回归曲线之下; 此外,对于风沙－河流作用下的混合样品也有较好识别,河流过渡相的样品则分布在曲线上或与之相邻近。此研究结果得到了柴达木贝壳堤沉积物的REE数据的验证,运用此方法可以为直观的判别剖面中的不同沉积相,并为定量化划分地层提供依据。 相似文献
19.
沉积岩的地球化学特征是古环境变化良好的示踪剂,柴达木盆地北缘地区侏罗系记录了中国西北地区古环境、古气候演化的重要信息。本研究通过对柴达木盆地北缘地区大煤沟侏罗系标准剖面沉积岩的元素地球化学分析,尝试恢复了研究区中—晚侏罗世的古环境特征。结果显示:(1)研究区中—晚侏罗世以富氧的浅水环境为主,仅在短期内出现较深湖相沉积;整体上侏罗纪湖盆水体盐度较低,而部分层段沉积物盐度增大系降雨量相对减小导致。(2)基于多元地球化学参数建立的古气候演化曲线表明,中—晚侏罗世柴达木盆地北缘地区古气温、古湿度均在一定幅度内频繁变化;自中侏罗世晚期开始,研究区古气候开始由温暖潮湿向炎热干旱转变,至晚侏罗世进入了干热环境主导的阶段。多元地球化学参数剖面的建立为中国西北地区中—晚侏罗世“干热化事件”和区域古气候的研究对比提供了新的证据和材料。 相似文献
20.
While there are numerous thick loess–palaeosol sequences preserved across the Carpathian Basin, well dated sites that provide terrestrial palaeoenvironmental records extending beyond last glacial–interglacial cycle are scarce. Robust chronologies are essential for correlations of loess with other long-term Quaternary records and to further understanding of the palaeoenvironment and climate of this important region beyond the last 125 ka. Here a new geochronology based on 13 post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence ages focused on the lower part of the loess–palaeosol sequence at Erdut is presented. The results show that the lower part of the Erdut profile spans the penultimate glacial cycle (MIS 7 to MIS 5). The considerable sediments overlaying the investigated part of the profile suggest that this section spans two glacial cycles, rather than the previously suggested one. The most likely source of the discrepancy is the use of uncorrected infrared stimulated luminescence signal, which can cause age underestimation if not accounted for. This study demonstrates the need to revisit sites such as Erdut, re-date them using updated measurement protocols, and update existing palaeoenvironmental interpretations. 相似文献