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1.
北京地区太阳紫外辐射的观测与分析研究 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
利用北京地区太阳辐射和其它常规气象观测资料，得到了到达地面的太阳紫外辐射的计算公式，并将计算值与观测值进行了比较，两者吻合得比较好。最后给出了北京地区地面太阳紫外总辐射的变化趋势，计算结果表明，地面太阳紫外总辐射对大气浑浊度的变化比对大气臭氧总量的变化敏感得多。 相似文献
2.
青藏高原瓦里关地区大气臭氧柱总量及UV—B观测结果的特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用Brewer臭氧分光光谱仪对青藏高原东北部瓦里关地区的大气臭氧柱总量及太阳紫外B生物有效辐射剂量进行了连续的观测。通过对1996-1996年的资料分析表明：该地区的臭氧柱总量具有明显的年季变化特征，并存在着减少的趋势，与TOMS卫星的观测结果相一致；臭氧垂直廓线的Umkehr反演得出这一地区的臭氧数密度最大值出现在20-30km处，冬春季的高度低于夏季；太阳紫外B生物有效辐射剂量夏季最高可达0．4W／m^2。 相似文献
3.
五道梁地区的太阳紫外辐射 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11
该文利用１９９３年９月－１９９４年８月五道梁站的太阳辐射观测资料。分析了该地区太阳紫外辐射的气候学特征。结果表明：该地区的太阳紫外辐射年平均日总量为０．７３ＭＪ／ｍ＾２，小于拉萨地区、而大于高原东北侧的河南走廊地区；紫外辐射的瞬时极大值较大，７月份可达５６Ｗ／ｍ＾２，大于河区而略小于拉萨地区。 相似文献
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6.
利用广州地区1985—1990年的太阳分光辐射的连续观测资料（观测角度为23°11′），研究了广州地区紫外辐射、可见光辐射（光合有效辐射）、近红外辐射的某些特征。结果指出，每年7—10月份各分光辐射及总辐射总量较大。月总辐射中可见光辐射占总辐射的百分比年平均为47.3%，相应的紫外辐射和近红外辐射分别占7.1%和45.6%。文中还分析了晴天条件下分光辐射的变化和1990年紫外辐射变化的某些特征，并分析和讨论了分光辐射与云量、日照时间等因子的相关。 相似文献
7.
南京地区紫外辐射初步研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
采用简化型辐射传播模型计算了南京地区到达地表的太阳紫外辐射（ＵＶ辐射）,同时根据地面紫外辐射的观测资料分析了南京地区紫外辐射的年变化、晴天与阴天的变化规律及与太阳总辐射的关系。 相似文献
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1979～1996年期间北京地区太阳紫外总辐射的变化趋势 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
对实际天气条件下北京地区1990年1月至1992年8月太阳辐射观测资料进行了详细的分析,得到了实际天气条件下到达地面的太阳紫外总辐射的计算公式。结果表明,计算值与观测值吻合得比较好。最后,利用此公式计算了北京地区1979年1月～1996年6月的太阳紫外总辐射,并讨论了1979～1996年北京地区太阳紫外总辐射的变化趋势。 相似文献
10.
太阳紫外/光合有效辐射表标定方法探讨 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
平流层臭氧层变薄导致地面紫外辐射增加,紫外辐射的生态、气候学及环境效应使太阳紫外辐射的观测研究逐渐成为辐射研究的前沿问题。地基紫外辐射联网观测是获得紫外辐射时空分布的基础,而定期进行辐射表的标定是获取正确的、具有可比性的观测数据的基本保证。利用USB2000紫外/可见辐射光谱仪,采用标准灯传递能量的标定方法建立了紫外辐射表和光合有效辐射表标定系统,标定后的紫外辐射表不确定度为5%,光合有效辐射表不确定度为5%,能够很好地满足世界气象组织标准。该标定方法简单易行、运行费用低且精度较高,能够很好地进行中国辐射观测网中紫外与光合有效辐射表的标定工作。 相似文献
11.
1/f noise in the UV solar spectral irradiance 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Costas A. Varotsos Irina Melnikova Maria N. Efstathiou Chris Tzanis 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,111(3-4):641-648
The investigation of the intrinsic properties of the solar spectral irradiance as a function of the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength is attempted by exploiting rare observations performed at the Villard St. Pancrace station of the Lille University of Sciences and Technology ranging from 278 to 400 nm with a step of 0.05 nm every half an hour from nearly sunrise to sunset. To achieve this goal, the modern method of the detrended fluctuation analysis was applied on the solar spectral irradiance values versus wavelength. This analysis revealed that the solar incident flux at the top of the atmosphere and the solar spectral irradiance at the ground during two overcast sky days fluctuate with the UV wavelength exhibiting persistent long-range power-law behavior. More interestingly, the exponent of the power-law relationship between the fluctuations of the solar spectral irradiance versus UV wavelength at both the top of the atmosphere and the ground is consistently close to unity (of 1/f-type) throughout the day. This 1/f behavior has been detected in many complex dynamical systems, but despite much effort to derive a theory for its widespread occurrence in nature, it remains unexplained so far. According to the above-mentioned findings we speculate that the 1/f property of the incident solar UV flux at the top of the atmosphere could probably drive both the 1/f behavior depicted in the atmospheric components and the solar UV irradiance at the Earth's surface. The latter could influence the UV-sensitive biological ecosystems, giving rise to a 1/f-type variability in the biosphere, which has already been proven by recent observational data. We finally propose that Wien approximation could be multiplied by a 1/f function of wavelength (e.g., of the type of the fractional Brownian motion) in order to reproduce the aforementioned 1/f feature of the solar UV flux. 相似文献
12.
C. P. Jacovides G. P. Gianourakos D. N. Asimakopoulos M. D. Steven 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1998,59(1-2):107-119
Summary From a data archive of spectral energy distribution of global and diffuse solar irradiances measured in Athens during a field
experiment, the impacts of changes in solar zenith angle, site altitude, and gaseous-aerosol pollutants loading, on spectral
composition of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the ground, has been determined for cloudless conditions. Measurements
of spectral energy distribution of ultraviolet irradiance showed that in urban atmospheres there is a significant altitude
effect on spectral UV irradiances which is more pronounced on shorter wavelength UVB than on longer wavelength UVA. In particular
the largest attenuation in the UVB band, produced by the altitude effect, between the non-urban site of Mt. Hymettus and the
urban site of Athens Museum, was about 27%; while the corresponding attenuation in the UVA band reached 20%. Correspondingly,
the respective attenuation caused by altitude effect in the diffuse UVB band was 12%; whereas the altitude effect increases
UVA band to as much as 9% between the summit of Mt. Hymettus and the urban site of Athens Museum. Depletion of UV irradiances
by the urban atmosphere of downtown Athens was strongly related to aerosol-gaseous pollutants loading. The spectral UV measurements
were found to be sensitive to both, changes in solar zenith angle and atmospheric turbidity. The spectral ratio of diffuse-to-direct
irradiance critically depends on both solar zenith angle and aerosol-gaseous pollutants loading, increasing rapidly toward
the shorter wavelengths. Finally, the hypothesis that the increased levels of aerosol-gaseous pollutants may act as a filter
to the transfer of UV energy to the ground is supported, by the limited set of spectral measurements used in the present work.
Received June 16, 1996 Revised April 18, 1997 相似文献
13.
L. Alados-Arboledas I. Alados I. Foyo-Moreno F. J. Olmo A. Alcntara 《Atmospheric Research》2003,66(4):273-290
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of clouds on the ultraviolet erythemal irradiance. The study was developed at three stations in the Iberian Peninsula: Madrid and Murcia, using data recorded in the period 2000–2001, and Zaragoza, using data recorded in 2001. In order to determine the cloud effect on ultraviolet erythemal irradiance, we considered a cloud modification factor defined as the ratio between the measured values of ultraviolet erythemal irradiance and the corresponding clear-sky ultraviolet erythemal irradiance, which would be expected for the same time period and atmospheric conditions. The dependence of this cloud modification factor on total cloud amount, cloud type and solar elevation angle was investigated. The results suggest that the effect of cloud on ultraviolet erythemal irradiance can be parameterized in a simple way in terms of the cloud amount. Our results suggest that the same cloud modification factor model can be used at the three analysed locations estimating the ultraviolet erythemal irradiance with mean bias deviation (MBD) in the range of the expected experimental errors. This cloud modification factor is lower than that associated to the whole solar spectral range, indicating that the attenuation for the ultraviolet erythemal irradiance is lower than that associated to other solar spectral ranges. The cloud modification factor for ultraviolet erythemal irradiance presents dependence with solar elevation, with opposite dependencies with solar elevation for overcast and partial cloud cover conditions, a fact that can be explained in terms of the influence of reflection-enhancement of the ultraviolet irradiance in the last case. Concerning the influence of cloud type, a limited study of two cloud categories, low and medium level and high level, indicated that for overcast conditions, lower clouds presents an attenuation of ultraviolet erythemal irradiance 20% greater than that associated to high level clouds. 相似文献
14.
K. V. S. Badarinath Shailesh Kumar Kharol V. Krishna Prasad Anu Rani Sharma E. U. B. Reddi H. D. Kambezidis D. G. Kaskaoutis 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2008,59(3):219-236
Measurements of total ozone column and solar UV radiation under different atmospheric conditions are needed to define variations
of both UV and ozone and to study the impact of ozone depletion at the Earth’s surface. In this study, spectral and broadband
measurements of UV-B irradiance were obtained along with total ozone observations and aerosol optical depth measurements in
the tropical urban region of Hyderabad, south India. We specifically used an Ultra-Violet Multifilter Rotating Shadow band
Radiometer (UVMFR-SR), to measure UV irradiance in time and space. To assess the aerosol and O3 effects on ground-reaching UV irradiance, we used measurements from a Microtops II sun photometer in addition to the Tropospheric
Ultraviolet Visible radiation (TUV) model. We also assessed the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program – Operational Line
Scanner (DMSP-OLS) night time satellite data for inferring biomass burning fires during the study period. Results clearly
suggested a negative correlation between the DMSP-OLS satellite derived fire count data and UVMFR-SR data suggesting that
aerosols from biomass burning are directly attenuating UV irradiance in the study region. Also, correlation analysis between
UV index and ozone measurements from sun photometer and TOMS-Ozone Mapping Instrument (OMI) indicated a clear decrease in
ground reaching UV-B irradiance during higher ozone conditions. The higher levels are attributed to photochemical production
of O3 during the oxidation of trace gases emitted from biomass burning. Results also suggested a relatively high attenuation in
UV irradiance (~6% higher) from smoke particles than dust. We also found a relatively good agreement between the modeled (TUV)
and measured UV irradiance spectra for different atmospheric conditions. Our results highlight the factors affecting UV irradiance
in a tropical urban environment, south India. 相似文献
15.
Summary The dependency of erythemal weighted solar UV irradiance on tilted surfaces with different orientation is investigated with respect to solar zenith angle, variable atmospheric conditions and albedo of the location. For overcast conditions or a cloud in front of the sun, the irradiance on a horizontal surface in general is largest, with the consequence that it is reduced for surfaces with any tilted position. For cloud free conditions the irradiance on a tilted plane, in comparison to that on a horizontal flat surface, is increased for orientations towards the sun, but reduced for other orientations. The increase is strongest for low sun in combination with clear atmosphere and high ground albedo, as is typical for snow covered mountain conditions. 相似文献
16.
Solar irradiance, sunshine duration and daylight illuminance derived from METEOSAT data for some European sites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary
Radiometric ground truth data from seven Norwegian stations (58–64° N), and from five other European stations (38–61° N),
are compared to satellite-derived data in the present paper. Hourly global irradiance at ground level is estimated by the
Heliosat procedure from the “visible” channel of the geostationary satellite METEOSAT. With increasing latitude this satelllite
sees the earth’s surface at an increasingly unfavourable angle. Nevertheless, in this paper, global irradiance estimates reproduce
high latitude ground truth data with negligible Mean Bias Deviations (MBD) and only minor deviations regarding frequency distributions.
Moreover, the Root Mean Square Deviations (RMSD) are comparable to those typically seen between ground truth stations some
20–30 km apart.
Using a number of auxiliary models, a multiplicity of ground level solar radiation data is obtained from satellite-derived
global irradiance data, and made available at the SATEL-LIGHT www server. The accuracy of the half-hourly data thus derived
from Heliosat global irradiances, using models for diffuse fraction, luminous efficacy and slope/horizontal ratios, is successfully
verified against ground truth data.
Received August 31, 2000/Revised January 31, 2001 相似文献
17.
比较分析了2017年南极中山站3种仪器测量地面太阳紫外B（UVB）波段和紫外A（UVA）波段的辐照度。以Brewer光谱仪测值为参考,国产宽波段FSUVB日射表在UVB（波段280~315 nm）的辐照度相对误差为（55±75）%,误差随大气臭氧总量的增加呈上升趋势,但在南极“臭氧洞”期间偏低。Yankee UVB宽波段日射表在UVB（波段280~320 nm）的辐照度相对误差为（-31±22）%;国产宽波段FSUVA日射表在UVA（波段315~400 nm）的辐照度相对误差为（23±5.9）%。太阳天顶角低于80°的晴天以Tropospheric Ultraviolet Visible（TUV）辐射模式计算结果为参考时,FSUVB,Yankee UVB和FSUVA辐照度的平均相对误差分别为（30±37）%,（-22±19）%和（27±6.4）%,而Brewer相对误差未超过3.5%。国产宽波段UV日射表测值偏高,反映出波长较长的杂散光对太阳辐照度测值影响明显。 相似文献
18.
Broadband solar irradiance data obtained in the spectral range 400–940 nm at Kwangju, South Korea from 1999–2000 have been analyzed to investigate the effects of cloud cover and atmospheric optical depth on solar radiation components. Results from measurements indicate that the percentage of direct and diffuse horizontal components of solar irradiance depend largely on total optical depth (TOD) and cloud cover. During summer and spring, the percentages of diffuse solar irradiance relative to the global irradiance were 5.0% and 4.9% as compared to 2.2% and 3.0% during winter and autumn. The diffuse solar irradiance is higher than the direct in spring and summer by 24.2%, and 40.6%, respectively, which may largely be attributed to the attenuation (scattering) of radiation by heavy dust pollution and large cloud amount. In cloud-free conditions with cloud cover ≤2/10, the fraction of the direct and diffuse components were 66.0% and 34.0%, respectively, with a mean daily global irradiance value of 7.92±2.91 MJ m−2 day−1. However, under cloudy conditions (with cloud cover ≥8/10), the diffuse and direct fractions were 97.9% and 2.2% of the global component, respectively. The annual mean TOD under cloudless conditions (cloud cover≤2/10) yields 0.74±0.33 and increased to as much as 3.15±0.67 under cloudy conditions with cloud amount ≥8/10. An empirical formula is derived for estimating the diffuse and direct components of horizontal solar irradiance by considering the total atmospheric optical depth (TOD). Results from statistical models are shown for the estimation of solar irradiance components as a function of TOD with sufficient accuracy as indicated by low standard error for each solar zenith angle (SZA). 相似文献
19.
城区高光谱遥感数据假彩色波段组合研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
高光谱数据具有波段数目多、波段宽度窄、数据量庞大等特点，如何根据具体的应用目的，在众多的波段中选取最佳波段组合用于假彩色合成，对于有效进行高光谱数据处理、分析及信息提取至关重要。以面阵推帚式机载超光谱成像仪(PHI)获得的上海市黄浦江附近复杂地表高光谱图像数据为例，分析了图像所包含的信息量、各通道之间的相关性以及影像上各地物的光谱特征，选出了那些包含信息量大、相关性小、光谱差异大的波段子集，然后再结合协方差矩阵特征值法、最佳指数法和波段指数法波段组合方法选出了高光谱遥感图像的最佳波段组合。 相似文献
20.
U. Feister 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1994,19(3):289-315
Solar ultraviolet radiation at the surface has been measured at Potsdam on cloudless days by spectrometer OL 752/10. The measurements are compared with broad-band filter measurements and with model calculations using a modified version of Green's model, which is independent of the measurements. Input data to the model such as atmospheric ozone and aerosol optical thicknesses were measured by a Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometer as well as a Linke Feussner pyrheliometer, respectively. Differences between the model and the measurements are discussed in terms of uncertainties in the calibration and errors of instruments as well as uncertainties in the model calculations including the errors of input data. It is demonstrated that different chemically and biologically effective radiances can be determined from only one set of measured spectral irradiance components, i.e. global radiation and diffuse downward and upward directed radiation. Examples of diurnal variations of the photochemical production of ozone and hydroxyl radicals as determined from spectral irradiance measurements and measured concentrations of relevant trace gases are given.It is shown from the measured irradiance that relations between different effects of radiation to the biosphere depend on solar zenith angle, and to a certain extent also on atmospheric ozone. This has to be taken into account when adverse effects of changing UV radiation are evaluated. Radiation Amplification Factors derived from measurements correspond to those determined from model calculations. 相似文献