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台州沿海地区台风风暴潮淹没风险分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
台州市是我国遭受台风风暴潮灾害最为严重的地区之一,对台州地区进行风暴潮淹没风险分析对于该区域的海洋防灾减灾工作有着十分重要的意义。找出对整个评估区域各控制点均能产生较大增水的台风路径作为淹没风险分析的基础路径,同时为保守起见,保证每次台风过程的最大增水均叠加在当地天文高潮上,根据台风强度不同分为6个等级对应风暴潮的不同强度,评估分析六个不同等级的台风风暴潮叠加到台州当地天文高潮所产生的风暴潮灾害。评估中还充分考虑了实际一维海堤等对评估结果的影响,评估结果更加合理。从分析的结果来看,由于台州市区高程普遍偏低,一旦出现海水漫堤的情况,将会在评估区域内造成大面积的淹没,受灾程度视淹没深度和范围不同而不同。 相似文献
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漫堤是天文潮、风暴潮与海浪等物理要素作用于海堤后海水翻越海堤的物理过程。本文利用天文潮-风暴潮-台风浪耦合模式(ADCIRC+SWAN)、基于非结构三角形网格和高分辨率地理数据(海堤位置和高程、岸线和水深等)构建福建沿海精细化漫堤风险等级评估系统。该系统在近岸网格分辨率最高达50m,可精确刻画福建沿海复杂地形。利用模拟的水位与海浪参数,采用波浪爬高公式计算得到各海堤堤前波浪爬高。按照总水位与波浪爬高之和与海堤高程的对比,将漫堤风险分为五个等级。对2013年的超强台风天兔过程进行后报检验。结果显示,该系统计算的漫堤情况与灾后调查的漫堤实况基本一致,结果准确,说明本研究中采用的漫堤风险评估标准和方法是可行的。在此基础上,设计了4种不同的台风强度等级,对福建沿海206条海堤进行了漫堤风险等级评估,探究台风强度对漫堤风险的影响。结果表明:波浪爬高对漫堤风险的影响高于单纯的风暴潮增水;风暴潮增水随台风强度的增强增量较小,对于漫堤的风险影响较小;福建沿海波浪爬高普遍较高,随着台风强度的增强,波浪爬高会显著增加漫堤的风险等级,且应重视台风浪对海堤造成的冲击所导致的溃堤灾害。本研究可为沿海防灾减灾提供科学依据。 相似文献
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浙江沿海超强台风风暴潮灾害的影响及其对策 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对浙江省历史台风基本资料进行分析后发现,近年来台风严重影响浙江的趋势和登陆浙江的台风个数均有明显的增强和增加.浙江省沿海各测站的历史最高潮位均由台风暴潮引起,其中"9417"号、"9711"号两次台风与天文大潮遭遇引起的风暴潮次数占了绝大多数.受台风暴潮影响时,岸边观测到的潮位由天文潮和台风引起的增水两部分组成.采用潮波与风暴增水耦合的非线性效应模型研究了风暴潮.在验证"5612"号、"9417"号、"9711"号、"0414"号、"0509"号和"桑美"6场台风暴潮的基础上,模型以1949年以来我国大陆沿海最强的一次台风("5612"号台风)参数为基础,设计了台风在浙北(穿山)、浙中北(石浦)、浙中(椒江)、浙中南(坎门)和浙南(琵琶门)登陆的5条路径,以反映超强台风在浙江沿海不同地点登陆与天文高潮位"碰头"时可能造成的最高潮位,它可以基本代表超强台风登陆浙江沿海时的风暴潮位.根据两潮耦合模型计算得到的沿海高潮位与海塘塘顶高程进行比较,分析沿海海塘发生漫顶甚至溃堤的可能性.通过对海塘可能损毁机理的分析,根据不同登陆线路的超强台风在遭遇天文大潮高潮位时对浙江沿海可能造成的威胁程度进行淹没风险分析.在上述计算分析的基础上,结合浙江沿海的实际情况,提出相应的防御超强台风风暴潮的工程和非工程措施. 相似文献
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文章基于近岸海洋数值模式ADCIRC (a parallel advanced circulation model for oceanic, coastal and estuarine waters)和近海波浪数值模式SWAN (simulating waves nearshore), 建立雷州市高分辨率的风暴潮-海浪耦合漫滩数值模型, 并反演了对雷州市影响较为严重的1415号台风“海鸥”的风暴潮过程。经过对比分析得出, 波浪对雷州市沿海海域的风暴潮产生重要影响。然后以8007号台风路径为基础, 构造了7个不同等级共35组台风风暴潮案例, 计算分析出不同等级台风强度下雷州市风暴潮淹没范围及水深。900hPa等级下, 雷州市淹没面积达到463.2km2。文章还构造了60组可能最大风暴潮事件集, 计算得到雷州市可能最大台风风暴潮淹没范围及水深分布。在可能最大台风影响下, 大量海水将漫过海堤, 造成极其严重的淹没灾害, 雷州市总的淹没面积可达602.0km2, 其中465.8km2的淹没面积达到了危险性等级 Ⅰ 级, 淹没水深大于3m。雷州市东岸的淹没灾害大于西岸。 相似文献
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选择20个对舟山海域有较大影响的历史台风案例,开展定海站实测潮位数据的分析与归纳,总结得出20个台风中风暴潮过程增水最大值为5612号台风的207.1 cm,风暴潮高潮位最大值为9711号台风的283.7 cm。同时,在三维斜压水动力模型SELFE的基础上加入台风气压场和风场模块,建立了一个采用非结构三角形网格的天文潮-风暴潮耦合模型,模拟表明定海站的斜压效应较为明显,非线性耦合作用相对较弱,但两潮耦合风暴潮增水结果仍优于风暴潮单因子增水结果,与实际增水更为接近。在此基础上,以一定间隔在5612号台风原路径南北两侧各设计了2条平行路径,分别模拟两潮耦合风暴潮增水,结果表明5612号台风参数沿其原路径偏南1个最大风速半径距离的S1路径运动时可模拟得到定海站可能最大风暴潮增水为243.9 cm。最后,在S1路径下模拟可能最大风暴潮增水分别遭遇天文高、中、低潮位时的风暴潮高潮位,结果表明天文潮高潮时可得到可能最大风暴潮高潮位约为400 cm,天文中潮时次之,而天文低潮时风暴潮高潮位最低。 相似文献
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基于ADCIRC建立了三门湾风暴潮模型,模型模拟结果与实测数据吻合较好。以可能最大热带气旋参数为基础构建了多种假想台风路径来计算三门核电厂址处的可能最大风暴潮增水。结果表明,NW向登陆且距离核电厂址左侧为R(最大风速半径)时的假想台风使得三门核电厂址处的增水达到最大,风暴潮增水最大值为4.58 m。将可能最大风暴潮增水叠加天文高潮位进行计算,厂址前沿处水位达到了7.75 m,而三门湾顶附近的最高水位已经达到9 m,超出了三门湾沿岸海堤高程。将三门湾沿岸陆地依照高程概化为计算区域进行漫堤计算,当天文高潮位叠加可能最大风暴潮水位时,三门湾沿岸会发生漫堤溢流现象,淹没范围最严重的区域出现在湾顶处,最大淹没面积达到了120 km2。此时厂址前沿最高潮位为7.25 m,与不溢流相比下降了0.50 m。本研究可为三门核电厂址的安全防护提供科学依据。 相似文献
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《应用海洋学学报》2015,(4)
在准直角坐标下建立了粗细矩形网格嵌套的宁波市台风暴潮数值模式,模式细网格空间分辨率为2',对影响宁波市1949~2007年间的41次台风过程的风暴潮增水进行了后报模拟,将模拟的94个站次的风暴潮增水峰值前后2 d的数据与实测值进行了对比和误差统计,平均绝对误差为23.6 cm,平均相对误差27.6%,说明模式是成功的.进而,引入福建省风暴潮漫堤预警辅助决策模式"一种基于台风路径预报概率圆的风暴潮集合预报模式和基于假想台风增水数据库的风暴潮增水快速预报算法",并集成地理信息系统,建立了宁波市风暴潮漫堤预警辅助决策系统,系统可对宁波市的海塘在台风期间进行风暴潮漫堤预警报.系统于2012年在宁波市水文气象站投入试运行,1209号台风"苏拉"和1211号台风"海葵"的预报结果表明,集合预报结果比单一路径预报结果有不同程度的改善,该集合预报技术可以有效的解决由于台风路径预报偏差引起的风暴潮预报漏报和误报问题,证明模式在宁波市的应用是成功的,为其在更多区域的推广应用提供参考. 相似文献
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利用-套基于非结构网格且能计算海水漫堤溢流的超高分辨率风暴潮漫滩数值模式模拟由9417号台风特大风暴潮引起的漫滩,结果与实测吻合良好。此外,选取超强台风强度并以9417台风路径为南路径,往北每间隔30 km为中路径和北路径设计了3条台风路径,进行了-系列数值模拟得出:近岸围堤加大了风暴潮、漫滩淹没对温州的威胁,而且由南路径引起的漫滩深度和中路径引起的漫滩面积影响最大。究其原因,近岸围堤对外海风暴潮在温州近海及瓯江口传播的阻隔和分流作用,两者综合变相加大了风暴潮往瓯江口北侧海域、瓯江北口、瓯江中上游的输送量。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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