共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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基于膜下滴灌特有的"膜中"、"膜间"、"膜边"、"膜外"微区环境,利用2011—2013年田间对比试验方法获取的5 960个数据,运用柯布-道格拉斯模型,构建膜下滴灌环境土壤层次、灌水定额、土壤水分、气温、蒸发综合因素与土壤水盐关系及影响效应分析模型.结果表明,在气候干旱、蒸发强烈灌区,地膜覆盖与滴灌结合的地表介面灌溉形式下,土壤水盐具有水平方向由"膜中"向"膜边"地表裸露区定向迁移,垂直方向土壤水盐则由下向上层运移且趋于"膜外"边界积累的趋势,尤其是气温与蒸发因素交互作用,推进膜下滴灌土壤水盐在地膜覆盖与土壤裸露区域空间运移,研究结果进一步揭示了膜下滴灌"土壤水盐定向迁移"形成机理,为膜下滴灌土壤水盐地表排放模式应用提供了依据. 相似文献
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冻融期土壤水盐变化特征分析——以黑河上游祁连县阿柔草场为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
冻融作用是土地盐碱化的形成机制之一,对冻融区春季积盐有明显的控制作用.在冻融过程中,土壤剖面结构发生变异,形成冻结层、似冻结层和非冻结层.以祁连山黑河上游阿柔草场为例,研究了解冻期土壤水盐运移变化特征.阿柔草场隶属青海祁连山地区,地处西北高寒地区,为季节性冻土区,大面积土壤经历冬冻春融的冻融循环.这种循环引起了土壤中水分和盐分运移的特殊规律,即冻结时土壤中的水分和盐分向冻层迁移,使得冻层的土壤含盐量明显增加;而融化时,由于地表蒸发,土壤中的水分和盐分又向地表强烈迁移,从而造成盐分在地表积聚,诱发盐分两次抬升. 相似文献
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基于河西走廊疏勒河中下游绿洲天然胡杨林下8个采样点720个土壤样品和6.8524 hm2的7个样方,应用统计学及相邻格子法等研究了胡杨林土壤水盐的空间变化特征及其影响。结果表明:研究区土壤含水量随深度而增加,土壤全盐量变化与之相反,两者在80 cm土层之上变化剧烈,之下变化平缓;土壤水盐含量变异差异明显,均属于中强度变异。各层土壤水盐含量存在着自中游向下游水分减少、盐分增加、表层聚盐加重的显著空间分布规律。研究区胡杨林生长受到土壤水盐胁迫,种群结构残缺;下游胡杨林分偏老,稀疏矮小,已明显衰退。长此下去,下游胡杨林将因快速衰退演替而全部死亡。 相似文献
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土壤水是联系地表水与地下水的纽带,在水资源的形成、转化及消耗过程中有重要作用,与农业、水文、环境等领域都有密切联系。所以土壤水研究越来越引起人们的重视,有了长足的进步。目前,土壤水研究走向多学科的交叉,如水热盐的耦合运移,冻结土壤中水分的运移,土壤-植物-大气连续体中的水热运移等。土壤水运动机理研究也更加深入,如优先流、土壤水参数的测定及确定、土壤水参数的空间变异性等。土壤水研究的数值模拟方法也有一些突破,如有限解析法、特征有限元法、交替方向有限元法等。土壤水研究的应用也更加广泛,如用于水资源评价、土壤水分与作物的关系、水环境评价等。 相似文献
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采用亮蓝FCF染色示踪剂, 研究膜下滴灌条件的水盐运移规律; 分别在灌溉前、灌溉中和灌溉后等不同时间段共开挖13个时刻的剖面, 观察膜下滴灌湿润面的运移情况; 以10 cm间隔的网格, 用MP406土壤水分探测器原位测定3 120个点的土壤体积含水率, 同时取1 430份土样, 利用1∶5土水比浸提法测定土壤盐分; 并利用WATCHDOG气象站监测研究区气象要素.结果表明: 染色示踪能直观表征土壤水盐运动轨迹; 膜下滴灌条件下, 垂直滴灌带方向土壤水流呈点源入渗特征、沿滴灌带方向近似呈线源入渗特征; 现行灌溉模式下, 壤质砂土湿润锋横向运移速率约为8 cm/h; 滴灌对滴头附近土体有一定洗盐效果, 未覆膜区域地表土体出现盐分积累; 灌水时间越长, 湿润锋越深, 横向扩展速率接近无作物小区(8 cm/h); 从土壤水合理利用角度考虑, 满足研究区一膜一带四行的种植模式和土质的单次合理灌水量应为29.4~69.8 mm. 相似文献
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冻结-冻融过程中水分运移机理 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
为研究冻结-冻融过程中水分运移机理,在天山北麓平原通过人为控制潜水不同埋深条件下的模拟试验和田间土壤水分运移观测试验,分析了土壤水势分布和土壤含水量分布特征,发现冻结过程不同潜水埋深条件下的土壤水分运移机理、土壤水与潜水之间的相互转化关系有明显差异.在冻结过程中,潜水浅埋条件下,冻结层下界面与潜水面之间土壤水分运移状态呈上渗型,土壤水向冻结层下界面处运移、积累,同时引起潜水蒸发损耗使潜水位下降,表现出地下水向土壤水转化的基本特征.潜水深埋区,土壤水分运移状态呈上渗-入渗型,同样土壤水向冻结层下界面处运移、积累,同时潜水得到一定的入渗补给并使潜水位上升,表现为土壤水向地下水转化的特征.冻融过程中对于不同潜水埋深,由原来各自的土壤水分运移状态均逐渐转变为入渗型,形成潜水入渗补给,表现为土壤水向地下水转化的特征.冻融期是土壤水资源、地下水资源形成的重要时期,对于干旱少雨的西北地区而言,冻融水的形成、运移和入渗补给地下水具有重要的生态环境意义. 相似文献
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土壤水研究在流域生态—水文过程中的作用、现状与方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阐述了土壤水在生态系统和人类社会发展中的作用,论述了土壤水研究由形态学向能量学转变发展的历程、土壤水资源近几年研究的现状以及土壤水研究测定的方法及存在的问题,提出今后几年流域土壤水研究的重点领域应为:流域土壤水含量测定与动态监测;土壤水循环与水平衡;土壤水与生态系统关系的研究和流域土壤水预测模型的建立与完善等方面。 相似文献
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鉴于包气带蒸发的水分是从地表散失,故查明裸土蒸发规律对研究包气带水分蒸发、潜水蒸发问题具有重要意义。为了查明西北干旱内陆盆地区裸土蒸发强度规律,通过开展裸土含水率观测、包气带负压观测等野外原位试验,结合气象资料,对包气带剖面流场特征进行分析,采用有限差分法对裸土蒸发强度进行计算。结果表明：依据包气带水分在垂向上迁移的不同状态,将裸土区包气带剖面划分为水分向上传输带和水分向下迁移带2个带;西北内陆干旱盆地裸土包气带极限蒸发深度为1.2 m;受外界蒸发能力和包气带向上输水能力交替控制作用,盆地内裸土蒸发出现在4月下半月至9月下半月,其中4月下半月至5月裸土蒸发强度最大,平均蒸发强度达0.56 mm/d;裸土蒸发强度平均仅占水面蒸发强度的3.5%,最大达6.7%。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2020,3(1):113-123
Regional aridity is increasing under global climate change, and therefore the sustainable use of water resources has drawn attention from scientists and the public. Land-use changes can have a significant impact on groundwater recharge in arid regions, and quantitative assessment of the impact is key to sustainable groundwater resources management. In this study, the changes of groundwater recharge after the conversion of natural lands to croplands were investigated and compared in inland and arid region, i.e., the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountain. Stable isotopes suggest that soil water in topsoil (< 2 m) has experienced stronger evaporation under natural lands than croplands, and then moves downward as a piston flow. Recharge was estimated by the tracer-based mass balance method, i.e., chloride and sulfate. Recharge rates under natural conditions estimated by the chloride mass balance (CMB) method were estimated to be 0.07 mm/a in deserts and 0.4 mm/a in oases. In contrast, the estimated groundwater recharge ranged from 61.2 mm/a to 44.8 mm/a in croplands, indicating that groundwater recharge would increase significantly after land changes from natural lands to irrigated croplands in arid regions. Recharge estimated by the sulfate mass balance method is consistent with that from the CMB method, indicating that sulfate is also a good tracer capable of estimating groundwater recharge. 相似文献
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ZHANG Ming-li WEN Zhi DONG Jian-hua WANG De-kai YUE Guo-dong WANG Bin GAO Qiang 《岩土力学》2020,41(5):1549-1559
In order to understand the hydrothermal activity mechanism of active layers to rainfall in permafrost regions caused by humidification of climate, the differences of ground surface energy balance and hydrothermal activity in different types of shallow soil with the consideration of rainfall were discussed. Based on the meteorological data in 2013 observed at Beiluhe observation station of Tibet Plateau, three types of shallow ground soil (i.e., sandy soil, sandy loam and silty clay) were selected to compare the differences in the water content and energy balance at the ground surface, dynamic processes of water and energy transport in active layers and coupling mechanism under rainfall condition in the plateau using a coupled water-vapor-heat transport model. The results show that the increase of soil particle size leads to the increase of surface net radiation and latent heat of evaporation, but the decrease of soil heat flux. The difference of surface energy balance, especially the sensible heat flux and latent heat of evaporation, are larger in the warm season but smaller in the cold season. The liquid water transport under hydraulic gradient and the water-vapor transport under thermal gradient are obvious as the particle size in soil increases. However, the water-vapor flux under thermal gradient increases but the liquid water flux under hydraulic potential gradient decreases. As a result, the water content in shallow soil decreases accordingly but it increases slightly at the depth of 25 ~75 cm. Moreover, with the increase of soil particle size, the thermal conductivity of soil, convective heat transfer under rainfall and surface evaporation increase, but the soil heat conduction flux and soil temperature gradient decrease. Thus, soil temperature in sandy soil is much higher than that of sandy loam and silty clay at the same depth. The permafrost table declines with the increase of the thickness of active layer, which is unfavourable to permafrost stability. The results can provide theoretical reference for stability prediction and protection of permafrost caused by humidification of climate. 相似文献
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Soil salinisation determines the distribution pattern of crop processes in irrigation districts. The research presented here was conducted in the Luohui Canal Irrigation District, which is located in the loess area of Shaanxi Province, China. A back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) for the soil water-salt state was established to predict soil salinity and alkalinity. The degree of influence of numerous factors on the dynamics was quantitatively determined using the default factor testing method and verified with grey relational analysis. The results show that the BPANN prediction accuracy is very high, and it can efficiently depict the comprehensive relationships between the influential factors and dynamic states. The influence of soil moisture, evaporation, groundwater salt and groundwater depth on the dynamics is significant in the region. The current irrigation method, used for many years, cannot meet the water necessities for the vegetation, causing the groundwater levels to decline and a lowering of the soil moisture zone, leading to the occurrence of serious soil salinisation. Under the action of evaporation, more salt accumulates in the upper part of the soil, resulting in extensive soil salinisation. The higher the groundwater salt content, the more salt is carried by rising capillary water, and the more the soil is salinised. If groundwater depth was to exceed the critical water table, then groundwater and salt would move to the soil surface by moisture evaporation, and salt would build up on the soil surface in this irrigation district. The interactions between each factor forms a complex coupling relationship state. 相似文献
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长江口环境用水量计算方法探讨 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
环境用水在水资源配置中不能忽视，但环境用水问题的研究在理论上和具体计算方法上，目前国内外尚未有系统的成果。以长江口为例，以维持长江口水盐平衡并兼顾水沙平衡为目标，分析了长江口所必需的环境用水量。 相似文献
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中国西北内陆盆地中的地下水系统,对维系其浅表水分、热量、盐分均衡以及地表的生态平衡、土壤的资源属性和局部地域气候相对稳定性具有不可或缺的调节作用,这种调节作用是通过饱和带水、包气带水(土壤水)、近地表大汽水和植物体内水("四水")之间的垂直循环来实现的.目前的相关研究主要侧重于地下水与地表植被类型间对应关系的统计分析,较少涉及水分运移的机制;而以水分垂直循环的动力学机制为研究对象的SPAC系统(土壤-植物-大气连续体),则对地下水的重视程度不够,且存在着尺度转换的困难,更为完整的应该是GSPAC系统(地下水-土壤-植物-大气连续体).干旱区内陆盆地地下水生态效应的研究需要开展以下的工作:"四水"垂直循环的动力学过程与机制研究,尤其是饱水带-包气带界面水、汽、热转化过程的研究;人类活动影响下地下水系统演化特征的研究,它不仅是实现水分垂直循环研究的最终目的——水资源合理开发利用的中间环节,更是将"四水"垂直循环这一微观水文循环过程与区域水文循环过程相结合,实现尺度转化的关键所在. 相似文献