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研究海平面上升对河口的影响情况有助于了解输运过程的变化,基于21世纪海平面上升预测研究(陈长霖,2012;张吉,2014),本文选取珠江河口这一径优型与潮优型并存的河口为研究区域,利用数值模拟的方法,研究其在未来海平面上升后可能出现的响应。结果表明,河口的平均盐度、咸潮上溯距离和层化强度都将随着海平面的上升而增加,这些因素的变化有着明显的季节性。伶仃洋平均盐度在4月和10月增加更多;伶仃洋枯水期咸潮上溯距离的增量大于丰水期,磨刀门则相反;伶仃洋丰水期层化强度及其增量都要大于枯水期。海平面上升后的输运过程响应结果显示:(1) 垂向输运时间将增加,虽然海平面上升带来的潮差潮流的增强将加强垂向混合,但是层化的加强会削弱垂向交换。垂向输运时间的增加是由于层化的加强,层化加强抑制了潮汐变化带来的影响,表层水更难交换到底层; (2) 南北向河口环流将加强,表层余流向海加强,底层余流向陆加强,南北向余流整体向海减小。造成这些现象的主要原因是海平面上升后水深增加带来的河道比降的减小和压力梯度力的改变。 相似文献
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The circulation and salinity distribution in the Hooghly Estuary have been studied by developing a two‐dimensional depth‐averaged numerical model for the lower estuary, where the flow is vertically well mixed. This has been coupled with a one‐dimensional model for the upper estuary, where the flow is assumed to be unidirectional and well mixed over the depth and breadth. The Hooghly River receives high freshwater discharge during the monsoon season (June to September), which has significant effect on the salinity distribution in the estuary. The model‐simulated currents, elevations, and salinities are in good agreement with observations during the dry season. However, during the wet season the computed salinities seem to deviate slightly from the observed values. 相似文献
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杭州湾潮汐特征时空变化及原因分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
杭州湾是世界著名的强潮河口湾,一直是研究的热点。基于杭州湾口内外实测潮汐资料,对杭州湾潮汐特征及时空变化进行了系统分析,包括高潮位、低潮位、平均潮位、潮差、涨潮历时以及天文潮变化,同时分析了20世纪80年代以来潮汐特征变化的原因。结果表明:最近50年来,杭州湾年平均高潮位和海平面抬高,潮差增大;澉浦年平均低潮位抬高,涨潮历时缩短,浅海分潮增大;钱塘江河口治江缩窄是造成杭州湾潮汐变化的主要因素;浙江和邻近海域的涉海工程可能是造成浙江沿海海平面上升的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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The characteristics of three-dimensional (3-D) tidal current in the Oujiang Estuary are investigated according to in situ observations. The Oujiang Estuary has features of irregular coastline, complex topography, many islands, moveable boundary, and submerged dyke, therefore, a 3-D numerical model on an unstructured triangular grid has been developed. The σ coordinate transformation, the moveable boundary and submerged dyke treatment techniques were employed in the model so it is suitable for the tidal simu... 相似文献
7.
长江口整治工程对盐水入侵影响研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
根据实测资料分析了长江口的盐水入侵问题。采用调和常数得到外海控制潮位,用流量控制上游边界,建立了长江口、杭州湾及邻近海域正交曲线坐标系下的二维潮流和盐度数学模型。模型验证了长江口洪、枯季时大、中、小潮的潮位、流速、流向和盐度,较好地模拟了口外顺时针旋转流和口内往复流的特征,反映了外海盐水入侵和北支盐水倒灌的运移特性。在此基础上对长江口综合整治规划方案进行了研究,讨论了整治工程对减轻长江口盐水入侵的作用。 相似文献
8.
古长江河口湾充填潮流作用机制的初步探讨 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
长江三角洲的发育是以古长江河日湾的充填来实现的.研究潮汐、潮流在古长江河口湾充填中所起的作用,可深入了解长江三角洲的形成发育过程.建立了渤海、黄海、东海的二维潮流数学模型,数值模拟了冰后期最大海侵,即现今长江三角洲地区为巨大河口湾时的M2潮汐、潮流.在此基础上,计算了古长江河口湾及其周围海域8种粒径泥沙的潮平均悬移与推移输沙率,并根据输沙率散度的正负,划分了海底冲刷区与淤积区.根据计算结果得出,冰后期最大海侵时,存在大致以古长江河口湾湾口中点为腹点、波腹线向海凸起的独特驻潮波波腹区.在其控制下,外海潮流大致以古长江河口湾湾口中点为顶点作辐聚、辐散运动.在古潮流场作用下,经历每一个潮周期后,古长江河口湾周围海域的泥沙均向河口湾内净输运,并在河口湾内淤积.古长江河口湾的充填是在长江带来大量泥沙,外海的潮汐、潮流又有利于泥沙向河口湾内净输运,且在河口湾内沉积的情况下实现的.外海的潮汐、潮流为古长江河口湾的充填、长江三角洲的发育提供了必要而又有利的水动力环境. 相似文献
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基于2009—2019年实测资料分析研究我国三大河口咸潮入侵的特征及变化规律。研究结果表明:2009年以来,珠江口每年都会受到咸潮入侵的威胁,2019年咸潮入侵程度为近8年来最为严重的一年,全禄水厂超标时间超过210 h;钱塘江口除2014年外均发生较强咸潮入侵,其中2019年咸潮入侵程度为近9年最为严重的一年,南星水厂超标时间超过550 h;长江口咸潮入侵程度整体呈下降趋势,2015年后咸潮入侵次数明显减少,平均每年3次,主要原因为长江口北支倒灌影响,2019年咸潮入侵程度为近5年最为严重的一年,青草沙水库超标时间超过470 h。对河口咸潮入侵影响最大的因素为径流,其次是潮汐和海平面变化;受潮周期影响,咸潮入侵具有日变化和半月变化周期;受径流影响,咸潮入侵具有明显的季节变化和年际变化规律,我国三大河口咸潮入侵机制共性和差异性并存。海平面上升和风暴潮增水会加剧磨刀门咸潮入侵灾害,在高海平面期及风暴潮多发期需格外注意咸潮入侵灾害,做好预警应对。 相似文献
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A numerical study on the impact of tidal waves on the storm surge in the north of Liaodong Bay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
KONG Xiangpeng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(1):35-41
A storm surge is an abnormal sharp rise or fall in the seawater level produced by the strong wind and low pressure field of an approaching storm system.A storm tide is a water level rise or fall caused by the combined effect of the storm surge and an astronomical tide.The storm surge depends on many factors,such as the tracks of typhoon movement,the intensity of typhoon,the topography of sea area,the amplitude of tidal wave,the period during which the storm surge couples with the tidal wave.When coupling with different parts of a tidal wave,the storm surges caused by a typhoon vary widely.The variation of the storm surges is studied.An once-in-a-century storm surge was caused by Typhoon 7203 at Huludao Port in the north of the Liaodong Bay from July 26th to 27th,1972.The maximum storm surge is about 1.90 m.The wind field and pressure field used in numerical simulations in the research were derived from the historical data of the Typhoon 7203 from July 23rd to 28th,1972.DHI Mike21 is used as the software tools.The whole Bohai Sea is defined as the computational domain.The numerical simulation models are forced with sea levels at water boundaries,that is the tide along the Bohai Straits from July 18th to 29th（2012）.The tide wave and the storm tides caused by the wind field and pressure field mentioned above are calculated in the numerical simulations.The coupling processes of storm surges and tidal waves are simulated in the following way.The first simulation start date and time are 00：00 July 18th,2012; the second simulation start date and time are 03：00 July 18th,2012.There is a three-hour lag between the start date and time of the simulation and that of the former one,the last simulation start date and time are 00：00 July 25th,2012.All the simulations have a same duration of 5 days,which is same as the time length of typhoon data.With the first day and the second day simulation output,which is affected by the initial field,being ignored,only the 3rd to 5th day simulation results are used to study the rules of the storm surges in the north of the Liaodong Bay.In total,57 cases are calculated and analyzed,including the coupling effects between the storm surge and a tidal wave during different tidal durations and on different tidal levels.Based on the results of the 57 numerical examples,the following conclusions are obtained：For the same location,the maximum storm surges are determined by the primary vibration（the storm tide keeps rising quickly） duration and tidal duration.If the primary vibration duration is a part of the flood tidal duration,the maximum storm surge is lower（1.01,1.05 and 1.37 m at the Huludao Port,the Daling Estuary and the Liaohe Estuary respectively）.If the primary vibration duration is a part of the ebb tidal duration,the maximum storm surge is higher（1.92,2.05 and 2.80 m at the Huludao Port,the Daling Estuary and the Liaohe Estuary respectively）.In the mean time,the sea level restrains the growth of storm surges.The hour of the highest storm tide has a margin of error of plus or minus 80 min,comparing the high water hour of the astronomical tide,in the north of the Liaodong Bay. 相似文献
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Owing to the intensive human activities, the Modaomen Estuary has been significantly modified since 1950s, which has resulted in considerable changes of hydrodynamics and morphodynamics in the area. In this paper, the effects of the anthropogenic activities on the hydrodynamics and morphological evolution in the estuary at different stages are systematically assessed based on the detailed bathymetric data and field survey. The results show that the human activities have caused the channelization of the enclosed sea area in the Modamen Estuary; fast seaward movement of the mouth bar with high siltation; expansion of the channel volume due to channel deepening. The paper also highlights the main hydrodynamic changes in the estuary, including the rise of the water level; the distinguishing changes of tidal range before and after the 1990s (decrease and increase respectively); as well as the increase of the divided flow ratio. It is found that reclamation is the main factor promoting the transition of nature of the estuary from runoff dominant to runoff and wave dominant, and sand mining activities are mainly to strengthen the tidal dynamic and to low the water level. The results provide useful guidance for better planning of the future developments in the estuary and further research in the area. 相似文献
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自南黄海辐射状沙脊被发现，尤其是江苏省海岸带和海涂资源综合调查揭示了其全貌，并同时测得辐射状沙脊区存在辐射状潮流场(任美愕，1986)以来，对南黄海辐射状沙脊的成因，主要包括其形成的水动力条件、物质来源、形成机理与形成过程等，本领域学术界一直存在争论1)(李从先等，1979；任美锷，1986；李成治等，1981；周长振等，1981；万延森，1982；刘振夏，1983；刘振夏等，1983，1995；耿秀山等，1983；夏东兴等，1984；夏综万等，1984；杨长恕，1985；黄易畅等，1987；张光威，1991；赵松龄，1991；朱大奎等，1993；杨治家等，1995；朱玉荣等，1995，1997；张东生等，1996；李从先等，1997)。
南黄海辐射状沙脊的形成机理及形成过程是与其形成的水动力条件、物质来源紧密联系在一起的。持该区的辐射状潮流场是受海底地形与(或)局部弶港海湾形态控制而形成观点的学者，多认为辐射状潮流场形成的同时或之后会反作用于海底地形，逐渐将海底地形改造成辐射状沙脊1)(任美锷，1986；李成治等，1981；万延森，1982；张光威，1991)，并且认为辐射状沙脊的形成需要几千年的时间1)，或是一个历史过程(李成治等，1981)，或经过最近一百多年的改造而形成(万延森，1982)，或形成于距今4000年前以来(张光威，1991)。这种观点的本质在于认为辐射状沙脊的辐射状形态是由海底地形的初始辐射状形态决定的，辐射状潮流场的作用在于使具初始辐射状形态的海底地形的辐射状形式更好，即认为辐射状潮流场对辐射状沙脊辐射状形态的形成不起决定作用。认为辐射状潮流场是由东海传入黄海的前进潮波与山东半岛南部的旋转潮波相交汇而形成，并且认为辐射状潮流场有可能自全新世海侵影响本区，或自7000年前以来就一直存在(对古海岸时辐射状潮流场存在的认识只是推测，尚缺乏证据)的学者，多认为辐射状沙脊的辐射状形态是由该区潮流场的辐射状形态决定的(周长振等，1981；刘振夏,1983；夏综万等,1984；杨长恕,1985；黄易畅等，1987；朱大奎等,1993；朱玉荣等，1995，1997),即认为辐射状潮流场对辐射状沙脊的辐射状形态起决定作用。这两种观点根本对立。 相似文献
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根据长江口6个主要潮位站1993-2008年潮位资料,通过经验正交函数分析法(EOF法)分析了长时间序列和三峡工程前后月平均高潮位变化规律以及2000年的日高潮位变化规律,并探究其影响因素。结果表明:EOF分析前三个主成分贡献率为98.19%,可以反映潮位变化的主要过程。EOF1的影响因子是径流量,在空间上均为正值,呈上游至下游递减趋势,时间系数呈季节性变化;EOF2的影响因子是月平均海平面变化,在空间上有明显的分布差异,时间系数总体有上升趋势。三峡工程前后影响因子的作用有一定变化,径流量的影响增强,海平面减小。徐六泾以上河段的潮位站受径流丰枯影响,徐六泾以下高潮位受平均海平面控制更大。 相似文献
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利用实测资料分析重构了大亚湾和大鹏湾潮汐水位“双峰”现象,确定了浅水分潮的异常增长是潮位“双峰”现象的主要成因,其中四分之一日分潮和六分之一日分潮起着至关重要的作用。通过SCHISM模型构建大亚湾和大鹏湾附近海域高分辨率水动力模型,模拟结果表明近岸海域,在大亚湾以东,潮汐类型为不规则全日潮,以西为不规则半日潮,在两个海湾内均为不规则半日潮;研究海域的潮流均表现为不规则半日潮流。四分之一日分潮和六分之一日分潮在大亚湾和大鹏湾的不同变形过程是造成两个相邻海湾水文差异的直接原因。通过构建不同底摩擦强度、消除水底地形以及改变海湾水深的数值实验研究表明,分潮传播方向与水深变浅方向是否一致,是导致两个海湾潮波浅水变形不同的根本原因。 相似文献
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Kuo-Chuin Wong Brian Dzwonkowski William J. Ullman 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(4):440-446
The instantaneous sea level determined at two sites in the Murderkill Estuary, a tributary of Delaware Bay, results from the superposition of temporal variability operating over different time and spatial scales. Over the relatively short tidal time scales, the semidiurnal tides that represent the dominant tidal constituents in lower Delaware Bay show a modest increase in tidal amplitudes from the bay mouth (Lewes, Delaware), up to Bowers Beach (the mouth of the Murderkill Estuary). However, as the tides propagate into the Murderkill Estuary, the semidiurnal constituents undergo heavy attenuation, resulting in a 48% reduction in tidal amplitude from Bowers to Frederica (approximately the extent of saline intrusion). The diurnal tide, on the other hand, experiences only a 25% reduction in amplitude. The limited tidal asymmetry that is observed may be a result of interaction between flows in the tidal channel and the adjacent salt marsh. At longer time scales, the subtidal sea level experiences no attenuation. The Murderkill Estuary thus behaves like a low pass filter to preferentially damp out high frequency sea level forcing from lower Delaware Bay. The subtidal volume flux in the Murderkill is highly coherent with the time rate of change of sea level, indicating that the Murderkill basically co-oscillates with Delaware Bay in a standing wave fashion over the subtidal time scale. This remote coupling controls more than 90% of the variance in subtidal sea level in the estuary. The surface slopes in the lower bay and the Murderkill Estuary are closely correlated with winds along the orientation of the two waterways, consistent with the effect of local wind on subtidal sea level. 相似文献
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A three-dimensional semi-implicit finite volume numerical model has been developed and applied to study tidal circulation and salinity stratification in the region of Oujiang River Estuary, China. The model employs horizontally unstructured grids and boundary-fitted coordinate system in the vertical direction. Governing equations consisting of continuity, momentum, and transport equations are all solved in the integral form of the equations, which provides a better representation of the conservative laws for mass, momentum, and transport in the coastal region with complex geometry and bottom bathymetry. The model performance was firstly quantified with skill assessment statistics on the choice of different parameters and validated with observed tidal elevation, current velocity, direction and salinity data over a spring–neap tidal cycle collected in 2006. Numerical results show that the model with wetting–drying capability successfully simulated the tidal currents and salinity fields with a reasonable accuracy and indicate that the Oujiang River Estuary is a macrotidal estuary with strong tidal mixing. In addition, the model results also show that the Oujiang River Estuary is a well-mixed estuary during spring tide. Then, the numerical simulations were performed to compare the hydrodynamic process and salinity distribution before and after a river training, which was conducted by blocking the south branch of the Oujiang River mouth. The results reveal that with the only north access to the sea, the influence of the blocking project on the flood discharge capacity is limited and the incremental velocity is beneficial to the navigation channel maintenance, although it will cause some scour to the embankment. Furthermore, the redistribution of tidal prism passing in or out the north branch makes a little severe salinity intrusion during high tide or low tide. However, the salinity intrusion is still within acceptable range, although it can cause some adverse effect on water intaking of production and life. The variations of salinity levels in Yueqing Bay situated at the north of the river mouth are not obvious, so the blocking project will not bring damage to local aquiculture. However, significant changes of salinity happen inside or outside of the south branch, so enough attention need to be paid to the changes of environment caused by the salinity variation after the blocking project. Overall, by weighing advantages and disadvantages of the blocking project, it is feasible and the model can be considered as a tool for managing and studying estuarine circulation. 相似文献
17.
采用1984年8月28日19时—29日24时黄浦江米市;渡至吴淞口水位和流量资料,根据描述河道中水流非恒定流动的Saini-Venant方程组,建立了模拟黄浦江潮位和潮量特征变化的数值模式。考虑未来海平面上升,预测了黄浦江潮位和潮量的变化及对周围环境的影响。计算结果表明,随着海平面的上升,黄浦江潮位相应增加,高潮位的上升值大于海平面上升值;低潮位的上升值小于海平面上升值,潮差增大。在同一海平面上升值下,潮差增量由下游向上游渐渐增大,随着海平面的上升,涨潮量和落潮量都相应增加。 相似文献
18.
R. K. Nayak M. Salim S. K. Sasamal P. C. Mohanthy R. K. Bharadwaj K. H. Rao 《Marine Geodesy》2016,39(5):331-347
The present tidal correction of sea level records of Satellite with ARgoes and ALtimeter (SARAL) is based on the finite element solution (FES) of global tide model FES2012 tidal solution. In this study, we examined the validity of the tidal corrections in the coastal oceans around India using tide gauge measurements and a regional tidal model. Our regional model is based on the barotropic version of the Princeton Ocean Model that is forced by the time-varying tidal levels at the open ocean end based on the global FES99 tidal solution. Tide charts prepared from the simulated tidal levels are very similar to the FES tidal solutions. Comparison with the tide gauge measurement shows close agreement with the regional tidal solutions. On the other hand, the agreement with the FES tide models differ significantly in the Gulf of Khambhat and the Gulf of Kutch on the northwest, and in the Hooghly estuary on the northeast continental shelf. However, the agreement is exceptional in other parts of the study domain. These tidal solutions are used in the SARAL-ALTIKA X-track data to assess the FES tidal correction and to draw some inferences associated with the coastal processes. It is revealed that these corrections are reasonably accurate for the coastal oceans around India except the aforementioned converging channels. 相似文献
19.
With the aim to link tidal and subtidal water level changes to human interventions, 70 years of water level data for the Rhine–Meuse tidal river network is analysed using a variety of statistical methods. Using a novel parameterization of probability density functions, mean high and low water levels are examined, and extreme water levels are investigated by applying the combined Mann–Kendall and Pettitt tests to find trends and trend changes. Tidal water levels are studied based on harmonic analysis. Results show that the mean water levels throughout the system rise with the same pace as the mean sea level. However, high- and low water levels do not show the same increase, and the spatial variability in decadal trends in high- and low water levels is high. High water and low water extremes generally decrease. Both the extreme water level analysis and the harmonic analysis display significant trend breaks in 1970, 1981 and 1997. These breaks can be attributed to the closure of the Haringvliet estuary, the removal of sluices and the removal of a dam, respectively, which radically alter the tidal motion. These results demonstrate that the direct human influence on the tidal motion can overwhelm the effect of mean sea level rise on water level extremes. 相似文献
20.
The paper presents an approach towards a medium-term (decades) modelling of water levels and currents in a shallow tidal sea by means of combined hydrodynamic and neural network models. The two-dimensional version of the hydrodynamic model Delft3D, forced with realistic water level and wind fields, is used to produce a two-year-database of water levels and currents in the study area. The linear principal component analysis (PCA) of the results is performed to reveal dominating spatial patterns in the analyzed dataset and to significantly reduce the dimensionality of the data. It is shown that only a few principal components (PCs) are necessary to reconstruct the data with high accuracy (over 95% of the original variance). Feed-forward neural networks are set up and trained to effectively simulate the leading PCs based on water level and wind speed and direction time series in a single, arbitrarily chosen point in the study area. Assuming that the spatial modes resulting from the PCA are ‘universally’ applicable to the data from time periods not modelled with Delft3D, the trained neural networks can be used to very effectively and reliably simulate temporal and spatial variability of water levels and currents in the study area. The approach is shown to be able to accurately reproduce statistical distribution of water levels and currents in various locations inside the study area and thus can be viewed as a reliable complementary tool e.g., for computationally expensive hydrodynamic modelling. Finally, a detailed analysis of the leading PCs is performed to estimate the role of tidal forcing and wind (including its seasonal and annual variability) in shaping the water level and current climate in the study area. 相似文献